Showing 12 results for Atherosclerosis
Akrami S M, Yousefzadeh G R,
Volume 65, Issue 9 (12-2007)
Abstract
Background: Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a very rare genetic disorder with a frequency of 1 in 8 million live births. It is characterised by premature aging phenotype. The median age at death is 13.4 years. It is an autosomal dominat disease due to a de novo point mutation in the Lamin A gene exon 11 in the majority of cases. More than 100 cases have been reported world wide.
Case report: We describe here an exceptionally long-lived patient with HGPS, who is alive at age 36. She was referred by a cardiologist to our endocrinology clinic to be worked up for presence of a metabolic or genetic disorder before a heart surgery.
Results: Having more attention of clinicians about very rare diseases and referring the patients to geneticist are the main goals of this case report as well as describing the disease.
Rahmani M, Najafizadeh Sr, Sharegh H, Rahmat Sadeghi S, Ahmadinejad A,
Volume 68, Issue 6 (9-2010)
Abstract
Background: High Resolution sonography of common carotid artery is a safe method for rapid diagnosis of atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to compare sonographic findings of subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients and control group and comparing the prevalence of atheromatous plaques and Intima- media thickness in arteries of the groups.
Methods: Fifty RA patients and fifty non-RA persons were evaluated in a cross- sectional, Descriptive study. The sonographic findings of common carotid artery of these two groups were compared.
Results: After analysis of the sonographic findings of common carotid arteries of 100 females in our study (50 patients with the mean age of 48.1y/o [23-61] and 50 control group with the mean age of 47y/o [23-61]), the prevalence of RA patients with atheromatous plaques was 32% and in control group was 6%. [OR=7.4, 95%CI=2-27.3, p=0.001]. The mean (SD) of the Intima- Media Thickness (IMT) in RA patients was 7.76 mm (1, 04) while in control group was 6.10 mm (0.95). From 38 RA patients with less or equal 5 joints involvement in hand radiography, 13.2% had atheromatous plaques and the mean (SD) of the IMT was 7.6 (±1.1) mm. From 12 patients with more than 5 joints involvement in radiography, 91.7% had atheromatous plaques and the mean (SD) of the IMT was 8.4 (±0.7) mm. [p=0.012].
Conclusions: Regarding higher prevalence of vascular problems in RA patients, screening and early diagnosis of vascular pathologies could be of value in reducing morbidity and mortality of these patients.
Malekpour-Dehkordi Z, Javadi E, Doosti M, Paknejad M, Nourbakhsh M, Yassa N, Gerayesh-Nejad S, Heshmat R,
Volume 69, Issue 3 (6-2011)
Abstract
Background: ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a key mediator of
cholesterol efflux to apoA-I in lipid-laden macrophages, the first step of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in vivo and a critical step in preventing atherosclerosis.
Enhanced ABCA1 expression may inhibit foam cell formation and consequently reduce atherogenic risk. On the other hand, garlic, Allium sativum, and garlic extracts have been demonstrated to have potential cardiovascular benefits. Moreover, garlic has direct antiatherogenic and antiathersclerotic effects on artery walls. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of alcoholic garlic extract on the expression of ABCA1
in macrophages.
Methods: Cell viability assay was used in order to detect the cytotoxic dose of alcoholic garlic extract on macrophages. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to study the effects of alcoholic garlic extract on the expression of ABCA1. Macrophage cells were treated by different concentrations of alcoholic garlic extract for 48 h. The total RNA of the treated macrophages were extracted and analyzed by real-time PCR. ABCA1 protein expression was also analyzed using the Western blotting technique.
Results: Alcoholic garlic extract increased the ABCA1 mRNA (20-23%) and protein expression (18-37%) in THP-1 macrophage cells compared with the controls (untreated cells).
Conclusion: The results of this study are suggestive of the potential effects of alcoholic garlic extract in increasing ABCA1 expression in macrophages, the possibility of promoting reverse cholesterol efflux in macrophages and preventing atherosclerosis
Bizheh N, Rashidlamir A, Zabihi A, Jaafari M,
Volume 69, Issue 3 (6-2011)
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis, are the main causes
of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The disease has had an increasing prevalence in Iran in recent years. Homocysteine and C-reactive protein (CRP) are two novel cardiovascular risk factors that independently predict risks of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of one session of circuit resistance training on the blood levels of the aforesaid inflammatory markers in inactive middle- aged men.
Methods: The participants of this study included twenty-three healthy but inactive middle-aged men who were overweight and were randomly divided into two experimental (n=14) and control (n=9) groups. The activity included doing exercises with the subjects’ 35% one-repetition maximum (1-RM) intensity at ten different stations. Blood levels of homocysteine and hs-CRP were measured before and after the exercise.
Results: Analysis of data using independent samples t-test showed a significant increment in the serum levels of homocysteine and hs-CRP after training in the experimental (P<0.05) versus the control group.
Conclusion: Elevation of homocysteine levels is due to the increase in protein metabolism and creatine synthesis for energy production and elevation of hs-CRP levels could be due to hepatic induction of interleukin-6 that acts as a signal for the stimulation of lipolysis and glycogenolysis. However, beneficial or adverse physiological effects of these changes are not thoroughly understood and more research is needed to conclude about the acute and chronic effects of different types of physical activity on the blood levels of these atherosclerosis risk factors.
Heidari Beni M, Ebrahimi Mamaghani M, Hajimaghsood M, Tarzamani Mk, Mohtadinia J,
Volume 69, Issue 6 (9-2011)
Abstract
Normal
0
false
false
false
EN-US
X-NONE
AR-SA
MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
Background: Abnormal iron homeostasis such as iron deficiency or iron excess is associated
with the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases including diabetes and
cardiovascular disease (CVD). Iron may stimulate the
progression of atherosclerosis by increasing the oxidative stress. Changes in
carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) have been
validated as a vascular indicator of atherosclerosis progression. The purpose
of this study was to apply CIMT to investigate the
association between iron status and the initial stages of atherosclerosis.
Methods: 140 healthy premenopausal women aged 18
to 50 years who had no
chronic or acute disease were selected randomly from one of the Tabriz
university sub specialized clinics. Blood samples were taken to assay iron
status parameters. CIMT was measured
noninvasively by ultrasonography. Based on CIMT
results, the subjects were classified as "healthy" (CIMT
≤0.8 mm) or "at risk" (CIMT >0.8 mm).
Student's t-test was used to determine the mean differences between the two
groups.
Results: The mean±SD age of the participants was 32.76±8.1 years.
The mean iron, ferritin, hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
were significantly higher and the total iron binding capacity (TIBC)
was lower (P<0.05) among the "at risk"
group. However, there was no significant differences in red blood cell count or
hemoglobin levels between the two groups (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Results
of this study showed a relative correlation between iron status parameters and
CIMT as the initial indicator of CVD. Regarding
the contradictions found
in the literature, more research is needed to clarify the situation.
Rohani Zohre , Sanadgol Hooshang , Khajehnasiri Samaneh ,
Volume 69, Issue 12 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerotic vascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage renal diseases on maintenance hemodialysis. Early atherosclerotic changes of the arterial wall can be evaluated by measuring intima-media thickness (IMT), and looking for the presence and structure of plaques and parameters of vascular resistance. In this study we investigated the relationship between carotid IMT and pulsatility index (PI) or resistive index (RI) values in hemodialysis patients.
Methods: Sixty hemodialysis patients (27 females and 33 males median age 41.7 years) and 60 healthy volunteers (32 females and 28 males, median age 37.8 years) underwent ultrasonography of common carotid artery for the determination of IMT, PI and RI.
Results: Bilateral IMT was significantly higher in hemodialysis patients than in control group (P<0.001). Left carotid artery RI and PI were found to be significantly higher in hemodialysis patients than in the controls (P<0.001). Right carotid artery RI and PI had no significant statistical differences between the two groups (P=0.18 and P=0.78, respectively). There was a moderately significant negative correlation between the left carotid IMT and left RI and PI in the controls (r= -0.42, P=0.001 and r=- 0.43, P<0.001, respectively).
Conclusion: PI and RI values of the left coronary artery increased as did IMT in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, measurement of RI and PI values together with IMT are recommended for early diagnosis of atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patient.
Montakhab Yegane H, Babaahmadi Rezaiy H, Doosti M,
Volume 70, Issue 5 (8-2012)
Abstract
Background: Several dietary factors are involved
in cardiovascular coronary heart diseases, including trans fatty acids, which are generally formed during hydrogenation of vegetable oils, a process that causes conversion of liquid oils into semisolid fats. Nowadays, it is well-known that trans fatty acids form a major risk factor in the occurrence
and progression of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, it has been identified that some nuclear receptors, such as PPARs,are involved and play important roles in lipid homeostasis and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we studied the effect of elaidic acid on
gene expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ).
Methods: Murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells were treated by 0.5, 1, and 2 mM concentrations of elaidic acid for 6 h.
The control group was treated by 50% ethanol (as solvent), equivalent to the amount of ethanol used in 2 mM concentration of elaidic acid.
Later, the total RNA was extracted and its cDNA was synthesized. Finally, the quantity of PPARγ gene expression was measured by real-time PCR.
Results: Overall,0.5, 1, and 2 mM
concentrations of elaidic acid decreased PPARγ gene expression in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line by -1.36, -1.68, and -3.24 folds compared with the control group, respectively.
Conclusion: By decreasing the expression of nuclear receptor PPARγ, elaidic acid causes, intensifies or
accelerates the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis.This finding shows the importance of reducing the consumption of elaidic acid
containing foods.
Hossein Fakhrzadeh , Farshad Sharifi , Neda Mehrdad , Fatemeh Jafaraghaeii , Zohreh Badamchizadeh , Neda Nazari ,
Volume 71, Issue 7 (10-2013)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to assess the association of serum adiponectin and a set of traditional cardiovascular risk factors with carotid artery intimal-medial thickness (CIMT) and coronary artery calcium score (CACS), as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in subjects with early type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: Carotid artery intima- media thickness (measured by B-mode ultrsonography), coronary artery calcium score (determined by high resolution computed tomography), serum adiponectin, Fasting blood sugar, serum lipids, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were measured in 123 asymptomatic newly diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes mellituss and 152 age and sex matched healthy control subjects.
Results: Serum adiponectin and lipids were significantly lower in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (P<0.01). Left, right and mean carotid artery intima- media thickness, coronary artery calcium score, fasting blood sugar, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were significantly higher among diabetic patients compared to healthy controls (P<0.05). Mean carotid artery intima- media thickness was positively and independently related to age (P<0.001) and triglyceride (P=0.01) in diabetic group. Coronary artery calcium score was associated positively with age (P=0.004) and inversely with high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P=0.002) among diabetics.
Conclusion: Although adiponectin was lower in diabetics compared to controls, it had no significant association with carotid artery intima- media thickness and coronary artery calcium score as markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. In patients with type 2 diabetes in addition to age, serum triglyceride levels are correlated with carotid artery intima- media thickness, while HDL cholesterol is inversely correlated with coronary artery calcium score.
Hossein Fakhrzadeh , Mohamad Jafar Mahmoudi , Zahra Droudian, Farshad Sharifi , Yaser Tajalizadeh Khoob, Neda Mehrdad , Fatemeh Jafaraghaei , Zohreh Badamchizadeh ,
Volume 74, Issue 3 (6-2016)
Abstract
|
Background: The relationship between serum homocysteine levels and cardiovascular diseases has been elucidated since many years ago. In this study, the association between serum levels of homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B12 with the pulse wave velocity and Buckberg index or subendocardial viability ratio was assessed in individuals with diabetes and also non-diabetic subjects.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 58 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 36 non-diabetic people, from April to October 2013 were enrolled in Dr. Shariati Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were performed with standard methods. Fasting serum glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Triglyceide, A1C, vitamin B12, folic acid and serum homocysteine levels as well as, highly sensitive complement-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured. Artherial stiffness was assessed by calculating pulse wave velocity and aortic agumentation index via Sphygmocor. In addition, Buckberg index (Subendocardial viability ratio) was assessed by dividing myocardial oxygen supply to dimand expressed as percent. The normality of distributions was evaluated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and linear regression models were utilized to detect associations.
Results: Diabetic and non-diabetic subjects differed in terms of age, history of hypertension, serum levels of homocysteine, and LDL-C (P< 0.05). The pulse wave velocity in subjects with diabetes and without diabetes were 60.91 m/s and 41.91 m/s, respectively (P= 0.01). After adjustment for confounding factors in multivariate regression analysis pulse wave velocity was associated with age and homocysteine levels in non-diabetic group, (β equal to 0.441 and 0.345, respectively), and it was related to age, diastolic blood pressure and serum levels of c-reactive protein in subject with diabetes (β= 0.417, 0.302, and 0.262, respectively).
Conclusion: Homocysteine levels in non-diabetic individuals were associated to sub-clinical atherosclerosis markers but we could not find this association in diabetic participants.
|
Mahmoud Ebrahimi , Mohammad Karimi , Faranak Dehghani , Amir Biriaei , Nafiseh Farhadian, Shiva Golmohammadzadeh ,
Volume 77, Issue 3 (6-2019)
Abstract
Background: Sesame oil can be used to treat cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, by reducing the levels of fibrinogen and factor VII. The aim of this study is to prepare a microemulsion containing sesame oil as a drug nanocarrier for improving the aqueous solubility and therapeutic effects of this vegetable oil on the reduction of the fibrinogen and factor VII levels in animal model.
Methods: This experimental study was performed for microemulsion preparation and animal test at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Cardiovascular Research Center of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, respectively, from April 2015 to January 2017. To prepare the microemulsion samples, Tween 80 and span 80 were selected as surfactant couple and surfactant ratios of 8:1, 9:1 and 10:1 were determined for construction of pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. The Zealand white rabbits were categorized in three groups: receiver of base diet group, high cholesterol diet and high cholesterol diet plus microemulsion.
Results: The average particle size of the samples was in the range of 16.64±0.1 to 21.16±0.2 nm with a uniform particle size distribution. Zeta potential was in the range of -10.7 to 18.4 mV, refraction index was approximately 1.39. Electrical conductivity coefficient was in the range of 297 to 311 μz and pH of all the samples were approximately 6.42 for all samples. All of the microemulsion samples were physically stable and the prepared sample with 9:1 surfactant ratio was selected to investigate the animal test due to the higher oil percentage in comparison with the other samples that be stable over 6 months. Significant decrease in the levels of fibrinogen and factor VII in the third group of rabbits was observed compared to the other groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed the effective performance of nanostructured drug delivery systems in the form of microemulsion to improve the aqueous solubility and therapeutic effects of hydrophobic compounds such as vegetable oils.
Mohsen Jafari , Ali Asghar Ravasi ,
Volume 78, Issue 1 (4-2020)
Abstract
Background: A group of adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter (ABCs) including ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCG4, ABCG5 and, ABCG8 induce cholesterol efflux from the cell and thereby are target genes in prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. ABCA1, ABCG5 and, ABCG8 genes are activated by liver X receptor (LXR) and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) that play essential roles in metabolic processes related to cholesterol metabolism. Oxysterols that are derivatives of cholesterol, or by-products of cholesterol biosynthesis that contain additional oxygen functions as hydroxyl, carbonyl, or epoxide groups, are LXR ligands; thus, LXR and LRH-1 are cell cholesterol sensors. LXRs are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the metabolism of several genes related to lipids, cholesterol, and bile acids and their activity is effective in the prevention of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks high-intensity interval training (HIT) and low-intensity continuous training (LIT) after high-fat diet on LXRα gene expression in male Wistar rats.
Methods: This experimental study was done in two phases of obesity induction and training exercises. The rats after 13 weeks of high-fat diet (40% lipid) assigned in 3 groups of control (with high-fat diet) (N=5), HIT training (with high-fat diet) (N=5) and LIT training (with high fat diet) (N=5). For statistical analysis, the one-way ANOVA and the least significant difference (LSD) post-hoc tests were used for comparison of groups. The duration of exercises was 12 weeks (5 sessions per week). The research was done in the Sport Sciences Research Institute of Shahid Mirghani, Gorgan City, Iran, from December 2018 to July 2019.
Results: Results showed significant differences of LXRα gene expression between groups (P≤0.05), as highest levels of LXRα gene expression were in HIT group and its lowest levels were in control group.
Conclusion: In summary, results showed that 12 weeks high-intensity interval training (HIT) and low-intensity continuous training after 13 weeks high-fat diet increased LXRα gene expression that may be a predictive mechanism for atherosclerosis especially in obese persons. Also, HIT training was more effective in elevation of LXRα gene expression.
Isa Khaheshi, Taraneh Faghihi Langroudi , Sima Salimi, Marjaneh Karimi, Abbas Arjmand Shabestari , Maral Edalati, Shahabeddin Gorji, Elham Mahmoudi ,
Volume 78, Issue 4 (7-2020)
Abstract
Background: Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease affecting connective tissues, (including epidermal, subepidermal, microvasculature, etc.), leading to various extent of end-organ damage. The leading cause of mortality among these patients is lung involvement. The cardiovascular events happen more frequently in patients suffering systemic scleroderma, comparing to healthy population. This study was designed to clear the correlation between development of coronary calcification (as an indicator of atherosclerosis) and lung disease in these patients.
Methods: All patients with definite diagnosis of systemic sclerosis, who referred to Shahid Modarres Hospital between March 2011and March 2014, entered to the study. Patients suffering hypertension, hyperlipidemia and who had a past or current history of smoking were excluded from the study. Atherosclerosis was determined by coronary calcium score (based on Agatston score) and the severity and extent of lung disease was assessed by wells scoring system and Warrick scoring system (based on lung CT scan without contrast). The spearman correlation analysis was done on the data by SPSS software, version 20 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA). All the patients had informed consent and no additive charge was delivered.
Results: The study population consisted of 25 patients with systemic sclerosis. 21 patients were female and the 4 other ones were male. The mean age was 67±4 years old. The mean Wells score in patients was 13±2.59, the mean Warrick severity score was 6.54±6.16 and the mean Warrick extent score was 14.42±14.59. No correlation was observed between presence of calcification in coronary arteries (Wells score r2=0.63 P=0.77, severity score r2=0.27, P=0.2, extent score r2=0.11, P=0.6), aorta annulus (Wells score r2=0.04, P=0.83, severity score r2=0.06, P=0.77, extent score r2=0.06, P=0.76) and thoracic aorta (Wells score r2=0.05, P=0.83, severity score r2=0.03, P=0.9, extent score r2=0.03, P=0.9) with the severity and extent of lung involvement.
Conclusion: It seems that the presence of coronary atherosclerosis or calcifications in aorta annulus and thoracic aorta (assessed by Agatston calcium score) has no significant correlation with the severity and extent of lung disease (assessed by Wells and Warrick score) in patients with systemic sclerosis. |
