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Pivotal exigencies of dental services and related professions, in COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic literature review
Ghasem Janbabai, Amir Hashem Shahidi Bonjar , Abtin Heidarzadeh, Mahdi Shadnoush , Ghasem Sadeghi, Mohsen Dalband, Amir Reza Rokn, Hamid Samadzadeh, Ali Tajernia, Said Sai, Reza Masaeli, Gholamreza Heydari, Ali Yazdani , Behzad Houshmand ,
Volume 79, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background: The advent of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (so-called SARS-CoV-2) causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (so-called COVID-19) occurred in Dec. 2019 in Wuhan, China. Having an inconceivable worldwide contagion, the outbreak was labeled a pandemic by the WHO. Dental services and related professions (including dentists, dental assistants, dental hygienists and the personnel of cleansing, remedial, triage, dental laboratories, radiographic laboratories and other related paraclinicals), facing galore aerosol and droplets, are in the topmost risk groups exposed to the queer virus. This study was fulfilled to round up evidence-based data to break a link at any part of the virus transmission chain in dental services and related professions.
Methods: Relevant online databases, as PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar and TripDatabase were searched meticulously and evaluated for relevant published original research papers. Subsequently, to fulfill the investigation, ADA, CDC and WHO websites were reviewed to gain relevant guidelines and protocols. Consequently, 476 resources were included considering the canonical inclusion criteria. For the sake of quality assessment of the resources, an authentic checklist was exploited to score the resources from 1 to 15, wherein the admissible score was 10. After deliberation of resources, 366 of them were excluded and finally, 110 resources were selected and overhauled to attain a comprehensive perception on the subject of the investigation.
Results: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 includes direct transmission (via droplet and aerosol inhalation) and indirect transmission (via surface and instrument contamination), which can amply occur in dental services and related professions. Therefore, an all-inclusive evidence-based miscellany was rallied on several exigent topics, containing genuine esteem in reputable scientific authorities, to present a consummate report for the dental clinicians and related practitioners, working in the course of the running pandemic.
Conclusion: Contemplating the ongoing crisis, undertaking a set of miscellany elected guidelines and protocols, is indispensable in this vital interval of history to bridle the current pandemic, which has been abridged via this systematic perusal.

Strategies for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of Post Covid-19 Fungal Infections in Immunocompromised Patients: A systematic review
Abdolahad Nabiolahi , Najmeh Khammari, Nasser Keikha,
Volume 82, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, understanding healthy treatment strategies is crucial in the post-COVID era where immunocompromised patients are more likely to get exposure to fungal infections. The aim of the research was to investigate studies of fungal infections after COVID-19.
Methods: The systematic review study was conducted from 11 July 2023 to 04 February 2024 in Zahedan, Iran. To extract articles on fungal infections, the vocabulary of selected Medical Subjects Headings (Mesh), other specialized literature was determined and a search strategy was formulated in three databases, Web Science, Scopus, and PubMed, without any time limitation. In addition, the articles were analyzed according to the research objectives, types of fungal infections encountered in immunocompromised patients, their incidence in different immunocompromised patient groups, diagnostic and detection strategies, treatment methods and other background information.
Results: A 15 number of related articles were included. The most common type of study was case report. From the lens of Aspergillus and mucormycosis fungal infections, they were given more attention, and in terms of the type of immunodeficiency, patients with a history of diabetes, including groups of diabetic patients, cancer groups, AIDS patients, and some groups with genetic disorders, were investigated in the studies. Appropriate treatment methods; particularly the use of corticosteroid drugs such as methylprednisolone as intravenous injection, systemic antifungal drugs such as liposomal amphotericin B, Antifungal treatment using high-dose amphotericin B, the use of prophylactic drugs, and isolation of the damaged tissue are recommended as the best treatment strategies. In order to prevent fungal infections in groups of Immunocompromised Patients, it is recommended to use simple hygiene Recommendations.
Conclusion: Analyzing the conditions of cocvid-19 patients and recognizing effective treatment strategies is inevitable, especially in the post- COVID era. A review of the literature showed that prevention and control of fungal infections after covid-19 was critical among immunodeficiency patients and the use of the recommended treatment method for their lifecycle continuity should be more considered by health care providers, health system managers and health policy makers.

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