Showing 38 results for Children
F Ramezani , E Barooti , F Khalaj Farahani , Sm Hashemi ,
Volume 57, Issue 2 (5-1999)
Abstract
Despite unwillingness to fertility, about 30% of couples do not use any kind of contraception and this will lead to unwanted pregnancy. In this clinical trial study, 4177 subjects who had at least one alive child, and delivered in one of the 12 university hospitals in Tehran were recruited. This study was conducted in 1996. The questionnaire included some questions about contraceptive use, their attitudes about unwantedness or wantedness of their current pregnancies. Data were analysed using a Logistic Regrassion Model. Results showed that 20.3% of those who had no fertility intention, did not use any kind of contraception methods, 41.1% of the subjects who were using a contraception method before pregnancy, had got pregnant unwantedly. Based on Logistic Regression Model age, education, previous familiarity of women with contraception methods and husband's education were the most significant factors in contraceptive use. Subjects who were 20 years old and less or 35 years old and more and illeterate subjects were at higher risk for unuse of contraception methods. This risk was not related to the gender of their children that suggests a positive change in their perspectives towards sex and the number of children. It is suggested that health politicians choose an appropriate model to enhance the literacy, education and counseling for the correct usage of contraceptives and prevention of unwanted pregnancy.
Poorang H,
Volume 59, Issue 4 (8-2001)
Abstract
Teratomas are emberyonal neoplasms derived from totipotential cells that contain tissue from at least two and more often three germ layers (ectoderm, enoderm and mesoderm) in the midline or paraxial location from brain to sacrococcygeal region. The primary objective of this study is to determine this rather common newborn and children teratomas in different areas of the body. The secondary objective is studying the incidence and its pathology and comparison of the data with literatures. In this research, 91 involved children in two hospital of the Tehran university of medical sciences from 1982 to 1999 has been studied. From 91 children 60 cases were sacrococcygeal teratoma, 14 cases were sacrococcygeal and pelvic (tot...74), 9 cases in ovaries, 3 cases in the retroperitoneum 2 cases oropharyngeal, 2 cases in testis and one case in neck area. From these cases, 71 were neonate, the rest were infant or were more than 2 years old. From the cases 88 underwent surgical treatment, 3 cases died because of surgical complications and 3 cases died before operation. In this study, 84 percent of teratomas were benign and 16 percent were malignant. The comparison of these findings with literature showed little differences.
Ensani F, Mozaffari K,
Volume 59, Issue 5 (9-2001)
Abstract
Nodules in the thyroid have always commanded a great deal of attention because of the fear of their being cancerous. The estimated incidence of thyroid nodules in children and young adults is about 0.22 to 1.8 percent. According to different epidemiological data, about 10 to 35 percent of thyroid cancers occur in the first two decades. The present study based on microscopic review of tissue slides obtained from thyroid nodules in cancer institute during 24 years focusing on malignant lesions in the mentioned age group revealed the following results: The average age of patients was 16.5. The female to male ratio is about 3.3/1 (76.7 percent female and 23.3 percent male). About 84 percent of thyroid nodules were benign with the following incidence of different morphologic features: nodular goiter 78.6 percent, follicular adenoma 1.96 percent, 16 percent of thyroid nodules were malignant with the following incidence of different morphologic variants: papillary CA 91.3 percent, follicular CA 3.5 percent and medullary CA 5.2 percent. Papillary carcinoma as the predominant from of thyroid cancer was accompanied by unilateral cervical lymph node metastasis in 53.8 percent of cases and distant metastasis (to lung) just in one case. According to major variation of papillary carcinoma, we found the classic type in 33 cases, the follicular variant in 18 cases and micro carcinoma in one case. Based on the above results once again we reach this belief that every thyroid nodule especially in children and young adults demands careful appraisal.
Sadegipoor Hr, Eftekharardabili H, Zeraati H, Mosleh A,
Volume 61, Issue 4 (7-2003)
Abstract
This research studies the quality of medical prescriptions for children under 5 years of age and their effective factors carried out by Behvarzes at Eslamshar town.
Materials and Methods: The study took place in 19 health houses considering the medical family files of patient children seeking for medical care by 33 Behvarz for quality of medical prescription. Two questionnaire were used for the study. The first questionnaire contained information about children medical prescription and variables evaluated in relation to medical prescription dose, duration of consumption and the cure duration period, which carried out for both girl and boy group separately. The second questionnaire contained information about the condition of working Behvarzes demographic in health houses considered variable for Behvarzes are: Age, Sex , experience, education, place of residence marital status.
Results: The important points of the study are as follow: - In cases that according to Behvarzy training patient follow up is necessary, 56.9%of the needed cases did not full fill the appropriate and necessary follow up program. - One of the important constraints of the research is the high percent of unrecorded cases by Behvarzes including:
1 - 1.2% unknown medical prescriptions.
2- 44.2% unknown dose of prescribed medicine
3- 52.4% unknown care duration period
4- 36.5% unknown period of time for taking the medicine. Conclusion: According to the information:
1- 64.9 dose of prescribed medicine
2- 73.2 period of time for taking the medicine
3- 84.1 care duration period There were appropriate.
J Ahmadi , M Kalantari, Raeis Alsadat, V Mehrabi , H Nahvi ,
Volume 62, Issue 4 (7-2004)
Abstract
Background: Mediastinum includes the vital organs like the heart the major respiratory passages and the major vessels due to this vicinity, the masses of this area with malignant or benign etiology or cause systemic diseases such as metastatic malignancies or granulomatous reactions can be potentially fatal.
Materials and Methods: According to the priority of the problem, a ten years comprehensive retrospectively study of mediastinal masses in children was conducted In children medical Center (Tehran University) from the points of view of incidence, clinical manifestations and diagnostic and treating ways. Results &
Conclusion: In our study there were 34 patients from 1992-2002 who were reviewed. No differences between boys and girls with mediastinal masses were observrd. The most prevalence age for mediastinal tumors was form 5-10 years (38%). The most prevalent sign was fever (53%) and the most common symptom was coughing (44.4%). Basesd on this research, mediastinal masses have been the most prevalent finding in chest radiography (53.8%). CT-Scan with double contrast was recognized as the most common and easiest ways for diagnosing masses. Anterior masses were the most common finding in our study (41.7%). Most of these masses were removed by surgery and the most common operation in our patients was thoracotomy and removing the masses (61.7%). Lymphoma was the most common masses (35.2%) and masses with neural orgins occupy the second grade. According to available documents and with regard to mean follow up of patients in 3.2 years the rate of survival was 54%.
Gharagozlou M, Montazeran M, Foroozanfar M, Khalili S,
Volume 64, Issue 11 (10-2006)
Abstract
Background: Influenza epidemies which occur mosthly in cold seasons could be a risk factor for developing exacerbations and acute attacks of asthma. Although influenza vaccination is recommended for the asthmatic patients, there is a lack of sufficient clinical evidence that this annual vaccination prevents asthma exacerbation in children.
Methods: Prospective clinical trial study of 201 children with asthma, where 79 did, and 122 did not receive the influenza vaccine, was done. The two groups were compared with respect to use of bronchodilators, systemic corticosteroids, emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations for asthma. In multi variable analysis, adjustment was made for baseline asthma severity and demographic variables.
Results: After adjusting for other variables, the vaccinated group had a significant decreased in exacerbations frequency and duration. Also the frequency of used bronchodilators and the absence days of daycare center or school were lower in the vaccinated group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in relation to used systemic corticosteroids and ED or hospital admissions (P>005).
Conclusion: This study showed that influenza vaccination may be effective in prevention of some asthma exacerbation aspects.
Oloomi Z, Moayeri H, Bahremand Sh, Vafaei P,
Volume 65, Issue 1 (3-2008)
Abstract
Background: Hyperuricemia is one of the oncologic emergency that occurs most often in patients with hematologic disorders particularly leukemia and high-grade lymphoma. This study was conducted in order to determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia with respect to prophylactic treatment (in particular allopurinol) in patients with lymphoproliferative disease in the pediatric hematologic ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran.
Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 316 children (75 females, 241 males) under the age of 12 years participated. Among the subjects, 66 patients (20.9%) had lymphoma and 250 patients (79.1%) had leukemia.
Results: Of the 56 (17.7%) patients diagnosed with hyperuricemia, 13 with lymphoma (19.7%) and 43 (17.2%) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 52 patients showed hyperuricemia after induction of chemotherapy (p<0.001). Hyperuricemia was more prevalent in patients with more advanced disease (50.9% in stage IV, p<0.001). Hyperuricemia was more frequent in male patients (p<0.001). Among the 217 patients who had received prophylaxis (hydration, alkalization, allopurinol), 19 (8.7%) subjects had hyperuricemia compare to 37.3% in the group of patients who did not receive prophylactic treatment (p<0.001).
Conclusion: From the literature reviewed, a recombinant form of the urate oxidase enzyme (rasburicase) is a safe and effective alternative to allopurinol to rapidly control plasma uric acid concentrations in patients with hematologic malignancy at high risk for tumor lysis during induction of chemotherapy. In this respect, we recommend a prospective study to compare allopurinol and rasburicase in children with leukemia and lymphoma.
Farahmand F, Khatami Gh, Mehrabi V.a, Mahjoob F, Ezadyar M, Mehdizadeh M,
Volume 65, Issue 2 (3-2008)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to review the frequency, histopathology and outcome in children with tumors of the liver.
Methods: Included in this retrospective/descriptive study were 30 children treated for liver tumors from 1375-1384 (ca. 1996-2005), at Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Tehran, Iran. We included the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic data of our patients, focusing on the frequency, etiology and outcome.
Results: Patient ages ranged from three months to 12 years (median 3.8 years), with 18 males (60%) and 12 females (40%). Of these, 17 patients had hepatoblastoma (55.66%), including 13 males and four females, with an age range of six months to five years. Four cases (13.33%) had neuroblastoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was found in three cases (10%), all of whom were carriers of hepatitis B. Two cases (6.66%) were diagnosed with mesenchymal hamartoma, two cases (6.66%) with hemangioendothelioma and two cases (6.66%) with rhabdomyosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma of the biliary tract. Abdominal swelling and hepatomegaly were seen in all of patients. Jaundice was observed in two cases. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels greater than 500 ng/ml were seen in 17 cases (56.66%). All patients were receiving specific treatment. The three-year survival rate was 65% for hepatoblastoma and 2% for HCC
Conclusion: With the introduction of specific treatment, the survival rate for children with tumors of the liver has significantly increased. Further improvement can be achieved using diagnostic biopsy for hepatoblastoma, although it may result in complications, and preoperative chemotherapy followed by complete surgical excision (per International Society of Pediatric Oncology guidelines), yielding an outstanding survival rate of 80%.
Tashakori A, Arabgol F, Panaghi L, Davari R,
Volume 65, Issue 8 (11-2007)
Abstract
Background: Depressive disorders in children and adolescents are chronic and highly morbid. Few studies are carried out on antidepressant drugs for depressed youths, especially specific noradrenergic agents. Reboxetine is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of reboxetine in childhood and adolescent depression.
Methods: Twenty patients of both genders, aged 7-17 years old, with major depressive or dysthymic disorders, as classified by the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), participated in an 8-week clinical trial before-after study of reboxetine. Clinical semistructured interviews, based on the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children (K-SADS), were carried out. Reboxtine was initiated at a dose of 1 mg/day and increased up to 6 mg/day. Patients were assessed for changes in: depressive symptoms using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and global functioning by the Children's Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS). Side effect questionnaire was also administered.
Results: There was a significant decrease in the ineffectiveness subscale (C factor) of CDI (p=0.006). Although the CDI scores decreased by 32.69%, this change was not significant (p=0.39). No significant change in C-GAS (p=0.2) was observed. Adverse effects were relatively mild to moderate and transient. The most common adverse effects were decreased appetite and sedation.
Conclusions: Reboxetine is relatively well tolerated and improves feelings of ineffectiveness among depressed children and adolescents however it does not improve all depressive symptoms. Double-blind, placebo and active comparator controlled studies and larger sample sizes are indicated.
Zamani A, Bahremand Sh, Ojaghi Haghighi S M, Daneshjou K, Tirgari F, Ghasemi M,
Volume 65, Issue 11 (2-2008)
Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection often occurs in childhood and adolescence, with the frequency increasing with age. Hp infection is associated with insufficient hygiene, overcrowding and low socioeconomic status. Although declining in developed countries, children in the developing countries continue to have a high prevalence of Hp infection. As the association of Hp infection with chronic abdominal pain is not ubiquitously accepted, in this study we investigate the significance of endoscopic finding associated with Hp infection in children with abdominal tenderness.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1,665 healthy children, aged 6 to 12 years, in whom Hp infection was evaluated using the IgG anti-H. pylori test. Hp-positive children with epigastric tenderness underwent upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Urease activity of gastric mucosal biopsies was measured. The presence and density of Hp organisms, the presence of follicular gastritis, and the nature of inflammation and gastritis activity were assessed by histologic examination.
Results: Of 1665 children, 429 (26%) subjects (51% girls, 49% boys) were seropositive for H. pylori. There was a significant association between Hp infection and older age (p<0.001) and male/female ratio (p<0.05). Epigastric tenderness was detected in 39 children (1%), 29 of whom underwent upper GI endoscopy. Nodular gastritis with antral erythema was the most common endoscopic finding (26/29 89.7%). Histological findings revealed that, in all cases with endoscopic nodularity, lymphoid follicles were present. Bacterial density was low in 13 (44.8%), moderate in 14 (48.2%) and high in 2 (7%) subjects.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study demonstrated that antral nodularity is the most common feature in children with Hp infection and epigastric tenderness was significantly associated with histological findings of lymphoid follicles.
Esfehani S.t, Madani A, Moghtaderi M, Ataee N, Mohseni P, Hajizadeh N, Rahimzadeh N, Haddadi M,
Volume 65, Issue 12 (3-2008)
Abstract
Background: Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most remarkable diseases in childhood. The majority of patients have prompt response to corticosteroids.
Methods: In this study, we retrospectively evaluate the outcome of patients with steroid-responsive nephritic syndrome. Medical records from January 1996 to September 2006 were reviewed to identify all children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome at the Pediatric Medical Center, Tehran, Iran. Initial steroid therapy was 60 mg/m2 per day for four weeks. Levamisole, a steroid-sparing agent, was prescribed at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg on alternate days in conjunction with alternate-day prednisolone. If no benefit was observed by three months, levamisole was discontinued and immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide at a dose of 3 mg/kg daily for 8 weeks, or cyclosporin A at a dose of 3-5 mg/kg was prescribed.
Result: Of 745 children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome, 63.1% of patients were male. The most common causes were minimal change disease (98/324, 30.2%) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (81/324, 25%). At presentation, microscopic hematuria was found in 22.6% of the patients. During follow-up, 9.2% had no relapse at any time, while 15.8% were frequent relapsers. The remission period ranged from 3.5 to 168 months. At the last follow-up, 57.6% of the patients were in remission, 37.7% relapsed and 29 children developed chronic renal failure. The outcome of nephrotic syndrome was not associated with age or gender. The end clinical status of patients correlated with duration of remission, number of subsequent relapses and response to cytotoxic agents.
Conclusions: Steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome in children should be followed over a long period, especially patients with early relapse. Relapse was seen in more than 90% of patients. Documentation of histopathology by renal biopsy may be helpful to identify those at increased risk for a poor outcome.
Hashemian H, Tabatabaee P, Siadati A, Ataee N,
Volume 66, Issue 9 (12-2008)
Abstract
Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the major etiological factors of permanent kidney impairment, resulting in renal scarring and severe and pernicious side effects, such as arterial hypertension and renal failure. The purpose of this study was to clarify the impression of renal parenchyma involvement by first UTI (on the basis of acute DMSA scan) and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR-on the basis of VCUG/ RNC) on the renal scar formation (on the basis of late DMSA scan).
Methods: Children diagnosed with their first UTI at the Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran, Iran, were evaluated. For each patient, we recorded age, sex, results of VCUG/RNCs and acute DMSA scan, as well as those of a late DMSA scan performed 4-6 months later. The results of acute and late DMSA scans were compared along with the results of VCUG/RNCs.
Results: This study included a total of 103 children, of whom 16 (15.5%) were boys and 87 (84.5%) were girls. The mean age was 27.2±27.7 months. The frequency of renal scars in kidneys with mild (28.6%, 8.7%) and moderate (33.3%, 18.2%) pyelonephritis with or without VUR was not significantly different, while the frequency of renal scars in kidneys with severe pyelonephritis (84.6%, 23.1%) in the presence of VUR was significantly higher than non-refluxing kidneys with severe pyelonephritis (p=0.005). Furthermore, the frequency of renal scars in refluxing kidneys increased significantly with the severity of pyelonephritis (normal 8.3%, mild 28.6%, moderate 33.3%, and severe 84.6% p=0.001). This pattern was not significant in non-refluxing kidneys (0%, 10.3%, 18.2%, and 23.1%, respectively p=0.062).
Conclusion: The present study indicates that the incidence of renal scarring increases with pyelonephritis severity in patients with VUR. Furthermore, we can estimate the risk of renal scar formation from the results of acute DMSA scan and VCUG/RNC.
Zamani A, Atarod L, Zamani F,
Volume 66, Issue 12 (3-2009)
Abstract
Background: Leishman Denovani is an obligatory intracellular parasite that is seen such as Leishmanbody or Amustigote in intra reticolo-endothelial system. Leishmanenios is seen as sporadic-endemic or epidemic in many places in the world. In Iran in Fars state and west Azarbayjan is endemic and in other places are in sporadic form and is found in rural areas.
Case report: A four year-old girl was admitted with visceral Leishmaniasis and Subsequently developed peritoneal tuberculosis. The patient who lived in Dashte- Moghan, complained of abdominal pain and distention and weight loss from 1.5 years ago. The titre of IFA test for leishmansis was 1/1280. Leishman body was seen in bone marrow aspiration specimen. Bone marrow culture for leishmania was negative. The specimen of acsities fluid revealed sero- fibrino- purulent exudate with lymphocyic dominancy (over 90%). No response to classic lishmanisis treatment had been started unless the patient treated with anti tuberculoid regimen.
Conclusion: The function of the T-helper (Tht) lymphocytes will decrease in Kala-azar disease. This is why there is no skin reaction to Manteaux (PPD) diagnostic test the patient. The patient have been suffering from long-term malnutrition with its consequent immune defect. There was no evidences of cure in our patient during classic Kala-azar therapy. After she received anti tuberculosis therapy she revealed clinical improvement with Glucantim regimen as well.
Ataei N, Safaian B, Madani A, Esfahani St, Ataei F,
Volume 67, Issue 2 (5-2009)
Abstract
Background: Early diagnosis of renal parenchymal involvement in children with acute
pyelonephritis (APN) using isotope scan and early treatment may decrease or prevent
development of renal parenchymal lesions. We designed this study to assess the
diagnostic value of certain biologic parameters in children with first- episode of acute
pyelonephritis (APN) documented by 99m Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)
scintigraphy.
Methods: We compared the laboratory findings of leukocyte count, erythrocyte
sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels with the results of
the DMSA scans obtained within three days of admission. One hundred-two children (93
girls and 9 boys aged 1 month–12 years (mean 2.85±2.92 years) were enrolled in the
study. Of these patients, 203 renal units, were investigated using scintigraphy. Voiding
cystourethrography (VCUG) was performed in 98 children (195 renal unit) when urine
culture became negative.
Results: In all children one or both of kidneys had parenchymal involvement on
scintigraphy. Changes on the DMSA scan were found in 178(88%) renal units during the
acute phase. The extent of changes in DMSA scan were mild in 113/178(55.7%) renal
units, moderate in 40/178(19.7%) and severe in 25/178(12.3%). When inflammatory
markers were correlated with the development of the severe renal lesions, as assessed
with DMSA scan, a highly significant correlation with both ESR (p=0.007) and leukocyte
counts (p=0.02) were found.
conclusions: We conclude that the incidence of renal parenchymal involvement in
Iranian children with APN is very high. Although increased ESR and leucocytosis may
be valuable markers for determination of severe renal parenchymal involvement, but
these parameters and also CRP, were inadequate in distinguishing mild to moderate
renal parenchymal involvement.
Behnaz Haeri Behbahani , Ahmad Reza Dorosty , Mohammad Reza Eshraghian ,
Volume 67, Issue 6 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background: The sensitivity and specificity of body mass index (BMI) percentiles of CDC2000 standard which is used in determining obesity in Iranian children was compared with child real obesity identified by fat mass index (FMI) and obesity status in these children based on BMI and FMI was compared too.
Methods: Weight, height and triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness were measured in 1800 primary school children in Sabzevar, Iran. Fat mass (estimated from TSF) and weight were divided by height squared to calculate FMI and BMI, respectively. FMI at or above the 90th percentile of age- and sex- specific data in this study was considered as criterion for real obesity, and BMI≥95th and 85thResults: Based on the CDC cut-offs, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in our children were 7.9% and 4.8%, respectively. From the real obese and non-obese children identified by the FMI, 43.3% and 0.6% were identified as obese according to BMI, respectively. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of 90th percentile of BMI to identify children as obese, were 71.1% and 98% respectively.
Conclusions: The efficacy of BMI in determining childhood obesity may be less than expected and it appears that FMI in comparison with BMI, is a better indicator of obesity in children, but more studies in this area are required.
Ali Zamani , Seyed Reza Raeeskarami , Parvin Akbrai Asbagh, Zohre Oloomi Yazdi , Reza Matloob , Narges Zamani , Mamak Shariat ,
Volume 67, Issue 10 (1-2010)
Abstract
Background : Septic Arthritis is an acute infection of intra-arthicular space. Delay in diagnosis and in appropriate treatment may lead to prolongation of treatment duration and poor outcome. We decided to evaluate clinical aspects of this disease in our department pediatric department, Imam Khomeini Hospital complex, Tehran, Iran during a 10 years period.
Methods : In a retrospective cross-sectional study, 60 patients with age from 1 month to 14 year-old during 1996-2005 were evaluated. The demographics characteristics, clinical observations (signs & symptoms) and paraclinic values were gathered from medical records and analyzed with statistical tests.
Results : Pain and Swelling was seen in all, joint limited motion in 80% ( 50 cases) claudicating in 64% ( 38 cases), fever in 80% ( 48 cases), monoarticular disease in 80% ( 48 cases) and polyarticular one in 20% ( 12 cases) of them. Hip was most Common involved joint 62% ( 37 cases), elevated ESR was seen in all patients. CRP was positive in 85% ( 51 cases). Leuckocytosis was found in 65/8% ( 17 cases) of cases. In infectious cases, Staphylococcus aurous was responsible organism in 65.6% ( 16 cases), klebsiella in 12.4% ( 3 cases), Streptococcus pneumonia in 12.3% ( 3 cases), group b streptococcus in 4.1% ( 1 case), Hemophilus Influenza type b in 4.1% ( 1 case) of study patients. With therapy ESR was normalized in 64% ( 39 cases) and CRP was normalized in all patients.
Conclusions: In general, all children with complaint of fever, pain, and limited joint motion or claudicating should be suspected for septic arthritis.
Ataei B, Nokhodian Z, Babak A, Shoaei P, Mohhammadzadeh M, Sadeghi R,
Volume 67, Issue 11 (2-2010)
Abstract
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Background: There
are millions of children around the world living on the street. They are at
higher risk of physical, sexual and drug abuse, and have no access to health
care facilities. Therefore they are at risk of viral infections such as HCV and HIV. The aim of
this study was determining the prevalence of HCV and HIV infection in
Isfahan street children (2005-2007).
Methods: The cross-sectional study was taken place on 386 street
children through a nonprobable-convenience sampling method. They were requested
to answer a questionnaire (demographic and behavioral data), and then they were
tested for anti HCV and anti HIV antibodies.
Results: Among 386 street children, 270
(70%) were boys and the mean age was 12.62±3.23 years.
The majority of them, 267 cases (69%), were on the street for financial reasons. 353 (91.7%), 366 (94.8%) and 375 (97.2%) of
them had no history of smoking, using alcohol or substance addiction,
respectively. 40 (34.5%) of girls and 12
(4.4%) of boys (p<0.0001) were
engaged in sex and 79 (68%) of girls and 46
(17%) of boys (p<0.0001) were
involved in physical fighting. All of the children had negative serology for HIV infection.
Nevertheless, four of them (1%) were positive for HCV
Ab.
Conclusion: The knowledge of street children about high risk
behaviors and the infectious diseases should be improved through educational
programs. They need also legal, social and health support.
Abootalebi Sh, Khoshnevisan A, Kohan Ah, Pishyareh E, Rahgozar M,
Volume 68, Issue 2 (5-2010)
Abstract
Background: Constraint-Induced movement therapy (CIMT) is a promising treatment for improving upper limb function in adults after stroke and traumatic brain injury. It involves constraint of the less affected limb and intensive practice with the more affected limb. The purpose of this study on children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) was to evaluate the effects of CIMT on upper extremity and to make a comparison with conventional treatment.
Methods: I a randomized clinical trial twelve children (seven females, five males aged between 48 and 72 months with mean±standard deviation of 59.91±9.15mo) were randomly assigned in two groups. An intensive occupational therapy program including five hours per day for 21 consecutive days was performed for all of them, while less affected limbs were placed in sling for immobilization. Before and after intervention, upper extremity function, spasticity, and motor neuron excitation were evaluated by means of peabody developmental motor scales, modified Ashworth scale, and H reflex and H/M ratio, respectively.
Results: The children who received CIMT did not improved their ability to use their hemiplegic hand significantly more than the children in the control group (p>0.05). However, reports of caregivers and clinical observations showed increases in more affected limb frequency of use and quality of movement.
Conclusion: Results suggest that the use of CIMT needs to more studies and should be considered experimental in children with hemiplegic CP
Faghihloo E, Rezaie F, Salimi V, Naseri M, Mamishi S, Mahmoodi M, Mokhtari-Azad T,
Volume 68, Issue 3 (6-2010)
Abstract
Background: Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the most important viral agent of acute lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide. This virus is responsible for 50% brochiolitis and 25% pneumonia in infants. There are limited data of molecular epidemiology of HRSV from developing countries. This is the report on the molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus in Iran. Methods: In this study, RT-PCR for second hypervariable region of the HRSV G glycoprotein was performed on 72 throat swabs collected from children less than 5 years of age with acute respiratory symptoms in 1386.
Results: Of the 72 throat swabs collected from children with acute respiratory symptoms, 14 (19.44%) were positive for HRSV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all HRSV-positive samples clustered in three genotypes of subgroup A: 12 strains (85/71%) in genotype GA2, 1 strain (7/1%) in genotype GA1, and 1 strain (7/1%) in genotype GA5. In this study we couldn’t identify any genotype of subgroup B.
Conclusion: Our results revealed that multiple genotypes of subgroup A were co- circulated during 1386 in children less than 5 years of age in Iran. Also this study revealed that genotype GA2 was predominant genotype in isolates were obtained from several cities (Tehran, Isfahan, Karaj, Qazvin, Bandar Abbas, Shahreza), so we speculate that this genotype may be predominant during 1386 in Iran. This study supported that RT-PCR for second variable region of G protein is an effective method for further studies of HRSV genotype designation in Iran.
Keyhani Doost Z, Moayyeri H, Khosroshahi N, Molatefi R,
Volume 68, Issue 10 (1-2011)
Abstract
Background: Epilepsy is a common disease in the pediatric neurology. There are frequent
anti-epileptic drugs which are used in management of epilepsy. Anti-epileptic
drugs may have some complications on bone and vitamin-D
metabolism. In this study we aimed to evaluate vitamin-D
metabolism in epileptic children.
Methods: The study was a prospective and cross sectional one. A
total 89 epileptic children who were taking
anti-epileptic drugs for longer than six months with no underlying disorder in
Imam Khomeini and Bahrami Hospitals in Tehran,
Iran were
enrolled in our study
Results: Forty nine boys and 40 girls were enrolled
in this study mean age of the patients was 7.8±2.1
years. Mean duration of anti-epileptic drug therapy was 2.3
years (SD=0.4), 70
of patients were under monotherapy and 19 were
under polytherapy. None of the patients had signs of rickets. Serum calcium and
phosphor levels were within normal ranges. Serum alkaline phosphates levels
were increased more than two times in 43%.
42% had vitamin-D
deficiency (25-OH Vit D<10
ng/ml) and another 33% had vitamin-D
insufficiency (10<25-oh Vit
D<20 ng/ml). 29
patients (32%) were taking
prophylactic supplemental Vit
D (200-400 IU/day). There was
significant difference between patients taking supplemental vitamin-D
as prophylaxis and patients who did not (p=0.04).
There was no significant difference in vitamin-D
levels between patients according to age, gender or different drugs.
Conclusion: Periodic measurement of 25-hydroxy vitamin-D is
recommended in epileptic children taking anti-epileptic dugs. Supplemental
vitamin-D administration in such
patients may be helpful.
