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Sabzevari O, Daliraj A, Mohammadi M, Rastegar H,
Volume 64, Issue 12 (11-2006)
Volume 64, Issue 12 (11-2006)
Abstract
Background: Infant formula, depending on the source, contains various fatty acids, which may possess important nutritional and biological value for infants. The presence of some of these fatty acids in infant formula, however, can be harmful and toxic for the infant. In this regard, more attention has been paid to erucic acid since its accumulation in myocardial tissues may cause damage to the heart. Therefore, a limit has been set by the Codex Alimentarius for the presence of erucic acid in infant formula (less than 1% of total fatty acids). The purpose of the present study is to investigate amount of erucic acid present in three infant formulas used predominantly in Iran.
Methods: Gas chromatography (GC) is a valuable method applied for the separation of fatty acids, including erucic acid, from oils and oily food. Three brands of infant formulas, namely Humana, Biomil and Multi, were analyzed by GC using a wall coated open tubular (WCOT) fused silica column and flame ionization detector (FID). Heneicosanoic acid was employed as an internal standard.
Results: The findings showed that Humana and Biomil infant formula samples contained 0.06% and 0.002% erucic acid (from total fatty acids), respectively, while no erucic acid was detected in the Multi infant formula samples.
Conclusion: The amount of erucic acid in the studied infant formulas was far below the Codex limit of 1% total fatty acids.
Shoaybi G, Soltanimohammadi S, Rajabi M,
Volume 65, Issue 2 (3-2008)
Volume 65, Issue 2 (3-2008)
Abstract
Background: Propofol, an anesthetic noted to give rapid recovery, causes discomfort at the site of injection. A number of methods to reduce propofol-induced pain have been tried, including pretreatment with lidocaine, with varying results. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of magnesium sulfate compared to that of lidocaine and normal saline in mitigating propofol-induced pain.
Methods: One hundred ASA I and II adults, aged 20-50 years, scheduled for elective surgery requiring two IV lines with 20-gauge cannulae in the dorsum of each hand, were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly placed into two groups of 50 patients. In each patient, one hand was the case study and other hand was the control. Group A received 10% magnesium sulfate in one hand and normal saline in the other hand. Group B received 10% magnesium sulfate in one hand and 1% lidocaine in the other hand. All injections had a volume of 2 ml. After 30 seconds, 2 cc of 1% propofol was injected simultaneously into each hand. Pain was assessed according to the VAS rating system, ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (the most severe pain), with a minimum interval of 3 as significant pain. Data were analyzed by chi-square and independent t tests. A P value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: In Group A, the mean pain in the hand premedicated with magnesium was 1.46±1.07, compared to 4.54±2.15 for that of the other hand that had received normal saline (P=0.001). In group B, the mean pain in the hand that had received magnesium was 0.82±1.34, compared to 0.78±1.07 for that of the other hand, which had received lidocaine (P=0.86).
Conclusion: Intravenous magnesium and lidocaine pretreatments are equally effective in attenuating propofol-induced pain, and were better than normal saline in attenuating propofol-induced pain.
Mehraein A, Azad M A, Sadeghi M,
Volume 65, Issue 4 (7-2007)
Volume 65, Issue 4 (7-2007)
Abstract
Background: Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) has been used as a pharmacologic agent in different situations for many years in the treatment of tachyarrhythmias, myocardial ischemia, preeclampsia, and tocolysis among others. The analgesic effect of MgSO4 for postoperative pain has been used since the 1990s. Postoperative pain is one of the most common complications in the perioperative period and can result in serious consequences in different organs if left untreated. Inguinal herniorrhaphy is among the most common surgeries and is almost always accompanied by severe pain. The object of this study is to determine the effect of a pre-induction infusion of MgSO4 on the reduction of postsurgical pain after herniorrhaphy.
Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial included 105 ASA class I and class II herniorrhaphy patients at Shariati Hospital in years 2004 and 2005. For statistical analysis, the 2 and T tests were used. The patients were divided into three groups based on block randomization. Patients in the following groups received: Group A, 200 ml of normal saline infusion (placebo) Group B, 25 mg/kg MgSO4 in 200 ml of normal saline Group C, 50 mg/kg MgSO4 in 200 ml of normal saline. All groups were infused twenty minutes before induction of anesthesia using identical methods and dosage in all three groups. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at pre- and postintubation and so at skin incision time were charted. Visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, nausea, vomiting and the amount of morphine used before recovery room discharge and in six, twelve and twenty-four hours after recovery discharge was recorded.
Results: The average age for the different groups was as follows: Group A: 33.6, Group B: 37.37, Group C: 32.74. Nausea and vomiting between the case and control groups were not statistically different (60% vs. 71.4%, p=0.0499), nor was the amount of Morphine used. On recovery room discharge, the VAS scores were 8.1, 7.2, and 5.5 for the first, second and third groups, respectively (P<0.001). However, no statistical significance was found for the VAS scores six hours after recovery room discharge.
Conclusion: The results in this study show that pre-induction with MgSO4 has no remarkable effect on decreasing postoperative pain or morphine use for inguinal herniorrhaphy.
Mohammadinia Ar, Bakhtavar K, Ebrahimi-Daryani N, Habibollahi P, Keramati Mr, Fereshtehnejad Sm,
Volume 67, Issue 2 (5-2009)
Volume 67, Issue 2 (5-2009)
Abstract
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Methods: Sixty patients with various degrees of
fatty infiltration on liver biopsy and twenty normal subjects without any sign
of hepatic fat infiltration in ultrasonography examined using standard colour
and spectral doppler sonography. The waveforms of Hepatic Vein were classified
into three groups: regular triphasic waveform, biphasic waveform without a
reverse flow, and monophasic or flat waveform. The hepatic artery resistance
index was calculated as the mean of three different measurements.
Results: The mean BMI in Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group and normal subjects was 26.9(SD=3.3) and 22.4(SD=1.7) Kg/m2, respectively with a
range of 22
up to 44 Kg/m2. Abnormal Hepatic Vein
waveforms (biphasic and monophasic) were found more frequently in doppler
sonography (p<0.001)
in patients with Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (12 biphasic and 17 monophasic) compared to normal subjects. Hepatic artery resistance
index was significantly lower in Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients [0.7(SD=0.1)] compared to normal
ones [0.8(SD=0.0)]
(p<0.001).
Conclusions: The incidence of abnormal hepatic vein waveforms is significantly higher in
patients with fatty infiltration compared to those who had no abnormality in
liver ultrasonography and these patients had a significant lower hepatic artery
resistance index. supportFields]> ADDIN EN.CITE ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA
Talebian S, Olyaei Gr, Abbaszadeh M, Partabian L,
Volume 67, Issue 5 (8-2009)
Volume 67, Issue 5 (8-2009)
Abstract
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Background: Muscle
weakness and fatigue are two factors that cause muscle injuries. The roll of
motor control is important in regulation and reduction of this effect.
Repetition of motion after muscle fatigue is due to the significant role of
motor control system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of roll
control of central nervous system following fatigue in order to answer primary
questions in therapeutic exercises.
Methods: Twenty voluntary healthy subjects
participated in this study. Dominant abductor policis brevis after surface
electromyography (SEMG) of maximal voluntary contraction
(MVC) fatigued by maximum three
minutes isometric contraction in specific hand splint monitored by dynamometer
until reduction of activities to 50% MVC. Before and immediately after
fatigue test, 5 dynamic full range of motion in
abduction direction performed without resistance and muscle activities recorded
by SEMG. Three middle muscle activities
selected for comparison of Symmetrical Index (SI) as specificity of motor control assessment. Fatigue
indicators were percentage of reduction of MVC and median and mean frequency of power spectrum of MVC before and after fatigue test.
Results: Significant
reduction of MVC (46.77%), median (13.03%) and
mean (12.20%) frequency were showed (p=0.001),
whereas significant increase of SI (10.76%) appeared (p=0.000),
following fatigue test.
Conclusion: Fatigue reduces muscle
contraction velocity, therefore median and mean frequency decrease. Also after
muscle fatigue reduces of muscle proprioception sense appears, that can cause
slow dynamic joint motion. Upper central control systems try to correct this
situation by involving new motor units and changes of muscle timing.
Synchronization of primary and new motor units plays an important role in
increase of SI.
Behnaz Haeri Behbahani , Ahmad Reza Dorosty , Mohammad Reza Eshraghian ,
Volume 67, Issue 6 (9-2009)
Volume 67, Issue 6 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background: The sensitivity and specificity of body mass index (BMI) percentiles of CDC2000 standard which is used in determining obesity in Iranian children was compared with child real obesity identified by fat mass index (FMI) and obesity status in these children based on BMI and FMI was compared too.
Methods: Weight, height and triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness were measured in 1800 primary school children in Sabzevar, Iran. Fat mass (estimated from TSF) and weight were divided by height squared to calculate FMI and BMI, respectively. FMI at or above the 90th percentile of age- and sex- specific data in this study was considered as criterion for real obesity, and BMI≥95th and 85th
Conclusions: The efficacy of BMI in determining childhood obesity may be less than expected and it appears that FMI in comparison with BMI, is a better indicator of obesity in children, but more studies in this area are required.
Ghatreh Samani K, Farrokhi E, Hashemzadeh Chaleshtory M, Azadegan F,
Volume 70, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Volume 70, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract
Background: Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) moves with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in blood and prevents low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles from oxidation. The aims of this study were to investigate the correlation between fatty acid composition of HDL phospholipids with pon-1 polymorphisms and response to lovastatin treatment in people with high blood cholesterol.
Methods: In this descriptive study, 265 patients were selected and divided into two groups based on LDL-C concentrations 131 patients with LDL-C greater than 130 mg/dl (cases) and 134 patients with LDL-C lower than 130 mg/dl (controls). Fatty acids of HDL phospholipids were measured with gas chromatography and lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein B were measured by relevant commercial kits. Oxidized LDL was measured by ELISA method and activity of paraoxonase was determined by a relevant standard manual method. Genotypes of L55M polymorphism were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism procedure.
Results: Prevalence of L allele from L55M polymorphism was 0.65 and 0.53 in the case and control groups, respectively (P=0.04). PON1 paraoxonase activity in LL homozygote genotype was higher than other genotypes upon treatment with lovastatin. Concentrations of oleic, linoleic and eicosapentaenoic acids in LL genotype were increased by lovastatin administration.
Conclusion: Allele (L) from L55M polymorphism had a higher frequency in patients with higher LDL-C concentrations. PON1 genotypes seemed to have a modifying role on paraoxonase-1 activity after lovastatin therapy.
Montakhab Yegane H, Babaahmadi Rezaiy H, Doosti M,
Volume 70, Issue 5 (8-2012)
Volume 70, Issue 5 (8-2012)
Abstract
Background: Several dietary factors are involved in cardiovascular coronary heart diseases, including trans fatty acids, which are generally formed during hydrogenation of vegetable oils, a process that causes conversion of liquid oils into semisolid fats. Nowadays, it is well-known that trans fatty acids form a major risk factor in the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, it has been identified that some nuclear receptors, such as PPARs,are involved and play important roles in lipid homeostasis and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we studied the effect of elaidic acid on gene expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ).
Methods: Murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells were treated by 0.5, 1, and 2 mM concentrations of elaidic acid for 6 h.
The control group was treated by 50% ethanol (as solvent), equivalent to the amount of ethanol used in 2 mM concentration of elaidic acid.
Later, the total RNA was extracted and its cDNA was synthesized. Finally, the quantity of PPARγ gene expression was measured by real-time PCR.
Results: Overall,0.5, 1, and 2 mM
concentrations of elaidic acid decreased PPARγ gene expression in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line by -1.36, -1.68, and -3.24 folds compared with the control group, respectively.
Conclusion: By decreasing the expression of nuclear receptor PPARγ, elaidic acid causes, intensifies or
accelerates the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis.This finding shows the importance of reducing the consumption of elaidic acid
containing foods.
Hamid Reza Fathi , Farid Fereyduni ,
Volume 71, Issue 7 (10-2013)
Volume 71, Issue 7 (10-2013)
Abstract
Background: Velopharyngeal insufficiency causes hypernasal vocal quality and can also result in audible nasal air emission and difficulty in producing pressure consonants. The resulting speech is often socially unacceptable and can be difficult to understand. Platelet-rich plasma is an autologous derivative of whole blood. Today, the importance of clinical use of Platelet-rich plasma in the plastic surgery is considered. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of combined Platelet-rich plasma and fat injection in the treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency.
Methods: In this prospective clinicaltrial study, of 15 patients including 9 males and 6 females and aged 15-20 years with mild/ moderate velopharyngeal insufficiency who were injected with 5 mL of combined Platelet-rich plasma (1 mL) and fat (4 mL) in the front volume in the posterior pharyngeal wall in the pre-vertebral fascia under sedation. Speech samples were recorded by nasoendoscopy before the injection, and at 6 weeks and 6 months after the injection. Assessment of pathologic speech was done by speech therapist.
Results: Velar displacement showed significantly increased at 6 weeks after the injection (P=0.049). Velopharyngeal gap disappeared in 60% of patients at 6 weeks after the injection (P=0.019). Lateral pharyngeal wall movement showed significantly increased in 73.3% of the patients at 6 months after the injection (P=0.04). After the treatment, aerodynamic assessment showed significantly decreased in nasal air escape during phonation and repeat the words (P<0.05). Assessment speech therapist showed significantly improve quality of phonation in these patients (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that, combined Platelet-rich plasma and fat injection lead to improve voice resonance and reduce nasal air escape in all treated cases. It can be a promising alternative to major procedures, such as velopharyngoplasties, for the treatment of mild/ moderate velopharyngeal insufficiency. |
Parinaz Ahangar , Mohammad Reza Sam, Vahid Nejati ,
Volume 71, Issue 12 (3-2014)
Volume 71, Issue 12 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background: In advanced stages, Colorectal cancer remains often refractory to classic therapies. In consequence, search for new therapeutic modalities with minimal toxicity is of particular interest in colon cancer management. In this regard, powerful growth-inhibitory effect has been shown for fish-oil derived Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) against cancer cells. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-cancer effect of EPA and DHA (n3-polyunsaturated fatty acids, n3-PUFAs) on the human colorectal cancer cell line (LS174T) on a dose-response and time-course ba-sis. Methods: LS174T cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37 ºC in a humidified incubator. Cancer cells were treated to vari-ous concentrations of EPA and DHA (50, 100, 150 µM/L) and incubated for 24-72 hours. Following treatments, dose-response and time-course cytotoxicity using viability and MTT assays were performed. Results: Viability analysis showed that 150 µM/L PUFAs decreased significantly the proliferation of treated cells, as compared to untreated cells. In this regard, cell viabil-ities were found to be %31±%5.1 and %30±%2.6 for DHA and EPA respectively. Moreover, treatment of cells with increasing concentrations of EPA and DHA signifi-cantly decreased growth rates in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Following 72 hours treatments with 150 µM/L PUFAs, growth rates were found to be %19±%5.5 and %20±%5 for DHA and EPA relative to untreated cells respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that n3-PUFAs decrease cell proliferation and could provide new approaches in malignant tumor therapeutic strategies.
Amirnader Emami Razavi , Gholam Basati , Soheila Abdi ,
Volume 72, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Volume 72, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Background: The intestinal absorption of fatty acids may take place through simple diffusion as well as through protein carrier mediated transport, although the relative importance of each pathway is dependent on the ambient condition of entrocytes. Cad-mium ion influences the absorption of fatty acids in entrocytes. However, the effect of cadmium ion on the absorption of fatty acids in different pH values has not been evalu-ated yet. Especially, the luminal pH of small intestine has an essential role in the ab-sorption of fatty acids. In the present study we aimed to evaluate reciprocal effects of cadmium ion and pH of intestine lumen on the absorption of fatty acids in rat model. Methods: In this experimental research, 3 months old Wistar rats (45 rats) were used for experiments. After killing the rats, their intestine was removed and the duodenum and jejunum segments were dissected. Everted Gut Sacs (EGS) were prepared from these duodenum and jejunum segments. The sacs were filled with buffer solution and incubated in a medium containing an appropriate concentration of oleic acid. Then the amounts of oleic acid that had been absorbed into the EGSs in the presence and absence of cadmium ions under different conditions of pH, was measured. Results: Findings of the study demonstrated that the luminal pH of small intestine was effective on the oleic acid uptake and the inhibitory effect of cadmium ions on the up-take of the acid was influenced by pH condition, so that this inhibitory effect was 32% and 36% at the alkaline pHs 7.5 and 9.2, respectively (P< 0.05). At the acidic pHs, 2.5 and 4.5, the inhibitory effect reduced to 11% and 5%, respectively (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Cadmium ion decreased fatty acid uptake by small intestine in rats, and the acidic pH of intestine lumen could attenuate the inhibitory effect of cadmium ion.
Gholamreza Rezamand , Mojdeh Ghabaee , Naser Ebrahimi Daryani , Hoda Ghadami ,
Volume 72, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Volume 72, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the most wide-spread human diseases that can impair liver function and sometimes progresses to cir-rhosis. Recently NAFLD has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardio-vascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of fatty liver disease and its sonographic severity on the resistance of the intracranial arteries. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study of 55 patients referred from Gastroen-trology clinic with diagnosis of NAFLD to Sonodoppler department of Iranian Center of Neurological Research. Pulsaltile index as a Hemodynamic parameter of Middle Cerebral (MCA) and basilar Arteries of NAFLD Patients was measured by Trans Cra-nial Doppler (TCD) sonography and the measurements were compared with normal values. Also the association of these indices with serum liver enzymes and sonographic grading of liver involvement was assessed. The analysis was done by SPSS 16. Fre-quency distribution, mean and standard deviation were used in descriptive analysis and statistical test 2 to compare qualitative variables. Results: Pulsatile Index (PI) were normal (MCA, P= 0.166, Basilar, P= 0.053) and there was no significant difference with relation to severity of fatty liver based on so-nography findings (P= 0.789), but serum liver enzyme levels were inversely correlated with basilar artery PI (P= 0.014). Conclusion: Considering the increase of cerebral arteries PI in advanced liver disease, absence of increase in vascular PI of patients in the present study could be attributed to the short duration of disease from diagnosis to perform TCD, lack of advanced liver involvement (absence of liver dysfunction) and the response effect to treatment before the TCD. Therefore, to assess vascular changes over time, repeating the TCD with assess other parameters such as Fibroscan and K18 factor that has more compatibility of liver function, could help to understand the pathophysiology of liver diseases and its effect on vascular resistance.
Farideh Hosseini, Mohammad Reza Sam , Nasrollah Jabbari ,
Volume 72, Issue 3 (6-2014)
Volume 72, Issue 3 (6-2014)
Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy has been used to treat many types of cancers over the past years. Radiotherapy generates side effects on normal tissues. Radiosensitizer products provide decrease in tumor proliferation and reduce radiation dose in radiotherapy. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) as an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid has anti-proliferative effects on malignant cells. In this study, the effects of DHA accompanied by ionizing radiation on growth rate and survival fraction of HT29 colorectal cancer cells were evaluated. Methods: The present study was performed at the Institute of Biotechnology, affiliated to Urmia University, Urmia, Iran in the year 2013. In this laboratory experiment, ma-lignant cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. HT-29 cells were cultured at 5105 cells/well into 6-well culture plates for overnight. Thereafter, the cells were pretreated with either 50 or 100 µM DHA for 4 hours and malignant cells were irradiated with either dose of 2 or 10 Gy. Cell viability was evalu-ated by trypan blue staining after 48 hours. Moreover, malignant cells were pretreated with either 50 or 100 µM DHA for 48 hours and irradiated with dose of 2 to 10 Gy. Thereafter, survival rate was evaluated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay after 6 days. Results: Cell viabilities were found to be 59.8% and 17.5% for 50 µM DHA in combi-nation with doses of 2 and 10 Gy respectively. Using 100 µM DHA diminished cell vi-ability up to 47% and 13.9% following doses of 2 and 10 Gy respectively. Treatment of cells with DHA accompanied by increasing doses of γ-rays significantly diminished survival rate. In treated cells with 50 and 100 µM DHA, survival rate were measured to be 79.1%, 57.6%, 42.8%, 40.5%, 34% and 55.8%, 43.7%, 33.6%, 27.9%, 23.5% for doses of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 Gy respectively. Conclusion: Our study indicates that DHA decreases colorectal cancer cells prolifera-tion and could provide a new radiosensitizer drug to enhance the efficacy of colorectal cancer radiotherapy.
Khadijeh Fanayi, Mehdi Ajorloo , Sayed Hamid Reza Mozhgani , Shiva Irani , Alireza Gholami ,
Volume 72, Issue 5 (8-2014)
Volume 72, Issue 5 (8-2014)
Abstract
Background: Rabies is an acute encephalitis that causes more than 60,000 deaths worldwide. The only way to save individuals bitten by a rabies-infected animal is the timely use of effective vaccines. Treatment with new generation vaccines is expensive. Therefore, there is a global movement towards the production of less expensive vaccines which retain and improve upon the quality and effectiveness of the vaccine. Production and evaluation of non-classical vaccines is one of the approaches taken in this regard. In this study, we describe a new eukaryotic expression system to express the nucleoprotein N gene of rabies virus which, if suitable, may be evaluated for anti-rabies vaccine production. Methods: The complete sequence of the N gene of rabies virus PV subtype was amplified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and cloned into the pCDNA3.1(+) vector. The cloned gene was excised from the vector by restriction enzyme digestion and sequenced. Due to mutations detected in the N gene, the gene coding sequence was purchased as a recombinant pGH/N vector. Vector pGH/N was amplified and following enzymatic digestion, the excised N gene was once again cloned into vector pCDNA3.1(+). Successful cloning was confirmed using restriction digests and quick check. The recombinant vector pCDNA3.1(+)/N was transformed into cultured BSR cells and protein N expression was analyzed using fluorescent antibody test (FAT). Results: Electrophoresis confirmed amplification of the nucleoprotein N gene and subsequent restriction enzyme digestion showed that the N gene had been successfully cloned into the recombinant pCDNA3.1(+)/N vector. However, DNA sequencing revealed the presence of mutations within the N gene. Restriction digest of the commercial pGH/N vector showed that the N gene had been excised from the vector. Successful cloning of the N gene into the pCDNA3.1(+) expression vector was confirmed using restriction digests and quick check. Protein expression in BSR cells was assayed by immunostaining with anti-ribonucleocapsid FITC-conjugated antibody and visually confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Conclusion: This study showed that the protein N of rabies virus subtype PV can be expressed in a eukaryotic expression system using the pCDNA3.1(+) expression vector.
Fatemeh Valipoori Goodarzi , Javad Haddadnia , Tahereh Habashi Zadeh, Maryam Hashemiyan ,
Volume 73, Issue 6 (9-2015)
Volume 73, Issue 6 (9-2015)
Abstract
Background: Currently, there are many techniques to measure subcutaneous body fat but these methods have many limitations. In this study, we tried to provide a clustering algorithm to measure the thickness of subcutaneous fat in thermography images. Methods: For the detection of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the midline area (from pubis to the xiphoid process), imaging takes place in the right or left lateral sides of the concerned person and to detect this tissue at the left and right flank (from ribs to the iliac crest), imaging takes place from the front. This study was done on 100 subjects (50 female, 50 male) of patients referred to the Shahid Mobini Hospital of Sabzevar since April 2013/4 to December, 2013 and the thickness of their subcutaneous fat in midline abdomen from pubis to the xiphoid process and flank from ribs to the iliac crest were measured based on thermal model and using K-Means and Fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering methods and also recursive connected components algorithm. Results: Subcutaneous fat tissue can quickly appear in the thermogram as an area of low temperature and since in the thermal images, temperature is characterized by the color, as a result, subcutaneous fat tissue must have lower levels of color (temperature) relative to internal body tissues. All the measurements based-on thermal images to determine the maximum thickness of subcutaneous fat were compared with ultrasound. The results of our method were similar to the results of ultrasound method done by a radiologist, with the acceptable approximation. Conclusion: The method presented in this paper is considered as a noninvasive and cost-effective method to measure the thickness of subcutaneous body fat.
Rouhangiz Babakhanianzadeh, Nahid Masoudian , Amirnader Emami Razavi, Gholam Basati ,
Volume 73, Issue 7 (10-2015)
Volume 73, Issue 7 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background: Low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles have shown to be heterogeneous structures with distinctive electrical charges. Alteration in the fatty acids content of the LDL particles is known to affect their structural features, electrical charges, and ultimately physiologic properties and, in this way, may play a role in the pathology of coronary artery disease (CAD). On the basis of evidences, in the present study, the relationship of fatty acids content of LDL particles and their electrical charge was assessed in patients with CAD in comparison with control subjects. Methods: In the current case- control study, from subjects who referred to the Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam during a time period from December 2013 to October 2014, 40 CAD patients and 40 control subjects were selected based on the clinical and angiographic parameters. The fatty acids content and electrical charges of LDL particles were measured by using a gas chromatography system, equipped with a flame ionization detector GC-FID, Acme 6000 M (Young Lin Co., Korea) as well as a Zetasizer (Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK), respectively. Results: In the present study, CAD patients and control subjects were matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). The electrical charge amounts of LDL particles in the patients group was significantly lower than those in the control subjects (P= 0.0001). There was an inverse correlation between the electrical charge amounts of the LDL particles and the saturated fatty acids as well as linoleic acid contents of them in CAD patients group. However, we found a direct correlation between the unsaturated fatty acids (monounsaturated fatty acids and some of the polyunsaturated ones) content of the LDL particles and their electrical charge amounts (P= 0.02). Conclusion: Results of the present study demonstrated that the increased saturated fatty acids as well as the linoleic acid contents of the LDL particles are associated with decreased electrical charge amounts of these particles and this situation may engage in pathogenesis of CAD.
Raika Jamali , Ebrahim Mosavi Jahan Abad, Tayeb Ramim ,
Volume 74, Issue 5 (8-2016)
Volume 74, Issue 5 (8-2016)
Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. The oxidative stress enzymes are the diagnostic markers to prediction of histologic status of liver in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis disease. The aim of the study was to assessment of relationship between serum Zinc (Zn) levels with pathologic manifestation in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Methods: This cohort study was done in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis that had been visited in gastrointestinal clinic of Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran from April, 2014 to April, 2015. Control group included the patients with no clinical manifestation of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and normal liver ultrasonography, lab test and liver biopsy. Serum Zn level was measured with atomic absorption spectroscopy. Normal Serum level of Zn was considered 10.7-22.9 µmol/L (70-150 µg/dL) and less than 7 µg/dL was considered as Zn deficiency. Pathological findings were grading according to NAFLD activity score.
Results: One hundred twenty patients were selected for the study in two equal groups. Six and 26 patients were excluded in case and control groups, respectively due to no consent to lab test. Finally, 54 patients (35 male/19 female) and 34 patients (22 male/12 female) in control group were participated in data analysis. The mean age on case and control group was 37.02±9.82 year and 33.24±12.01 year, respectively (P= 0.111). Zn level in case and control groups were 90.82±13.69 and 88.82±13.10, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between two group in serum Zn level (P= 0.50). Also, there were no statistically significant differences between pathological grading in case group participants (steatosis: P= 0.640; Lobular inflammation: P= 0.882; fibrosis: P= 0.531).
Conclusion: The finding of the study showed no significant association between serum zinc level and hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation and fibrosis of the liver in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Zeinab Moradi Kohnaki , Khairollah Asadollahi, Ghobad Abangah , Kourosh Sayehmiri ,
Volume 74, Issue 9 (12-2016)
Volume 74, Issue 9 (12-2016)
Abstract
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Background: Considering the high incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the Iranian society and the limited number of studies to investigate its associated risk factors, the current study was designed to identify any relevant risk factor of this disease. Methods: The present case-control study was performed among 150 nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients and 150 normal liver participants who attended to gastroenterology clinics in Ilam city, Iran during 2014-2015. All demographic data, clinical trials and health behaviors associated with lifestyle such as nutritional status, smoking, physical activities were collected and compared between two groups. Results: Among a total of 300 participants in the current study, the male female ratio was 46.54% and the mean±standard deviation of all participants was 42.13±12.15 years. The mean values of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly higher in cases than controls group (P< 0.0001). A significant relationship was revealed between positive familial history, marriage, and low physical activities with NAFLD (P< 0.05). In the patient's group, consumption of red meat was significantly higher and dairy intake was significantly lower compared to the control group (P< 0.05). Using the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for variables of waist circumference, triglyceride, ALT and body mass index (BMI) were statistically significant [1.11, (1.04-1.18); 2.58, (1.01-6.67); 5.34, (1.84-15.52) and 7.28,) 1.89-27.99) respectively] (P< 0.05). Also, a significant association was observed among the variables of ALT, AST and BMI with the severity grade of NAFLD (P< 0.05). |
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that waist circumference, BMI, serum level of ALT and TG concentrations can predict the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMI, ALT, and AST seem to be associated with the ultrasonography staging of liver in NAFLD. Therefore, these parameters could be used to predict the ultrasonography staging of liver in these patients.
Ghasem Salehpoor, Abdulaziz Aflakseir,
Volume 74, Issue 11 (2-2017)
Volume 74, Issue 11 (2-2017)
Abstract
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Background: Body pain in multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common phenomenon that can create or exacerbate by different parameters of clinical, psychological and demographic. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parameters of clinical (fatigue, clinical course, body mass index and duration), psychological (depression, anxiety and stress) and demographic (age, gender, marital status and education) characters with multiple sclerosis patient’s body pain. Methods: This cross-sectional study has been performed in the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Guilan Province and Imam Reza Specialized and Sub-specialized Clinic, Rasht City, Iran during June to February 2010. In this study 162 patients with MS were selected by consecutive sampling. We used the clinical and demographic variables inventory, body pain subscale of the health survey questionnaire, depression, anxiety and stress scale and fatigue severity scale along with identical analog-spring balance. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and point bi-serial, one-way analysis of variance, Gabriel test and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The findings showed that patients who scored 3 or higher in relapses experienced significantly more body pain than patients who scored 1-2 times of relapses (P= 0.031). In the meantime, significant differences were not found between the two groups of patients with a score of 3 or higher in relapses and non-relapse and between non-relapse patients and with a score 1-2 times of relapses in terms of body pain. Also, significant differences were not found in different groups of hospitalization in terms of body pain. However, anxiety and fatigue together could explain significantly 25% of the shared variance of body pain (F= 26.29, P≤ 0.0009). Conclusion: This study showed the effect of psychological and clinical factors on body pain exacerbation in MS patients. Therefore, it is necessary for clinicians to consider identifying these factors and the relationships of the factors with increasing pain in patients with MS. |
Mohsen Sheykhhasan , Mahdieh Ghiasi ,
Volume 75, Issue 9 (12-2017)
Volume 75, Issue 9 (12-2017)
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into more specialized cells and divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells (self-renew). In mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in various tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are called as one of the most adult stem cells. Due to their highly proliferative potential and their suitable self-renewal capacity, these cells have provided a powerful and promising source for use in the field of regenerative medicine. Also, mesenchymal stem cells are known for their important properties involving multilineage differentiation potential, trophic factor secretion and localization along various organs and tissues. So that MSCs can differentiate into a variety of cell lineages, including: Osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), adipocytes (fat cells), myocytes (muscle cells), hepatocytes (liver cells) and endothelial cells. Efficacy of differentiated MSCs to regenerate cells in the injured tissues requires the ability to maintain the differentiation toward the desired cell fate. Since MSCs represent an attractive source for autologous transplantation, cellular and molecular signaling pathways and micro-environmental changes have been studied in order to understand the role of cytokines, chemokines, and transcription factors on the differentiation of MSCs. The differentiation of MSC into a mesenchymal lineage is genetically manipulated and promoted by specific transcription factors associated with a particular cell lineage. Recent studies have explored the integration of transcription factors, including Runx2, Sox9, PPARγ, MyoD, GATA4, and GATA6 in the differentiation of MSCs. Therefore, the overexpression of a single transcription factor in MSCs may promote trans-differentiation into specific cell lineage, which can be used for treatment of some diseases. In this review, we critically discussed and evaluated the role of transcription factors and related signaling pathways that affect the differentiation of MSCs toward adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteocytes, skeletal muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, and smooth muscle cells.
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