Zamani T.r Sh, Zavaran Hosseini A, Mesbah Namin S.a,
Volume 64, Issue 9 (9-2006)
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition in macrophages treated with 6-Aminonicotinamide, the amount of nitric oxide (NO) production and the resistance of infected macrophages against Leishmania major infection.
Methods: Peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice were isolated and treated with different concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 mM) of 6-aminonicotinamide. After 24 hours, the viability of treated macrophages was measured by MTT assay at 540 nm. G6PD activity was measured in the cell extracts 24 hours later. Macrophages were then infected with leishmanial amastigotes and after 18 hours NO production was determined using Griess-reagent. In order to study the inhibition of macrophage activity, 5 mM concentration of 6-AN was used and number of leishmanial amastigotes was recorded in these cells from day 1 to7.
Results: Different concentrations of 6-AN were shown to cause a significant increase in cell death and decrease in G6PD activity and NO production in macrophages. Also, the number of amastigotes in macrophages was increased significantly (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The concentration of 6-aminonicotinamide and G6PD activity affect the viability of BALB/c mice peritoneal macrophages through production of NO. Inhibition of G6PD activity leads to decreased leishmani-cidal activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages.
Mesgarian F, Rahbarian N, Mahmoud Radi M, Hajaran H, Shahbaz F, Mesgarian Z, Taghipour N,
Volume 68, Issue 4 (7-2010)
Abstract
Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is endemic in plenty of Iranian provinces. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological status of the cutaneous Leishmaniasis outbreak, isolation and identification of the parasite using a PCR method in burden rural areas of Gonbad-e-Qabus County, north Iran.
Methods: Data was collected on the prevalence of scars and ulcers over a period of three months among 6990 inhabitants of five villages around Gonbad-e-Qabus county,north Iran, during 2006-2007. Cultured promastigotes were identified using PCR technique. ITS1 and ITS2 of Non Coding Transcribed region at ribosomal DNA of 46 Leishmania isolates were amplified and the PCR products were separated by electrophoresis in 1.5% agarose gel (200 mA, 140 V), visualized by staining with ethidium bromide, and photographed. To confirm the PCR findings, six Leishmanis isolates were injected individually into two BALB/c mice.
Results: Among 6990 inhabitants of the five villages, 62.9% had scars and 0.5% had active lesions. The most highly infected age group was 0-10 years and nobody was infected in individuals more than fifty years of age. Individuals 11 to 20 years of age were the most highly infected age group. The results showed that from 46 isolates, all (100%) were L. major in comparison to reference strains and all of them could produce ulcer at the base tail of BALB/c mice, 4-12 weeks after inoculation.Conclusions: According to this study, cutaneous Leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major is endemic in Gonbad-e-Qabus county, north Iran. The results were confirmed by active lesions induced in BALB/c mice.
