Miabi Z, Omrani M,
Volume 61, Issue 1 (4-2003)
Abstract
Spontaneous intra-cerebral haemorrhage (SICH) is a relatively common neurological emergency, that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The goal of the present study was to estimate the neuro-imaging findings (initial CT scans), clinical presentation and possible risk factors in intra-cerebral haemorrhages.
Methods and Materials: The clinical and radiographic findings of 380 patients with intra-cerebral haemorrhage were analysed retrospectively. Patients with haemorrhage secondary to traumatism, brain tumour, or hemorrhagic infarction were excluded. 300 patients considered eligible for final analysis. All CT scans were evaluated to define the location and extension of bleeding.
Results: There were 160 men and 140 women, and the average age was 62 years, (range 26 to 87 years). The most common presenting symptom was consciousness (51 percent), headaches were present in 41.6 percent of patients, only 8.3 percent of patients were comatose at presentation. Location were lobar 36 percent, lenticular and thalamic 47 percent, possible risk factors included hypertension 60.3 percent anticoagulant treatment 9 percent and none 30.6 percent.
Conclusion: Hypertension causes most cases, in which the SICH was located in the basal ganglia. Headaches were more commonly found in patients with cerebellar haemorrhage (70.3 percent). Intra-ventricular extension most frequently occurred in the thalamic haemorrhage and subarachnoid bleeding in lobar haemorrhage location. The majority of patients with SICH that resulted from hypertension were aged >45 years. The control of risk factors, particularly hypertension is crucial to prevention.
Yunus Soleymani, Amir Reza Jahanshahi, Davood Khezerloo ,
Volume 80, Issue 11 (2-2023)
Abstract
Background: Atrophy of hippocampal subfields is one of the diagnostic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, which has also been observed in many patients with mild cognitive impairment. There is still no clear understanding of the atrophy pattern of hippocampal subfields in Alzheimer's disease and its differentiation from mild cognitive impairment. In this cross-sectional study, hippocampal subfield atrophy in Alzheimer's patients were compared with patients with early (EMCI) and late (LMCI) cognitive impairment and the control group.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from September 2021 to September 2022 in the radiology department of Tabriz Paramedical Faculty. MRI images of Alzheimer's patients, EMCI patients, LMCI patients, and normal controls (NCs) were obtained from the ADNI database. Different hippocampus subfields of hippocampal fissure, dentate gyrus head, dentate gyrus body, first cornu ammonis body, cornu ammonis head, subiculum body, and subiculum head were isolated using the hippocampus segmentation tool in FreeSurfer 7.0 software. The volume of all subfields was calculated bilaterally and normalized. The volume difference of each hippocampus subfield between the groups participating in the study and the pair volume difference between the groups was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H Test and post-hoc Dunn's test. The P<0.05 was considered as the significance level.
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Results: The most significant volume difference between the four groups participating in the study was related to the whole hippocampus, DG body, subiculum body, and subiculum head subfields (P<0.0001). Also, when examining pairs, the most significant difference was observed between the NC/AD pair (P<0.0001) and the least significant difference between the pair of LMCI/AD group (P<0.05) and in the subfield subiculum body showing the progressive course of hippocampal subfield atrophy with cognitive progress towards Alzheimer's disease.
Conclusion: In most subfields of the hippocampus, a significant difference in atrophy can be seen, increasing the severity of atrophy as the disorder progresses toward Alzheimer's. Such findings can help guide future studies to improve diagnostic performance to identify individuals at high risk of Alzheimer's disease.
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