Showing 9 results for Occupation
A Javadzadeh , M Fesharaki ,
Volume 56, Issue 6 (7-1998)
Abstract
The chief aim of this research is intended to study the planning and performance of the health and treatment units of the Social Security Organization about the illnesses that may occur in connection with occupations. We believe, however, that healthy skilled work force are the nmost important factors for the development and progress of a country. Therefore, illnesses and disabilities from chemical, physical, biological, psychological and ergonomic can be drasticly eliminated in order to ensure the safety standards of the work force. Five occupational medicine centers in Tehran, have undergone 35199 tests for pre-employment medical examinations. The results were fit, conditionally fit, and unfit that were introduced to employers, during August 1996 and July 1997. Periodical examinations, visits of workshops and factories, presentation of health care in 200 dispensaries has helped recognizing professional diseases. The results work of committee of medical assistant, showed 56 cases of disabilities due to occupation. Professional causes, 16.07% of the above disabilities are from mechanical and, 16.07% from transportation. Hands amputation 50%, injuries of waist 19.65%, feet 10.71% and head 7.14% had responsibility for invalidity due to occupations. Other results of this research like time distribution, causes of invalidity have been presented.
Aslani J, Ghaneei M, Khosravi L ,
Volume 60, Issue 6 (9-2002)
Abstract
Introduction: Occupational exposure to carbon, silica, and quartz, particles are known predisposing factors for bronchial anthracosis. In some cases bronchoscopy may reveal anthracosis infection to be associated with mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Materials and Methods: In a prospective study, from 1999 and 2001, 919 patients underwent diagnostic bronchoscopy for pulmonary diseases.
Results: Of these, 96 patients had some evidence of anthracosis infection. Twenty-six (27%) of these patients had positive smears or cultures for mycobacterium tuberculosis and only eight (8.3%) patients with positive history of occupational exposure. In the other 70 patients 29 had previous occupational exposure, and 41 stated no previous exposure.
Conclusion: Our findings show a significant association of tuberculosis with anthracosis however further studies are needed to document an etiologic relationship.
Hadadi A, Afhami Sh, Kharbakhsh M, Hajabdoulbaghi M, Rasoolinejad M, Emadi H, Esmaeelpour N, Sadeghi A, Ghorashi L,
Volume 65, Issue 9 (12-2007)
Abstract
Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are at substantial risk of acquiring bloodborne pathogen infections through contact with blood and other potentially infectious materials. The main objectives of this study were to determine the epidemiological characteristics of occupational exposure to blood/body fluids, related risk factors of such exposure, and hepatitis B vaccination status among HCWs.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2004 to June 2005 at three university hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Using a structured interview, we questioned HCWs who had the potential for high-risk exposure during the year preceding the study.
Results: With a total number of 467 exposures (52.9%) and an annual rate of 0.5 exposures per HCW, 391 (43%) of the 900 HCWs had at least one occupational exposure to blood and other infected fluids during the previous year. The highest rate of occupational exposure was found among nurses (26%) and the housekeeping staff (20%). These exposures most commonly occurred in the medical and emergency wards (23% and 21%, respectively). The rate of exposure in HCWs with less than five years of experience was 54%. Percutaneous injury was reported in 280 participants (59%). The history of hepatitis B vaccination was positive in 85.93% of the exposed HCWs. Sixty-one percent had used gloves at the time of exposure. Hand washing was reported in 91.4% and consultation with an infectious disease specialist in 29.4%. There were 72 exposures to HIV, HBV and HCV exposure to HBV was the most common. In 237 of the enrolled cases, the source was unknown. Job type, years of experience and hospital ward were the risk factors for exposure.
Conclusion: Education, protective barriers and vaccination are important in the prevention of viral transmission among HCWs.
Abootalebi Sh, Khoshnevisan A, Kohan Ah, Pishyareh E, Rahgozar M,
Volume 68, Issue 2 (5-2010)
Abstract
Background: Constraint-Induced movement therapy (CIMT) is a promising treatment for improving upper limb function in adults after stroke and traumatic brain injury. It involves constraint of the less affected limb and intensive practice with the more affected limb. The purpose of this study on children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) was to evaluate the effects of CIMT on upper extremity and to make a comparison with conventional treatment.
Methods: I a randomized clinical trial twelve children (seven females, five males aged between 48 and 72 months with mean±standard deviation of 59.91±9.15mo) were randomly assigned in two groups. An intensive occupational therapy program including five hours per day for 21 consecutive days was performed for all of them, while less affected limbs were placed in sling for immobilization. Before and after intervention, upper extremity function, spasticity, and motor neuron excitation were evaluated by means of peabody developmental motor scales, modified Ashworth scale, and H reflex and H/M ratio, respectively.
Results: The children who received CIMT did not improved their ability to use their hemiplegic hand significantly more than the children in the control group (p>0.05). However, reports of caregivers and clinical observations showed increases in more affected limb frequency of use and quality of movement.
Conclusion: Results suggest that the use of CIMT needs to more studies and should be considered experimental in children with hemiplegic CP
Farzan M, Mazoochy H, Sobhani A, Shajirat Z, Zolfaghari R, Espandar R,
Volume 70, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract
Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common focal neuropathy that results from pressure on a nerve. The goal of this study was to assess carpal tunnel syndrome and its associated factors such as occupation, sex, and accompanying complications in a teaching general hospital.
Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated 362 patients with the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome admitted in the orthopedic ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran during 2000-2010.
Results: The difference in the mean age of men and women was statistically significant (P<0.0001). The percentage of men with the disease was significantly different from that of the women. The prevalence of idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome was significantly different (P<0.0001) in comparison with carpal tunnel syndrome due to its leading causes. The most common occupation in women was first housekeeping and then hairdressing while in men it was being a worker. Diabetes Mellitus and hypothyroidisms as the leading causes of the syndrome were highly correlated with the disease (r=08, P<0.001).
Conclusion: According to the findings, most cases of the syndrome were idiopathic. Identifying the leading causes of the disease is important because their diagnosis probably prevents unnecessary surgery. By identifying such causes and/or correction of activity styles incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome and unnecessary surgical procedures would be prevented. Evaluation of patients for underlying causes can be useful, especially in severe forms of the disease to realistically assess the need for surgical treatment.
Aminian Omid, Pouryaghoub Gholamreza, Shanbeh Mohammad,
Volume 70, Issue 3 (6-2012)
Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common reported occupational health problem which cause high financial burden and reduce efficiency of workers. MSDs are often multifactorial. This study was done to determine the frequency of MSDs and their relation to occupational stress among office workers.
Methods: 332 office workers were recruited in descriptive-analytical study. To assess the frequency of MSDs, we used Nordic questionnaires and to assess the occupational stress, we used the general Nordic questionnaire for psychological and social factors at work (QPS Nordic+34 questionnaire). The collected data were processed and analyzed.
Results: Our study showed that the frequency of MSDs among office workers was higher than the general population and the stress index was higher (P=0.002) among the office workers with MSDs than employees without it.
Conclusion: This study showed that occupational stress was a risk factor for MSDs, especially in the upper extremities.
Gholamreza Pouryaghoub , Ramin Mehrdad , Soussan Salehpour , Mehran Shahryari ,
Volume 72, Issue 2 (5-2014)
Abstract
Background: Cancer is the third cause of death in Iran. Approximately 5-10% of all human cancers are thought to be caused by occupational exposure to carcinogens. Dif-fuse mesotheliomas of the peritoneum and pleura are considered "signal tumors," or pa-thognomonic of exposure to asbestos. There is also evidence that nonasbestos agents can induce malignant mesotheliomas. So, we need to study the history of exposure to asbestos in patients suffering from mesothelima to determine relationship between them in Iran, especially in occupational settings.
Methods: We received the data of 272 mesothelioma's patients having been registered in 1385 to 1389 in Cancer Bureau, in Ministry of Health. One hundred fifty four of them had telephone number. Finally we could interview with 60 families and gathered data of patient's history of occupation, cigarette smoking and residence place interred in the designed questionnaire. Then we brought out the variants of age, sex, the province of birth place and the involved organs from the data of Cancer Bureau. Analysis of frequency of variants was carried out and compared once in 272 patients being registered in Cancer Bureau and then in the interviewed 60 patients.
Results: Distribution of age, sex, the province of birth and living place and the involved organ were similar in cancer registry's data and the interviewed patients. Distribution of cigarette smoking and exposure to asbestos in the interviewed patients were 28% and 63% respectively. Occupational distribution of interviewed patients consisted of con-struction workers 20%, oil company employees 13.3%, administrative staff 8.3% and drivers 6.7%.
Conclusion: The results of our study specified the jobs with high risks of exposure to asbestos and approved the relationship between the exposure to asbestos and the inci-dence of mesothelioma in Iran, according to researches in other countries. So the con-sumption of asbestos in Iran, like 20 other countries in the world is necessary to be banned.
Younes Mehrifar , Hamideh Pirami , Somayeh Farhang Dehghan ,
Volume 76, Issue 2 (5-2018)
Abstract
Background: Welding generates complex metal aerosols, inhalation of which is linked to adverse health effects among welders. Exposure to manganese (Mn) fume in welding processes can have a harmful effect on welders’ health. Long-term, high-level exposure to Mn is associated with impaired central nervous system (CNS) function. The present study aims to investigate relationship between exposure to manganese in welding fumes and incidence of migraine headache symptoms.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was conducted in March 2017 in an Iron Smelting Industry. Forty welders were selected as the exposure group and thirty-five employees were selected from the administrative unit as the control group. Data related to symptoms of migraine headache were collected using with Ahvaz migraine questionnaire (AMQ). Air samples were collected on mixed cellulose ester membrane filters in personal air samplers and then analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) (NIOSH Method 7300).
Results: The average concentration of welder’s exposure to manganese was 7.24±2.91 mg/m3, which is very higher (37 times) than the occupational exposure limit (Threshold limit value-time-weighted average). There was no significant difference between the mean age and work experience of the two groups (P<0.05). Comparison of the mean of migraine headache symptoms in the two groups of welders and office workers also showed that the frequency of these symptoms among welders was significantly higher than those reported by administrative staff (P<0.05). The correlation between the frequency of symptoms of migraine headache and the concentration of manganese in the air of the welders’ respiratory area was statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Frequency of migraine headache symptoms was higher among welders compared to control group. Statistically the significant relationship was found between airborne Manganese concentration and occurrence of migraine headache; however, a conclusive conclusion is based on more comprehensive studies with larger sample size.
Roshan Nikbakht, Samira Panahandeh, Farideh Moramezi, Maryam Farzaneh ,
Volume 82, Issue 3 (5-2024)
Abstract
Background: Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve conception after one year of unprotected intercourse. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with infertility in men referred to the infertility center at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz.
Methods: This descriptive study utilized a cross-sectional questionnaire during March 2016 to September 2019, involving 800 infertile couples with complete records. We extracted demographic data, including age, occupation, duration of infertility, smoking habits, surgical history, semen analysis, and sperm condition and quality from the files of these men referred to the IVF department. The collected details were systematically entered into an information form. Quantitative results are presented as mean±standard deviation, with differences of p<0.05 between groups deemed statistically significant.
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Results: In this study, the average age of the men referred for evaluation was 33.5 years. The analysis of semen quality revealed a mean semen volume of 2.34 mL, which falls within the acceptable range for normal ejaculate volume, typically defined as being greater than 1.4 mL. The average sperm count recorded was 16,365,000 per mL. Additionally, our study demonstrated that only 5.8% of the sperm exhibited normal morphology. Sperm motility, another key factor in male fertility, averaged at 9.24%, significantly lower than the normal standard. Regarding employment status, a significant majority of participants were employed (89%), while 11% were unemployed. The surgical history among the referred men primarily included varicocelectomy (n=108), hemorrhoid surgery (n=29), urinary tract procedures (n=28), testicular hernia repairs (n=23), and appendectomies (n=18). Additionally, 24% of the subjects reported drug use, with a notable distinction made between smoking and other forms of drug use.
Conclusion: The findings from this study underscore significant concerns regarding male fertility among the referred men, particularly in terms of sperm count, motility, and morphology. These metrics suggest that many individuals may face challenges in achieving conception without medical intervention. Understanding these factors is crucial for developing effective treatment plans and improving reproductive outcomes for men facing infertility issues.
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