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Volume 57, Issue 1 (4-1999)
Abstract
Hyperprolactinemia probably is one of infertility causes. Its incidence is 20% in infertile patients. In this study importance of hyperprolactinema was studied. Importance of hyperprolactinemia as a primary factor of infertility, is uncertain. We studied 500 infertile women in infertility center of Shariati hospital. Prevalence of hyperprolactinemia was 19%. Hyperprolactinemia as a sole cause of infertility was found in only 0.8%. There was a good correlation between galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia (P=0.00007). Galactorrhea is not a screening test for hyperprolactinemia (sensivity=25%), but its specifity is high (91%). If we omit prolactin assay for patients without galactorrhea, we will miss primary cause of infertility in probably 0.1% of patients, so we find that performing prolactin assay for patients without galactorrhea is under question. Subpopulation of infertile patients with hyperprolactinemia are not different with infertile population in mean age (P=0.09), mean duration of infertility (P=0.28) and type of infertility. We suggest that hyperprolactinemia is not a primary or sole factor of infertility
Abolfazli.r, Mirbagheri.a, Rabbani Anari M,
Volume 65, Issue 7 (10-2007)
Abstract
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and the gluten intolerance disease, celiac disease, (CD) are immune-mediated diseases. Better testing for antibodies associated with CD, including anti-gliadin antibody [AGA], as well as anti-endomysial and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies, has improved the diagnosis of CD. Certain neurologic conditions have a reported association with CD. Previous researchers have investigated the role of a gluten-free diet in the treatment of MS and found no benefits. Here, we investigate the possible immunological association of CD with MS.
Methods: Using ELISA, we estimated serum IgG and IgA anti-gliadin and IgA anti-endomysial antibodies in 34 MS patients, who were new or previous cases without immunosuppressant treatment for at least the last six months. The mean age was 29.6 years (range 15-46 years), with 30 patients relapsing-remitting, and four secondary-progressive MS. Thirty-four random anonymous blood donors were used as serologic controls (mean age 31.4 years, range 19-50 years). The individuals in both groups with elevated AGA (IgG or IgA) or anti-endomysial antibody (IgA) underwent duodenal biopsy.
Results: In the MS group, high levels of IgG AGA were found in 5.9% of the subjects, and 5.9% had elevated IgA AGA. In the controls, elevated IgG AGA was detected in 5.9% of the subjects and IgA AGA in 2.9% (p=0.051 and 0.48, respectively). For IgG and IgA AGA levels, no significant differences were found between the patient and control groups. IgA anti-endomysial antibodies were not found in either group. Upon biopsy, the specific pathological features of celiac were absent.
Conclusion: The same number of MS patients and controls had high levels of AGA, with normal levels of IgA anti-endomysial antibodies, which is more specific for CD, while the GI biopsies from both groups were not specific for CD. Therefore, AGA levels in any neurologic case should be interpreted with caution. The present study showed no association between MS and CD.
Sabzikarian M A, Movaseghi Sh, Karimian K, Najafi Zade S R, Rostamian A R, Khalvat A,
Volume 66, Issue 1 (3-2008)
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the possibility that prolactin is involved in the pathogenesis and flare-up of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Methods: In this cross-sectional study we determined serum prolactin levels in sixty (60) serum samples from sixty patients diagnosed with SLE by the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). All patients were females between 13-64 years of age. Disease activity was defined according to lupus activity criteria count and scored by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Serum prolactin concentrations were determined by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) [125I]. Patient blood samples were taken between 10 a.m. and 12 p.m. Serum was separated and kept frozen at -20 °C.
Results: Hyperprolactinemia (>21 ng/mL) was found in 7 (11.7%) patients. SLEDAI scores of <4 were considered inactive disease, >15 active disease and 4-15 moderate activity. Accordingly, 6.7% of our patients had active disease.
Normal serum prolactin levels range from 2 to 21ng/mL. Among those with active disease, prolactin levels were higher, with mean prolactin levels of 18.15, 15.11 and 11.5 ng/mL for active, moderate and nonactive groups, respectively. Increased prolactin levels correlated with activity of SLE disease (p=0.019, r=0.305). No correlation was found between tissue involvement and prolactin level (p=0.24) and no significant correlation was found between prolactin level and age (p=0.19).
Conclusion: Hyperprolactinemia, detected in patients with SLE by IRMA, was associated with disease activity. Our findings suggest that prolactin may play a role in the pathogenesis of SLE.
