Mina Jaafarabadi, Maryam Bagheri, Mamak Shariat, Khadijeh Raeisie, Athareh Ranjbar, Faezeh Ghafoori, Fedyeh Haghollahi,
Volume 78, Issue 10 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background: The pandemic of Covid-19 is spreading around the world. Extensive research is needed to focus on identifying the underlying causes of the disease. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and etiological symptoms of the Covid-19.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study, conducted on 510 infected patients in the infectious disease clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran from March 2019 to June 2020 for A period of Four months during the first wave of Covid-19 pandemic. The method of selecting patients was continuous and was divided into two groups of 179 inpatients and 331 outpatients based on lung scan and clinical symptoms. Demographic information, clinical signs, and risk factors were collected through a questionnaire and the data were statistically analyzed.
|
Results: Symptoms such as fever, chills and cough were reported in the majority of patients in both groups, to such an extent that they were present in 176 (52%) of outpatients and in 101 (59%) of inpatients. The mean hemoglobin measured in hospitalized patients was lower, P=0.001). Vitamin D3 supplementation was reported in 30% of outpatients and in 16.5% of hospitalized patients (P=0.001). This means that vitamin D3 consumption is higher in the outpatient group.
The results showed that Chronic diseases such as hypertension was 4.9 times more likely (OR=4.9, 95% CI2. 433-10.25, P=0.0001) and anemia with 22 times more likely (OR=22.905, 95% CI9. 355-56.083, P=0.000) to be effective in the severity of the disease. It seems Vitamin D3 intake has a supportive effect on reducing the severity of the disease and decreases the risk of the disease getting worse.
|
Conclusion: Fever, chills and cough were important symptoms in identifying infected patients with Covid-19. According to the results of the present study and the findings of other studies, the supportive effect of vitamin D3 in reducing the severity of infectious diseases should be considered. Clinical trials with appropriate sample size are recommended to investigate the functional role of this vitamin in Reducing the severity of viral diseases of the respiratory tract.
Ghasem Janbabai, Amir Hashem Shahidi Bonjar , Abtin Heidarzadeh, Mahdi Shadnoush , Ghasem Sadeghi, Mohsen Dalband, Amir Reza Rokn, Hamid Samadzadeh, Ali Tajernia, Said Sai, Reza Masaeli, Gholamreza Heydari, Ali Yazdani , Behzad Houshmand ,
Volume 79, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background: The advent of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (so-called SARS-CoV-2) causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (so-called COVID-19) occurred in Dec. 2019 in Wuhan, China. Having an inconceivable worldwide contagion, the outbreak was labeled a pandemic by the WHO. Dental services and related professions (including dentists, dental assistants, dental hygienists and the personnel of cleansing, remedial, triage, dental laboratories, radiographic laboratories and other related paraclinicals), facing galore aerosol and droplets, are in the topmost risk groups exposed to the queer virus. This study was fulfilled to round up evidence-based data to break a link at any part of the virus transmission chain in dental services and related professions.
Methods: Relevant online databases, as PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar and TripDatabase were searched meticulously and evaluated for relevant published original research papers. Subsequently, to fulfill the investigation, ADA, CDC and WHO websites were reviewed to gain relevant guidelines and protocols. Consequently, 476 resources were included considering the canonical inclusion criteria. For the sake of quality assessment of the resources, an authentic checklist was exploited to score the resources from 1 to 15, wherein the admissible score was 10. After deliberation of resources, 366 of them were excluded and finally, 110 resources were selected and overhauled to attain a comprehensive perception on the subject of the investigation.
Results: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 includes direct transmission (via droplet and aerosol inhalation) and indirect transmission (via surface and instrument contamination), which can amply occur in dental services and related professions. Therefore, an all-inclusive evidence-based miscellany was rallied on several exigent topics, containing genuine esteem in reputable scientific authorities, to present a consummate report for the dental clinicians and related practitioners, working in the course of the running pandemic.
Conclusion: Contemplating the ongoing crisis, undertaking a set of miscellany elected guidelines and protocols, is indispensable in this vital interval of history to bridle the current pandemic, which has been abridged via this systematic perusal. |
Pegah Khales, Sara Minaeian, Ahmad Tavakoli,
Volume 81, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
COVID-19 is a major worldwide health concern that is linked to severe morbidity and mortality. In contrast to the majority of COVID-19 patients who experience moderate symptoms, about 5% of the patients experience serious manifestations such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, and fatal organ failure. Although pneumonia is the main symptom of COVID-19, other organs, such as the kidneys, might also be affected by the condition. Acute kidney injury is one of the most frequent extrapulmonary symptoms of severe COVID-19. Indeed, it has been suggested that COVID-19 affects the kidney as the second most common organ after the lungs. This is due to the fact that the virus attaches to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, which have significant expression in the kidney, before entering the host cells. It is important to follow up and monitor patients with COVID-19 for the occurrence of kidney damage, as timely treatment measures will lead to better clinical results and lower patient mortality. Even minor renal function impairment is a distinct risk factor for COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 infections can raise mortality for those with underlying renal disorders as well as make it more difficult to treat and care for them. It can also produce new kidney damage. Kidney tubular damage is the predominant symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection's impact on the kidney, with proteinuria as the primary clinical symptom. The pathogenesis of kidney and damage in COVID-19 patients is varied and complicated. In COVID-19 patients, the virus has the ability to infect renal tubular epithelium and podocytes directly, which is linked to Bowman's capsule protein leakage, acute tubular necrosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and collapsing glomerulopathy. Other causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients, including cytokine storm, lymphopenia, and macrophage activation syndrome, have been caused by SARS-CoV-2-induced immune response dysregulation. Interactions between organs, endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, sepsis, and rhabdomyolysis are considered other major AKI mechanisms. In the present review, we focus on the role of each of these factors involved in AKI in COVID-19 patients.
