Showing 7 results for Tehran
Mh Salari,
Volume 53, Issue 2 (5-1995)
Abstract
Pseudomembrane colitis (PMC) and antibiotic associated colitis (AAC) are acute disease of the colon. In the case of in adequate treatment, the disease will often become chronic and my lead to the dysplasia of the epithelial cells of the infected areas. Previously because of poor knowledge. Treatment in this case, one of the method for treatment was surgical ablation of the large intestine while the patients could have been treated with oral vancomycin. In this study the following results were obtained: Out of 2517 enterocolitis patients under study, 1384 were men and 1133 women. By anaerobic culture method, 132 cases C.Difficile were isolated from the total samples and Hela cell culture method, toxin was determined in 36 samples (1.43%).
Sadeghi Pour Roudsari Hr, Mirsadraee A, Effeat Panah M, Sarvari A, Dalilan M ,
Volume 60, Issue 2 (5-2002)
Abstract
Backgroud: Measles, as one of the most contagious diseases, because of the risks of mortality, mental and physical disabilities which may afflict on the patients, has always been so important to the scientists and researchers. With respect to burden of diseases, numerous measures have been taken to control and eliminate measles. In our country, vaccination is considered as the most important strategy to control the measles, however, the surveillance on the patients is on the second place. Screening (Active & passive), prompt and appropriate control of measles in high risk areas can help to control the disease.
Materials and Methods: There are 1375283 people with a variety of demographic traits who live in southern Tehran. Southern Tehran covering 10th, 11th, 16th, 17th, 19th divisions of Tehran municipality consists of high risk areas. Because of too many immigrants, overcrowded areas, malnutrition and poverty, the south of Tehran is considered as one of high risk areas, predisposed to measles epidemics. So in 1999, a cross-sectional study was done.
Results: On 230 subjects suspected to be measles in south of Tehran, 147 subjects were diagnosed as measles by para clinic evidence, 121 subjects of which were men. Most of these were of the age 20 to 24 years old who lived in the eleventh part of Tehran municipality area. The majority of patients were found among soldiers who lived in dormitories in Horr garrison and military training college located on the above-mentioned area. Unfortunately, most of them did not have reliable history of vaccination. Most of these patients had been in close contact with the colleagues who were measled (61.2 percent). The rate of measles incidence during winter soars at most.
Conclusion: The most important factor to be researched is that, the age of these patients differs much from what is expected, due to unknown reason.
Gharegozl Ki, Abbasi Siar F, Kolahi A.a, Bolhari J, Zaman Gh, Keyhanidoost Zt, Poortaherian P,
Volume 64, Issue 8 (8-2006)
Abstract
Background: Despite advances in medical science and modern technology, epilepsy remains as a stigmatized condition and negative public attitude toward epilepsy is a common phenomenon especially in developing countries such as Iran. It is the major factor causing serious social discrimination against people with epilepsy which in turn may be more devastating than the disorder itself. Thorough understanding of the knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy is essential to modify these negative attitudes.
Methods: We conducted a face-to-face questionnaire interview survey in crowd locations of Tehran in August, 2004-April 2005. A total of 1079 persons all more than 15 years old were asked to fill the questionnaire.
Results: Eighty eight percent of respondents had heard about epilepsy before, 42.2% of them knew one person with epilepsy. However, out of responses about the causes of epilepsy, 52/4% said it was caused by brain damage, 26.4% said it was an inherited disease,, 14.3% said it was due to fever, 34.8% believed stress as the cause of it and1.1% said evil spirits was the cause. 56.9% considered pregnancy to be appropriate for epileptics. 94% believed children with epilepsy could go to school and have normal education.
Conclusion: According to this survey, public knowledge and attitudes about epilepsy in study population is not satisfactory. It is suggested that additional efforts must be made to increase the knowledge of the general population through education programs especially among school children.
Salimi J, Nassaji Zavareh M, Khaji A,
Volume 65, Issue 14 (3-2008)
Abstract
Background: Trauma is the most common cause of mortality in the first four decades of
life. In our country, cardiovascular diseases and trauma are leading causes of mortality,
respectively. By gathering information on trauma mortalities, we can learn more about
causes, and that knowledge can lead to prevention.
Methods: This is a prospective descriptive study in Tehran during 12 months period (Sep
1999- Sep 2000). Two hundred and forty five trauma deaths in six hospitals were evaluated.
The data was collected through a questionnaire, designed in Sina Trauma and Surgery
Research Center (STSRC) used for the study. The questionnaires were completed by trained
physicians visiting trauma patients in emergency room and wards round the clock. Data
obtained included patient demographics, level of prehospital care, medical and operative
procedures performed in emergency rooms (ER) and wards (according to ICD-10 coding),
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and vital signs at time of presentation to emergency rooms,
Injury Severity Score (ISS), length of hospital stay and outcome of patients.
Results: Twenty and forty five (3%) of 8000 trauma patients was died. Mean age was 40.7
(±23.5) years old and 208 (84.9%) patients were male. The highest mortality rate was seen in
the age group of 25 to 30 years. Road Traffic Accident was the main cause of death
followed by falling with 174(71%) and 41(16.85), respectively. Among victims of road
traffic accident, pedestrians and motorcyclists were prominent with 119 and 28 cases
respectively. The majority of cases were dead due to head injuries (69%) and abdominal
trauma was the second cause with 19 (7.8%) cases.
Conclusions: Based on our findings the mechanism of injury have the positive effect on
trauma outcome .Traffic accidents and assault is preventable and must be attended.
R Afzalipour, Sr Mahdavi, H Khosravi, A Neshasteh-Riz, A Fatemeh Hosseini,
Volume 71, Issue 2 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background: Today, a CT scan examination play an important role in disease diagnosis and thus allocates a significant dose of medical X-ray examinations. One of the important principles in the use of ionizing radiations is to observe radiation protection principles. Evaluating patient's absorbed dose and implementing the strategies for reducing dose are prior in safety issues. To achieve this purpose, sufficient studies should be performed in this regard. Therefore, patient's absorbed dose and the factors affecting have been studied in this research. This study aims to present and develop an acceptable level of absorbed dose in CT scan examinations.
Methods: Diagnostic reference dose level in the adult age group (older than 15 years) has been studied in eleven CT scan centers in Tehran. For this purpose, CT scan examinations prevalent in above-mentioned centers were chosen and Weighted Computed Tomography dose index (CTDIw) and dose length product (DLP) parameters were studied. Standard phantoms with 16 and 32 diameters of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) origin have been used in the centers for CT scan calibration process. CTDIw third quartile has been considered as the diagnostic reference dose level (DRL).
Results: Rate of diagnostic reference dose in the adult age group (older than 15 years) for the head, sinus, lungs, abdomen and pelvis are 50.87, 38.27, 8.05 and 9.11 mg, respectively. Dose measurements made in this survey have been used to set up local DRLs and can be used as a template for national DRLs.
Conclusion: Value of diagnostic reference dose for the head examinations is more than the other parts and diagnostic reference dose in Tehran city in the Adult age group and the protocols compared is less than national reference dose.
Asiyeh Sadat Zahedi , Bahareh Sedaghati-Khayat , Sara Behnami , Fereidoun Azizi , Maryam Sadat Daneshpour ,
Volume 76, Issue 7 (10-2018)
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a combination of cardio-metabolic risk factors. Given that genetic factors have been shown to contribute to individual susceptibility to MetS, the identification of genetic markers for disease risk is essential. Recent studies revealed that rs780094 and rs1260326 of glucokinase regulatory gene (GCKR) are associated with serum triglycerides, plasma glucose levels and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of GCKR gene variants with metabolic syndrome and its components.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted from April to August 2017. In this study, 8710 adults (3522 males and 5188 females), over 19 years, were randomly selected from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) population. Based on joint interim statement (JIS) criteria, the subjects were divided into two groups: case and control. Genotyping was performed by HumanOmniExpress-24 v1.0 BeadChips (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA).
Results: Allele frequencies were in conformity with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Comparisons of allele frequencies by the Chi-square test revealed that frequencies of TT genotype of both polymorphisms were significantly higher among patient group than healthy group. Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, gender and CRP revealed that the GCKR polymorphisms (rs1260326: odds ratio 2.7, 95% CI 1.6-4.6, rs780094: odds ratio 2.5, 95% CI 1.5-4.2) were significantly associated with MetS. Frequency of TT genotype was more in persons who had C-reactive protein (CRP) levels above 3 mg/l. The minor T allele of both polymorphisms was significantly associated with increases in the blood serum concentration triglyceride and to a decrease in fasting plasma glucose levels.
Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that, rs780094 and rs1260326 common polymorphisms of the GCKR gene were associated with serum triglycerides levels, fasting plasma glucose levels, and metabolic syndrome in a sample of the Tehranian population (TLGS), as it was already confirmed the inverse effect of this polymorphisms on triglycerides and glucose levels in previous studies.
Amir Hossein Mardani, Mohamad Hasanpour, Shahla Khosravi , Alireza Parsapour , Amir Ahmad Shojaee ,
Volume 79, Issue 9 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background: The approach of medical ethics training courses at Tehran University of Medical Sciences to change the attitude and promote medical ethics knowledge of learners has challenges. This study aims to identify the challenges in teaching medical ethics at Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This is a qualitative study with semi-structured interviews conducted in April 2018 at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Using purposive sampling, 23 participants were selected from the clinicians and faculty members of medical ethics and medical students. Data were analyzed by the content analysis method.
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Results: The challenges of teaching medical ethics from the participant's point of view are classified into three themes: 1- Hidden curriculum 2- Necessity of completing medical ethics education program 3- Executive and managerial macro factors. The results showed that medical ethics training courses are not effective for changing students' behavior and their moral decision-making. There are substantial shortcomings in the current curriculum in terms of content, format, and implementation that make it unresponsive to ethical needs and concerns. Teaching medical ethics should be turned into a longitudinal theme. The duties and missions of the Department of Medical Ethics at the university are not well understood. The Department does not act as a strong executor and supervisor of medical ethics in interaction with higher authorities to pursue the requirements of effective ethics education and to ensure the implementation of ethical codes. There is no effective mechanism for evaluating the ethical performance of activists and students and giving feedback to them. There is insufficient organizational support for students' complaints and reports about the misconduct and unethical behavior of faculty or staff.
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Conclusion: The effectiveness and efficiency of medical ethics courses to change the behavior and attitude of learners are not acceptable. Dealing with the existing challenges requires the efforts of the Medical Ethics Department to make maximum use of available resources and interact effectively with other academic departments.
