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Pathologic study of thyroid nodules in children and young adult population up to 20 years, in cancer institute-Emam Khomeini Medical Complex during the years 1973 to 1997
Ensani F, Mozaffari K,
Volume 59, Issue 5 (9-2001)
Abstract
Nodules in the thyroid have always commanded a great deal of attention because of the fear of their being cancerous. The estimated incidence of thyroid nodules in children and young adults is about 0.22 to 1.8 percent. According to different epidemiological data, about 10 to 35 percent of thyroid cancers occur in the first two decades. The present study based on microscopic review of tissue slides obtained from thyroid nodules in cancer institute during 24 years focusing on malignant lesions in the mentioned age group revealed the following results: The average age of patients was 16.5. The female to male ratio is about 3.3/1 (76.7 percent female and 23.3 percent male). About 84 percent of thyroid nodules were benign with the following incidence of different morphologic features: nodular goiter 78.6 percent, follicular adenoma 1.96 percent, 16 percent of thyroid nodules were malignant with the following incidence of different morphologic variants: papillary CA 91.3 percent, follicular CA 3.5 percent and medullary CA 5.2 percent. Papillary carcinoma as the predominant from of thyroid cancer was accompanied by unilateral cervical lymph node metastasis in 53.8 percent of cases and distant metastasis (to lung) just in one case. According to major variation of papillary carcinoma, we found the classic type in 33 cases, the follicular variant in 18 cases and micro carcinoma in one case. Based on the above results once again we reach this belief that every thyroid nodule especially in children and young adults demands careful appraisal.
The effects of growth hormone administration on bone density in healthy adult rabbits
Ahrari Khafi Ms, Soroori S, Nakhjavani M, Mortazavi P, Vajhi Ar, Bahonar Ar,
Volume 69, Issue 1 (4-2011)
Abstract

Background: The effects of growth hormone (GH) on bone density in healthy adults is controversial. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of GH administration on bone density under controlled conditions in healthy adult rabbits.

Methods: Twenty healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes were included in the study. The rabbits were divided into two groups. The experiment group received human GH and the controls placebo for three months. The density of femur and humerus were measured at proximal epiphysis, mid shaft and distal epiphysis by radiography, aluminum step-wedge and appropriate software. Measurements were performed in five stages, once before and four times after the administration of GH or placebo, with 3-week intervals.

Results: The mean concentration of serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) increased significantly after GH administration (P<0.05) in the experiment group. Bone density generally increased in all regions except the distal epiphysis of femur in the test group, but significant difference were only seen in the midshaft of femur in comparison to the controls (P<0.05). In the second stage, bone density decreased slightly in all regions except distal epiphysis of femur, but it increased in the next stages.

Conclusion: GH can increase bone density (mostly cortical bone) in adult rabbits. According to the similarities seen between growth hormone effects in rabbit and humans, this study suggests rabbits as a model for studying GH effects on bone density in acromegaly, growth hormone deficiency and even in healthy adult humans.


Epidemiologic study of scald burns in victims in Tehran burn hospital
Kamran Aghakhani , Saeed Mohammadi , Amir Molanaei, Azadeh Memarian , Maryam Ameri ,
Volume 71, Issue 7 (10-2013)
Abstract

Background: Damages caused by scald burns are common and can cause severe complications and death. The purpose of this study was to define risk groups and then methods of prevention and treatment is designed to fit.

Methods: Data for this retrospective study of hospitalized patients in Shahid Motahari Hospital in Tehran from 2007-2011 were compiled. Data including age, sex, cause of burn, and degree of burn and ultimate fate of the victims were collected from scald burns. Burns caused by boiling water and hot food (Scald) , in two age groups : 12 and under 12 years ( children) and more than 12 years ( adults) were compared in terms of statistics .

Results: A total of 1150 patients consisting of males (57.9%) and females (42.1%) were studied. The most common age was 1 year old and 50% of patients were under 3 years of age. 87.9% burned with boiling water and 12.1% had experienced burns with hot food. Incentive to burn was 0.3% cross burning and 99.7% incident. A maximum number of burns in children 12 years and younger males (42.1%) and a minimum number in men over 12 years (15.7%) were observed. Mean percentage of burns was 11% in over 12 years group and 30.9% in 12 and under 12 years group. The average hospital stay was 11.4 days and the mortality rate was 4.8%. The final status of the patients was as fallows: full recovery 904 cases (78.6%), partial recovery 134 (11.7%), clearance with personal consent 41 (3.6%), death 55 (4.8%) and 16 cases (3.1%) were among other reasons.

Conclusion: In general it can be said, scald burns incidence in individuals aged 12 and younger were more than the older ones and the mean of burns was lower in individuals with over 12 years old. There was a sexual preference for males under 12 years. Mortality rate in the two groups has not any statistically significant difference. There was no statistically significant association between sex and mortality rate. Some of our findings are depending on cultural, social and economic conditions, so generalized this findings to other geographical areas should be done with caution.


Prevalence of endometrial cancer in young patients
Sima Kadkhodayan , Asieh Maleki , Malihe Hasanzadeh , Zohreh Yousefi,
Volume 76, Issue 5 (8-2018)
Abstract
Background: Cancer of the endometrium is the most common gynecologic malignancy in western and industrial countries, and is the second most common in developing countries, therefore it is of special importance. Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium is the most common type of uterine cancer. The prevalence of endometrial cancer in young women under the age of 40 in western country is very low and about 5 percent. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of endometrial cancer at age ≤40 years in our center during 4 years.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, all medical records of patients with endometrial cancer in Ghaem University Hospital, Mashhad, Iran was reviewed to identify women <40 years of age with endometrial cancer, over the course of 4 years, (from 2012 to 2015). The risk factors for endometrial cancer, such as obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO), infertility, and a history of cancer in the family or individual, were collected in each patient. Clinical features, histological type of endometrial carcinoma, and therapeutic action also were gathered.
Results: A total of 119 patients with endometrial cancer that was admitted in our genecology oncology center were evaluated. 19 patients (15.9%) were younger than 40 years old. 16 cases (84.2%) with endometrial adenocarcinoma and 3 (15.7%) had endometrial stromal sarcoma. The youngest patient was 27 years old and the oldest was 39 years. Seven patients (8/36%) had infertility and we don’t know about fertility condition in 3, because they were single. 12 cases (63%) were overweight (BMI≥35) and 6 cases (5/31%) had polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD). In 2 patients, there was concomitant ovarian and endometrial cancer. Histology report of both ovaries was endometrioid and both patients were overweight. Obesity, poly cystic ovary syndrome (PCOD) and Infertility were the most important risk factors for endometrial cancer in young patients.
Conclusion: The prevalence of endometrial cancer in young women under the age of 40 in our country is so higher than the statistics provided in industrial countries.

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