Showing 4 results for Antibiotics
Khorsandi Mt, Karimi Yazdi A, Dabir Moghadam P ,
Volume 60, Issue 4 (7-2002)
Abstract
Background: The role prophylactic antibiotics in otologic surgery continues to be debated and perhaps misused. Prior studies have provided conflicting evidence with benefits obtained from the use of prophylactic antibiotics in surgery for chronic otitis media.
Materials and Methods: The current study was designed to evaluate the role of prophylactic antibiotics in the wound infection and outcome of surgery for chronic ear disease. It was the authors' impression that there was no difference between topical and systemic antibiotics in such surgery. Patients who met the inclusion criteria (n=193) were randomly assigned to a topical treatment group or a control group receiving only intravenous antibiotics for 1 dose intra operatively and 3 dose there after. Patients were followed post-operatively and observed for clinical evidence of infection, graft failur and hearing status.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to the incidence of postoperative infection or graft survival.
Conclusion: The use of prophylactic antibiotics in surgery for chronic otitis media can be recommended as an alternative method.
Jabal Amely F, Malek Zadeh F,
Volume 61, Issue 1 (4-2003)
Abstract
In Vivo, after administration of treatment, concentrations of antimicrobial agents will reduce to sub-inhibitory levels (sub-MIC) and may therefore affect the properties of target bacteria. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the in vitro effect of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC) of ampicillin, gentamicin and nalidixin acid on morphology, growth, ammonium production and urease activity of proteus mirabilis. Proteus mirabilis is well recognized as an important urinary tract pathogen.
Materials and Methods: Several of its properties have been studied in relation to pathogenesis manifested in urinary tract such as urease activity.
Results: In the presence of ampicillin, long filamenteous cells was produced and the length of the cells was increased at the higher concentration of ampicillin. Sub-MIC of ampicillin and gentamicin affected the growth pattern and prolonged the lag-phase of growth. This affected was significant when gentamicin was used. Nalidixic
acid of 1/2 MIC greatly reduced the growth rate, while the lag phase was not
changed. In the presence of sub-MICs of ampicillin and gentamicin, the amount of
ammonium production increased. In medium with 1/2 MIC of ampicillin, the
ammonium production was 30 times of control, while the urease specific activity of sonicated cells did not show any significant changes.
Conclusion: It seemed that the antibiotics enhanced the cell membrane permeability for substrate and enzyme. Nalidixic acid didn't show any significant effect on ammonia production, and urease specific activity of proteus mirabilis. The results indicate that the sub-MIC of antibiotics can effect virulence factors of proteus mirabilis.
S Noorbakhsh , Sa Siadati , S Rimaz , S Mamishi , T Haghi Ashtiani , A Tabtabaei,
Volume 63, Issue 1 (5-2005)
Abstract
Background: Bacterial meningitis is one of the most serious infections in infants and children. Three organisms include S.PneumoN.meningH.Influ are the most common cause of meningitis in children between 2M-14y age.Etest is a new method for determination the MIC of some antimicrobial drugs in agarose .This method is useful for some organisms like as S .Pneumo N.mening H.Influsensitive Streptococcus and anaerobic aerobic gram negative.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study In 57 suspected meningitis children organisms isolated from blood CSF or other sterile boy fluid after culturing and antibiogram. .MIC of someorganisms detected by Etest method.
Results: Streptococcuswas the most prevalent ( 70%) and S.pneumon( 90% of all Streptococcus) H.infl 2%N.mening 4%and L.monocyt 6%(more than expected)Gram negative (Ecoli Klebsiella entrobacter and psudomona) 18%. There was significant difference (P =0.01)in type of organisms between age groups. S.pneumonia was more frequent in children > 2 year N.meningitis in>4yr old .Site of isolation :blood CSF (35.8*28.3%)other sterile site 18.4%concomitant positive culture in two site:17%.Mean age in Streptococcus was significantly different with Listeria (p=0.05) N.meningitis (p=0.04)H.influ (p=0.04).but no difference with StaphylococcusKlebsiella and E.coli Two type of H.inf were sensitive to Ampici or chloram both of them were sensitive to ceftiaxon. GBS were sensitive to PNC or Ampici Strep.nonAnonBnon- Cotrimoxazol>32mic/ml /PNC >256mic/ml/ Vanco>256mic/ml Strep.D: Cotrimoxazol>0.062mg/ml/ /PNC >0.016mic/ml/Imipenem>0.032mic/ml. Strep Pneumonia: All fo them were sensitive except 3 cases /Cotrimoxazol>2ic/ml /PNC =0.01mic/ml/Vanco>0.125mic/ m Vanco>0. 25mic/ ml/.Cotrimoxazol>2ic/ml / PNC =0.01mg/ml Vanco>0.125mic/ ml / Cotrimoxazol>2mic/ml /MIC-PNC >0.016mic/ml Therefore high dose of PNC is adequate for S.pneu because of Interm resistance to PNC All 3 N.menin were sensitive to PNCChloraCeftria and vanco Resistant to all drugs and high MIC for cefotaximeCIPRO>32mic/ml. E coli: Pseudomona Aerogenosa:: Ceftriaxon>256mic/ml/ /Genta>0.038mg/ml Imipenem>32mic/ml. Klebsiella only Sensitive to Cipro Staph .Aureous:Sensitive to ClindaCiproChloraResistant toCeftPNCand Cotri
Conclusion: Most type of N.meningitidisH.inf and S.pneumonia were sensitive to many drugs. Only minority of them were resistant to Ampicillin but sensitive to chloramphenicol and vice versa. limited number of pneumococcal resistance to penicillin is medium resistance( MIC:0.1-1) .we can treat this resistant type by increasing of penicillin dosage .The others were sensitive to all drugs. Therefore ampicillin and chloramphenicol are the drug of choice in empiric treatment of bacterial meningitis after neonatal period.
Pedram Ataee, Maryam Manouchehri , Masoumeh Abedini, Daem Roshani, Arman Malekiantaghi, Kambiz Eftekhari,
Volume 78, Issue 7 (10-2020)
Abstract
Background: Excessive and irrational use of antibiotics in the treatment of acute diarrhea has caused increased resistance to these medications. It is well defined that most cases of diarrhea in children do not require the use of antibiotics. This study was aimed to determine the status of antibiotic administration for treatment of acute diarrhea in children younger than five years. All who admitted at the pediatric ward of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj.
Methods: First, the study was approved by the ethics committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. The archived files of all children under 5 years with a positive history acute diarrhea who were admitted in Besat Hospital of Sanandaj during the period of 1 years, from May 2016 to May 2016 were reviewed. Demographic information such as age, gender, type of diarrhea, type of nutrition, type of the prescribed antibiotic, results of the stool and blood samples were collected and recorded in the questionnaire.In Stool samples the contained a large number of WBCs and RBCs along with high fever, Shigellosis were considered. The results were analyzed by SPSS software, version 23 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
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Results: A total of 1,029 cases were reviewed. 60% were boys. The highest incidence of diarrhea (75.5%) was observed at 12-24 months and the lowest rate of diarrhea was under 6 months (11.5%). The frequency of diarrhea was lower in winter than in other seasons. Only 31.49% of children received proper and rational treatment with antibiotics. The most commonly used antibiotics in hospitalized patients were ceftriaxone (94.5%) and before hospitalization was cefixime (39.5%). Based on the results of this study, it was found that 66.13% of children younger than 5 years with acute diarrhea had appropriate treatment. 31.94% of patients had inappropriate antibiotic therapy.
Conclusion: In most cases of acute diarrhea in children, no evidence of bacterial or parasitic infection was found. However, a high percentage of patients received antibiotics without laboratory evidence (stool testing).
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