Tehran University Medical Journal

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Background: Cough is one of the most common symptoms for which outpatient care is sought. Since, a few research evaluated efficacy and therapeutic effect of baclofen in remedy of cough (especially chronic cough), In this study we compared the efficacy of oral Baclofen 20 mg with Dextromethorphan to improvement of cough in two groups.
Methods: In this double blind randomized clinical trial, 120 patients with chronic cough (up to three weeks) that were referred to respiratory diseases clinic of Ali Ebn-e Abitaleb (AS) hospital in Zahedan, Iran at 2007 were randomly devided to two groups. 60 peoples in each, (baclofen recipient group with mean age 32.32±6.51 and dextromethorphan recipient group with mean age 31.54±5.06 year) were evaluated for qualitative decline of severity, period and duration of cough for 14 days.
Results: In baclofen recipient group 73.3% and in dextromethorphan recipient group 65% all patients had decline of severity, period and duration of the cough. Statistically, there were no significant differences between two groups in regard to qualitative decline of severity, period and duration of cough (p>0.05). Also, there were no drug related side effects in the patients.
Conclusions: Baclofen decreased severity, period and duration of cough more than dextromethorphan. Because there were no significant differences between two groups, we needed to do more quantitative researches to compare them.

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Background: As a psychoactive plant, Cannabis sativa (Marijuana) is widely used throughout the world. Several investigations have indicated that administration of Marijuana affects various cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors. These include anxiety-like behaviors and learning and memory deficit. It has been shown that three main cannabinoid receptors [i.e. CB1, CB2 and CB3 are involved in cannabinoids’ functions. CB1 receptors are abundantly expressed in the central nervous system regions such as hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum and the cortex. Therefore, the neuropsychological functions of endocannabinoids are thought to be more linked to CB1 receptors. Among other brain regions, CB1 is highly expressed in the amygdala which is an integral component of the limbic circuitry. The amygdala plays a major role in the control of emotional behavior, including conditioned fear and anxiety. In present study we examined the possible roles of basolateral amygdala (BLA) GABA_B receptors in arachydonilcyclopropylamide (ACPA)-induced anxiolytic-like effect and aversive memory deficit in adult male mice.

Methods: This experimental study was conducted from September 2013 to December 2014 in Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, School of Cognitive Sciences, Tehran and Male albino NMRI mice (Pasture Institute, Iran), weighting 27-30 g, were used. Bilateral guide-cannulae were implanted to allow intra BLA microinjection of the drugs. We used Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) to examine memory and anxiety behavior (test-retest protocol). ACPA administrate intra-peritoneal and GABAB agonist and antagonist administrated intra-amygdala.

Results: Data showed that pre-test treatment with ACPA induced anxiolytic-like and aversive memory deficit The results revealed that pre-test intra-BLA infusion of baclofen (GABA_B receptor agonist) impaired the aversive memory while phaclofen (GABA_B receptor antagonist) improved it. Interestingly, pretreatment with a sub-threshold dose of baclofen reversed and potentiated anxiolytic-like effect and aversive memory deficit induced by ACPA, respectively. Conversely, similar effect with sub-threshold dose of phaclofen showed that this drug only restored aversive memory deficit but did not alter anxiolytic-like effect induced by ACPA.

Conclusion: Data indicated that BLA GABA_B receptors have critical and different roles in anxiolytic-like effect and aversive memory deficit induced by ACPA.