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Showing 17 results for Birth Weight
Birth weight in Kohkilooyeh and Boyer Ahmad province, 1999
Goshtasbi Nasab A, Majlesi F, Rahimi A,
Volume 59, Issue 5 (9-2001)
Abstract
The newborn's weight at birth is an important measure for newborn's health in all communities. Among developed countries, 70 percent of low birth weight (LBW) newborns are preterm. The corresponding figure for undeveloped countries is only 30 percent, there are also evidence of intra-uterine growth retardation among these countries. Among effective factors on LBW, maternal related factors have important role in promotion and improvement of infants and mother's health. This study is a descriptive-analytic one and was conducted cross-sectionally through a questionnair. The study population determined by simple random sampling from newborns under coverage of urban health centers in Kohgiloye and Boyerahmad province. Necessary data collected from existing medical and health records filed in the health centers. Among 285 newborns, 88.4 percent considered with normal weight, 4 percent with IBW and 11.6 percent with more than normal weight. 7.4 percent of cases were immature. 85.3 percent of the mothers in study population were in immune range of age for pregnancy and 7.6 percent of them were illiterate. Except the sex of newborn (P=0.0008) and gestational age at birth (P<0.001) none of the variables demonstrated a significant statistical relation with the birth weight. The results of this study confirm other research's findings and reveal that with improving material factors such as mother's age, employment and literacy, the factors which are effective on birth weight, will be dependent on physiological factors such as sex of newborn and gestational age at birth.
Clinical Manifestations and mortality in neonatal septicemia Children Medical Center
Milani Sm,
Volume 65, Issue 2 (3-2008)
Abstract
Background: To identify the clinical manifestations and mortality rate among neonates with early- and late-onset sepsis.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records in Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences of 104 neonates (50 females and 54 males) diagnosed with septicemia and treated from September 1994 to August 1995. Diagnosis of septicemia was based on standard criteria. According to the time of onset of disease, there were 50 neonate with early-onset and 54 with late-onset septicemia.
Results: Of the clinical signs in the 104 patients, respiratory signs were found in 31 patients, poor feeding in 57, jaundice in 42, apnea in 25 and hyporeflexia in 25. Blood cultures were positive in 31 (34.8%) of the neonates: the most common species isolated was Staphylococcus aureus with eight cases, while five had Staphylococcus epidermidis, all of whom had a single species of bacterium isolated. Seventy-three (70%) had normal birth weights (equal to or heavier than 2500 g) and 31 (30%) were classified as low birth weight (birth weight less than 2500 g). Cerebrospinal fluid culture was positive in four (6%) of the patients, including one case of Escherichia coli, one Salmonella typhi, one Klebsiella, and one Staphylococcus aureus. The frequency of infection in male and female infants was 53% and 47%, respectively. Among the infants with early-onset sepsis, 16 (32%) were low birth weight. Overall, the mortality rate among these patients was 30%, including 18 out of the 50 with early onset and 14 out of the 54 with late onset sepsis. Of these infants, 23 had meningitis, including 13 (26%) with early-onset sepsis and 10 (9.6%) with late-onset sepsis. Among the low birth weight infants, the mortality rate was higher (42%) than that of the infants with normal birth weight (26%).
Conclusion: Because of the high mortality rate among low birth weight neonates with sepsis, we suggest that this group of patients should receive more care and there should be greater effort to ensure that they are treated with the appropriate antibiotics. Furthermore, all healthcare givers responsible for the management of neonates with sepsis should receive additional continuing education courses to ensure that they are aware of the risks, complications and mortality rate among these patients.
The effect of twin discordancy on pregnancy outcome
Niroomand N, Davari Tanha F, Kaveh M,
Volume 65, Issue 4 (7-2007)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this survey was to evaluate the prevalence of some perinatal complications in birth weight discordance (BWD) among twin pregnancies.
Methods: In a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study, 490 twin neonates (245 twin pregnancies) born at Mirzakoochakkhan Hospital from 1999 to 2003 were evaluated. Maternal and neonatal data of each delivery were collected for BWD, gestational age, maternal age, parity, infant gender, neonatal death, neonatal septicemia, mode of delivery, hyperbilirubinemia, blood transfusion and duration of hospitalization.
Results: The average age of the mothers was 26±4.78 years, of which 51.8% were nullipara. The average gestational age was 35.02±2.73 weeks, with 15.9% before 32 weeks of gestation. The neonatal death rate was 7.8%, the majority of which involved male neonates and multiparas. The average duration of hospitalization was 6.07±4.45 days, 8.5 days for those twins with BWD≥20%, and longer (9.14 days) for neonates with mothers younger than 20 years old. Septicemia was most frequent (31.3%) in twins with BWD of 30-34%, as was hyperbilirubinemia requiring blood transfusion (25%). Hyperbilirubinemia was more common in neonates with mothers aged less than 20 years and more than 35 years..
Conclusions: BWD in twins is a predictive factor for septicemia and hyperbilirubinemia requiring transfusion. Therefore, healthcare workers and hospital wards dealing with twins with BWD should be especially ready and equipped to provide the additional care needed for these patients.
A comparison between the growth trend of normal and low birth weight newborns during the first year of life
Nayeri F, Kheradpisheh N, Shariat M, Akbari Asbagh P,
Volume 67, Issue 4 (7-2009)
Abstract

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background: Low-birth-weight (LBW) children are at higher risk for failure to thrive. The aim of the study was to establish the trend of physical growth in Until now their growth was evaluated with normal birth weight baby's chart.
Methods: In this cohort study we investigated demographic characteristics and growth trend during the first of life 406 newborn divided into three groups: LBW (Low Birth Weight) n=103, VlBW (Very Low Birth Weight) n=20 and NBW (Normal Birth Weight) n=303. Body weight, length and head circumference were measured at the time of birth and several follow ups until 12 months of chronological age.
Results: NBW growth trend adopts the standard chart. Significant differences in terms of physical growth (weight- height- head circumference) were seen between the two groups of preterm (LBW & VLBW) and NBW children. Although it was demonstrated that growth velocity of preterm & NBW children were the same. Significant differences for weight was seen between VLBW and LBW group only until 6 months after birth. This difference was seen for height and Head circumference until the end of the first year of life.
Conclusions: VLBW and LBW babies need special growth charts. But the adjustment method of anthropometric traits to gestational age may be useful to evaluate LBW baby's growth.


Evaluation of perinatal and neonatal risk factors of children with cerebral palsy referred from health– care centers in north and east of Tehran
Farin Soleimani , Hossein Sourtiji ,
Volume 67, Issue 6 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of nonprogressive motor impairment syndromes with potentially different risk factors and causal pathways which is caused by damage in the very young brain. The etiology of CP is mostly unknown and the prevalence has not decreased in comparison to past decades, although many advances have occurred in obstetric and neonatal care. In fact, it seems that the prevalence might have even increased in term infants. The aim of this study was the evaluation of cerebral palsy risk factors in Iran to compare them with other countries.
Methods: In this case-control study, all one to six years old children who were referred to a rehabilitation center from Shahid Beheshti child-health-care centers during the years 2007–2008, with documented cerebral palsy for evaluation of perinatal and neonatal risk factors were enrolled in the study, with matched controls.
Results: 112 in the case and 113 in the control group were studied. The main factors associated with CP, were: preterm delivery, neonatal and postnatal seizures, Apgar score of zero to three at twentieth minute after birth, low birth weight, and multiple gestations. The majority of infants with CP were born at term and only 37.8% before 37 weeks.
Conclusions: Preterm birth, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and low birth weight were the independent predictors of CP in this population.

The relationship between salivary bacterial flora and adverse pregnancy outcomes
Sadeghi R, Rabiee M, Saderi H, Jafari M,
Volume 69, Issue 1 (4-2011)
Abstract
Background: Many studies have shown that periodontal pathogens are emerging as a risk factor for preterm delivery and low birth weight, but there are few studies about the relationship between other oral bacteria and pregnancy outcomes. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between salivary bacteria and pregnancy outcomes. Methods: This cohort study was performed on 300 pregnant women who were recruited from the prenatal clinic of Zeynab Hospital in Tehran during 2009-2010. The patients’ demographic and pregnancy data were recorded. Using samplers, saliva samples were collected about one hour after breakfast. Microbial evaluation was performed by counting the bacteria based on their shape and the Gram reaction. The studied bacteria were composed of gram-positive and negative cocci, gram-positive and negative bacilli, spirilla, spirochetes, yeasts, fusiform bacteria and actinomycetes. Results: The data on the bacteriological profile and pregnancy outcome of 243 out of the 300 eligible participants of the study were completed. Five cases (2%) had intra uterine fetal death (IUFD) while 238 (98%) delivered live infants. There was a significant statistical relationship between the mean of gram-negative cocci and IUFD (P=0.04). 10 cases (4.1%) of 243, experienced adverse delivery outcomes and 233 cases (95%) had normal delivery. The adverse pregnancy outcomes had a significant relationship with the presence of spirochetes in saliva (P<0.05) but this relationship was not true for the other bacteria. Conclusion: Some oral bacteria may pose a risk for premature deliveries and low birth weights.
The effects of temperature and birth weight on the transition rate of hypothermia in hospitalized neonates using Markov models
Akbarzadeh Baghban A, Jambarsang S, Pezeshk H, Nayeri F,
Volume 70, Issue 5 (8-2012)
Abstract
Background: Hypothermia is an important determinant of survival in newborns, especially among low-birth-weight ones. Prolonged hypothermia leads to edema, generalized hemorrhage, jaundice and ultimately death. This study was undertaken to examine the factors affecting transition from hypothermic state in neonates.
Methods:  The study consisted of 439 neonates hospitalized in NICU of Valiasr in Tehran, Iran in 2005. The neonates' rectal temperature was measured immediately after birth and every 30 minutes afterwards, until neonates passed hypothermia stages. In order to estimate the rate of transition from neonatal hypothermic state, we used multi-state Markov models with two covariates, birth weight and environmental temperature. We also used R package to fit the model.
Results:  Estimated transition rates from severe hypothermia and mild hypothermia were 0.1192 and 0.0549 per minute, respectively. Weight had a significant effect on transition from hypothermia to normal condition (95% CI: 0.1364-0.4165, P<0.001). Environmental temperature significantly affected the transition from hypothermia to normal stage (95% CI: 0.0439-0.4963, P<0.001).
Conclusion:  The results of this study showed that neonates with normal weight and neonates in an environmental temperature greater than 28 °C had a higher transition rate from hypothermia stages. Since birth weight at the time of delivery is not under the control of medical staff, keeping the environmental temperature in an optimum level could help neonates to pass through the hypothermiastages faster.


The relationship between CRL and PAPP-A measurements in first trimester fetuses with low birth weight
Nasrin Niromand , Fereshteh Gharib Pour , Nasrin Moghadami , Farahnaz Sadat Ahmadi , Batool Ghorbani Yekta ,
Volume 71, Issue 5 (8-2013)
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have suggested that impaired fetal growth are indicators that may be present in the first trimester. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between crown-rump length (CRL) and pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) measurements in first trimester for low birth weight (LBW).
Methods: This prospective cohort study were on 120 pregnant women in first pregnan-cy trimester, in Women's Hospital Mirza Kochak Khan in 2011-2012. Gestational age according to crown-rump length and gestational age according to last menstrual period (LMP), neonatal weight, small for gestational age, pregnancy associated plasma protein-A and low birth weight were recorded. Main outcome measures was weight and gestational age at birth. Statistical tests used included descriptive statistics, t-test, χ² and all tests were two-tailed and differences with P<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.
Results: Our findings showed that a total of 120 cases were included CRL Z-score and log 10 (MOM PAPP-A) were positively correlated with fetal birth weight. The mean Crown-rump length Z-score was significantly can be reduced in LBW in first trimester pregnancy. (P<0.001) Mean PAPP-A in low birth weight was (0.4±0.11 MOM), but in normal weight infants was (1.04±0.7 MOM). (P=0.011) also mean PAPP-A in pregnant women with SGA infants is significantly less than other pregnant women (0.5±0.2 versus 1.1±0.7) (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Our data suggest that crown-rump length and maternal levels of PAPP-A measured during the first trimester are independent factors that influence fetal birth weight. But their predictive powers are not sufficiently good for them to be used alone for low birth weight screening.

Developmental outcome of low birth-weight and preterm newborns: a re-view of current evidence
Farin Soleimani, Farzaneh Zaheri, Fatemeh Abdi,
Volume 71, Issue 9 (12-2013)
Abstract

Low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth are one the most important causes of death in the world and therefore are considered as one of the major health problems. Global statistics demonstrates an increase in the prevalence of low birth weight in the developing countries. Low birth weight infants are exposed to complications such as major neurosensory impairements, cerebral palsy, cognitive and language delays, neuromotor developmental delay, blindness and hearing loss, behavioral and psychosocial disorders, learning difficulties and dysfunction in scholastic performances. The majority of infant's death and developmental disorders were due to disorders relating to prematurity and unspecified low birth weight. Infants weighing less than 2500 g, is a major determinant of both neonatal and infant mortality rates and, together with congenital anomalies (e.g., cardiac, central nervous system, and respiratory), contributes significantly to childhood morbidity. Various studies indicate that low birth weight infants are suffering from physiological and psychosocial disabilities, two to three times more than the other children. At school age, preterm and low birth weight infants have poorer physical growth, cognitive function, and school performance. These disadvantages appear to persist into adulthood and therefore have broad implications for society. Although the survival rates have increased dramatically and the incidence of morbidities has decreased, the complications are still considered to be associated with economical and social burdens. Most children with Low birth weight suffer from multiple disabilities. Therefore, they need special and consistent care. On demand of reducing the infant mortality rate, the need to decrease the complications in low birth weight and preterm infants should be considered by the policy makers in health care system. In this review article, we assessed current evidences on developmental outcomes of low birth weight and preterm newborns.


The effect of massage therapy on weight gain and calories intake in premature neonates: a brief report
Elaheh Amini , Bita Ebrahim , Paideh Dehghan , Mohadeseh Fallahi , Samaneh Sedghi , Fereshteh Amini , Mamak Shariat ,
Volume 71, Issue 10 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background: Improvement of growth, nutrition and calories intake in neonates is derived by massage. Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trials settled in Vali-e-Asr Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) ward in 2012. The control group consisted of 19 infants who were not massaged on them. 15 infants in the intervention group received massage therapy for 10 days, three times a day by trained massage theurapist. Massage last 15 minutes and was done one hour after feeding. Massages were done in 2-7 days neonates. Weight gain, intake calories and oral feeding were compared between studied groups. Data was registered in SPSS v.18 and was analyzed via compatible statistics tests. Results: There were no significant different anthropometric measures at birth (weight-head circumferences and height) and gestational ages of delivery between two groups. Massages had no side effects on cases. Caloric intake at the end of 10 days (end of intervention) showed significant differences between the two groups (P=0.04). But no differences was shown for weight gain. Cases who received massage reached sooner to oral feeding but this difference was significant at 90% significance level (P=0.08). Conclusion: After 10 days, massage therapy increases oral nutritional intake but to find more accurate details requires further studies to be planned.
Comparing the size and weight of placenta and birth weight in normal pregnancy and gestational diabetes: brief report
Zahra Rahmani , Sedigheh Borna ,
Volume 72, Issue 10 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes can cause undesirable changes in structure of the placenta, re-sulting increase in size and weight of placenta. The aim of this study was, to investigate the placenta weight, size and birth weight of infants in pregnant women with controlled gestational diabetes compared with normal pregnancy. Methods: This study was conducted from October, 2012 to February, 2014 in two dif-ferent hospitals, Valiasr and Shariati Hospitals in Tehran. Sixty-seven healthy singleton pregnant and 42 pregnant women with diabetes were selected during 26-28 weeks of gestational ages. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed to evaluate blood glu-coses. Blood glucoses were controlled in diabetic cases very well. Length and width of the placentas were measured using ultrasonography during pregnancy. After termina-tion of pregnancy, placental weights were measured and recorded using weighting scale with 10 gram accuracy by someone who didn't know about diabetes status. Baby weights were measured after birth and initial stabilisation. Results: In this study, there were no significant differences between gestational diabe-tes mellitus (GDM) and healthy groups in Body Mass Index (BMI) factors. There was no statistically significant differences between the mean weight of infants born with gestational diabetes and control groups. There were no statistically significant differ-ences between the mean placental weights between two groups. Ratio of the placental weights to the birth weights between the two groups were not statistically significant. The mean placental length, width and placenta length times by width in two groups had no significant differences, but the mean gravidities in healthy group was 1.7910 and in gestational diabetes mellitus was 1.9762 that are significantly different (P=0.0217). The mean parities respectively were 0.6567 and 0.8100 which was not sig-nificantly different (P=0.0183). Conclusion: The present study has shown there was no significant differences between fetal and placental weights in normal pregnancies and women with controlled gesta-tional diabetes.
Evaluation of fluconazole effect in prevention of fungal infection and mortality and morbidity in very low-birth-weight infants
Nastaran Khosravi , Nasrin Khalesi , Samileh Noorbakhsh , Mazyar Tarkhani ,
Volume 74, Issue 4 (7-2016)
Abstract

Background: Fungal infections especially Candida species are frequent cause of mortality and morbidity in very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants receiving intensive care; Candida infections are tissue invasive. This infection increases the risks of adverse neurodevelopmental sequelae. Prevention and treatment of fungal infection is so important in very VLBW infants. The aim of this study was to determine the prophylactic effect of fluconazole in decreasing the mortality and morbidity in VLBW infants (less than 1500gr) admitted in NICU.

Methods: This prospective case control study were conducted among 102 Infants (weighing less than 1500gr at birth at born) admitted in NICU department of Ali Asghar University Hospital from 2012 to 2013, Tehran, Iran. Weigh of birth in cases and groups were less than 1500 gr and both were culture negative. Cases received oral fluconazole 3 mg/kg in 3 days in 1st and 2nd weeks, alternate day in 3rd and 4th weeks, daily in 5th and 6th weeks. Control groups had not received fluconazole. Mortality and morbidity and hospital stay were compared between cases and controls groups.

Results: We studied 49 very low-birth-weight infants with negative culture as cases (received fluconazole prophylaxis), 46 VLBW infants without fluconazole profilaxy (controls). No significant difference in gestational age (P=0.2), and mean weights (P=0.4) were observed between cases and controls. The mortality rate 8.7% (n=4) in controls (without prophylactic fluconazole) observed vs 2% (n=1) mortality rate in VLBW cases (with prophylactic fluconazole). Although the mortality rate in controls was 4 times higher than cases, but without significant differences (P=0.1). Indeed, mean duration of hospital stay in controls was longer than cases (28.41±9.93 vs 19.85±6.19 days, P=0.00001).

Conclusion: Although prophylactic fluconazole in VLBW could decrease the mortality of cases (control the fungal infection) 4 fold in compare with controls (no treatment), it was not significant. The prophylactic effect of fluconazole might decrease the length of hospital stay of VLBW neonates in NICU. Due to limited number of cases and control. For further decision about prophylactic use of fluconazole, prospective RCT studies with larger cases and control would be helpful in future.


Duration of kangaroo mother care and weight gain in very low birth weight preterm infant
Mohsen Haghshenas Mojaveri , Zahra Akbarian Rad , Zeynab Shafipour , Somayeh Alizadeh Rokni , Fatemeh Valizadeh ,
Volume 75, Issue 11 (2-2018)
Abstract
Background: One of the important effects of kangaroo mother care (KMC) in preterm baby is improvement in weight gain and so shortening in hospitalization, but it is not clear that how long of kangaroo mother care is effective in weight gain. The aim of this study was to determine the least effective duration of kangaroo mother care in weight gain in very low birth weights.
Methods: Preterm babies with birth weight less than 1500 gr, without chronic cardiopulmonary disease, congenital anomaly and other medical problem when receiving to 140 ml/kg/d enteral feeding enrolled the study. KMC was started when the baby has been stabled, on the mother’s appetency and ability at bedside. The mean daily weight gain in KMC period was compared with expected that (15 mg/kg/d) for the same baby. The babies with KMC≥ 7 days were divided in three groups on the basis of mean daily KMC duration (< 30 min, 30-60 min and> 60). Statistical study performed by using SPSS software, version 22 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA) and P values of less than 0.05 were considered to be significant.
Results: In this study, 103 preterm baby (47 boys, 56 girls) less than 1500 gr were enrolled, with mean birth weight 1107.85±190.87 gr. Mean weight gain of boys in KMC period and expected that were 324.78±162.66 gr Vs. 127.46±54.66 gr (P< 0.001). In eighty-seven babies who received KMC (7-40 days) mean daily weight gain was 26.69±15.55 gr (P< 0.001). Mean weight gain in KMC period for group with< 30 min (n=19), 402.63±126.29 gr Vs. 167.21±74.20 (P< 0.001), group with 30-60 min (n=54) were 338.79±182.60 gr Vs. 220.36±66.98 (P< 0.001) and group with 60< (n=14) 352.14±236.02 gr Vs. 259.96±112.23 (P= 0.09).
Conclusion: On the basis of this study KMC less than 1 hour per day is effective in weight gain of very low birth weight preterm babies.

The relationship between growth indices at birth and developmental status in infants aged 6 to 18 months
Farrin Soleimani , Zahra Bajalan ,
Volume 76, Issue 3 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background: Developmental and behavioral disorders are the most prevalent problems in children after infection and trauma. Growth and development are influenced by genetic, social and environmental factors that incept of the early life of the fetal and neonatal periods. Due to the importance of the development in children, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between growth indices at birth and developmental status in infancy.
Methods: This case-control study investigated 6 to 18 months old infants, who referred to comprehensive health centers affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from August to December 2017. The sample size in this study was 200 infants and the participants were evaluated in two groups of 100 subjects (developmental delay and normal development). Anthropometric indices at birth were collected from healthcare records, and developmental status was measured using the ages and stages questionnaire (ASQ). The developmental status of the children was measured in five domains, i.e., motor (gross and fine motor skills), problem-solving, personal-social skills and communication. A significance level was considered statistically <0.05.
Results: The mean age of the infants in the developmental delay group was 12.63±1.72 months and the mean age of the infants in control group was 12.68±1.69 months and 45.6% of children in the developmental delay group were female and 54.4% of children in the developmental delay group were male. The most prevalence developmental delay in case group was in the area of personal-social domain (26.9%) and the lowest prevalence developmental delay in the area of the gross motor (12.7%). No correlation was found between head circumference (P= 0.32) and height at birth (P= 0.11) and developmental status. However, there was a significant relationship between developmental delay in the area of the communication (P= 0.04) and gross motor (P= 0.02) with birth weight. Pearson correlation indicate a correlation between developmental delay in the area of the gross motor and birth weight (P= 0.01).
Conclusion: It seems that birth weight was a factor that is associated with developmental delay. In this study low birth weight correlated with developmental delay in communication and gross motor aspects of ASQ.

Intraveneous fluconazole in prevention of infection in neonates under 1200 grams admitted to NICU
Parvaneh Sadeghi-Moghaddam , Elham Farasat, Hosein Heydari , Zahra Movahedi, Mohammad Aghaali,
Volume 77, Issue 2 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background: With the increase in the number of premature neonates, there are concerns about the complications of this group. One of the common complications of preterm neonates is fungal sepsis. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous fluconazole on fungal sepsis and other complications related to premature newborns under 1200 g in a neonatal intensive care unit.
Methods: The study was conducted by field trial. The intervention included intravenous injection of fluconazole (3 mg/kg, twice per week for 6 weeks) in neonates weighing less than 1200 gr in the Izadi Hospital in Qom, Iran. The intervention was conducted on September 2016 in entire population of the study. The control group was retrospective and from neonates admitted to Izadi Hospital, which were hospitalized before intervention. The outcomes (such as the need for amphotericin injection, death, fungal sepsis, time taken to reach enteral feeding and length of stay) were compared between the two groups.
Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding their sex ratio (P=0.139), gestational age (P=0.834), type of delivery (P=0.841) and birth weight (P=0.458). After the intervention, fungal sepsis (from 65% to 48.3%) and the need for amphotericin injection (from 27.1% to 5%) were significantly reduced, and the mortality rate decreased from 40% to 28.3%, but this decline was not statistically significant (P=0.178). After the intervention, the length of stay in hospital (P=0.142) and neonatal intensive care unit (P=0.422), time to reach the weight of 1500 gr (P=0.717), and time taken to reach enteral feeding (P=0.289) did not change significantly. Proportion of pneumothorax, apnea, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity and need for respiratory support did not change significantly.
Conclusion: The present study showed that administration of venous fluconazole could reduce fungal sepsis in neonates weighing less than 1200 grams in the intensive care unit. However, this study failed to demonstrate the effect of fluconazole on death, pneumothorax, apnea and need for respiratory support.

Comparing outcomes of slow versus rapid feeding in premature neonates hospitalized in Al-Zahra hospital, Rasht
Seyedeh Zohreh Jalali, Sadroddin Mahdipour, Reza Sharafi, Fariborz Torkipour, Afagh Hassanzadeh Rad , Babak Moqtader, Marjaneh Zarkesh ,
Volume 79, Issue 10 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: one of the leading clinical problems for premature neonates especially with very low birth weight is the type and amount of feeding. The authors aimed to compare outcomes of slow versus rapid feeding in premature neonates hospitalized in Al-Zahra hospital, Rasht.
Methods: This is a clinical trial that was conducted on 62 premature neonates aged less than 35 weeks of gestation who were referred to Al-Zahra Hospital from April 2015 to April 2016. They weighed 1000-2000 gr at birth. Samples were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. The intervention included neonatal feeding with breast milk or formula with feeding advancement of 30 cc/kg/day which was compared with the routine method of slow feeding (20 cc/kg/day). Neonates were assessed until discharge or the occurrence of Necrotizing enterocolitis. Data were reported by descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percent, and analyzed by independent samples t-test and chi-square test in SPSS software, version 22 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA).
Results: All 62 patients finished the study including 31 neonates weighing 1000-2000 gr at birth in the intervention group and 31 neonates weighing 1000-2000 gr at birth in the control group. Neonates in the intervention group reached to full milk feeding of 150 cc/kg/day sooner (6.06±1.34 versus 9.45±2.39), return to birth weight faster (9.89±3.57 versus 12.9±6.46), had a lower duration of needing parenteral fluids (5.10±1.61 versus 8.86±3.81), and had a lower duration of hospitalization (9.97±4.03 versus 16.87±9.13) compared to controls. Results showed that there was no necrotizing enterocolitis in the intervention and control groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that initiating feeding by 30 cc/kg/day method shortened the duration of access to intravenous line and hospitalization and caused sooner discharge. Also, no adverse complication was noted. Therefore, it seems that further investigations assessing these methods can be help manage preterm neonates.

Investigating the relationship between the serum fat level of pregnant mothers and the birth weight of the fetus: a brief report
Abnoos Mokhtari, Zahra Honarvar, Nasim Shahnanazi ,
Volume 81, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: birth weight is associated with neonatal mortality and morbidity .In recent studies, fetal growth is related to the risk of developing type two diabetes and cardiovascular disease in later life. The mother’s nutrition and metabolism are major determinants of fetal growth. Some complications of low birth weight are hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, intrauterine death. Any substance or hormone that can cross the placenta may affect the fetal growth and birth weight, including the maternal lipid during pregnancy. The effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on neonatal birth weight has been documented. Lipids and amino acids usually are not considered in the clinical management of pregnancy because there is less known about the role of these nutrients in the well-being of the pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between levels of serum lipids in pregnancy and fetal birth weight.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 170 pregnant women referred to Kerman medical university clinics in Iran from March 2019 to April 2020. After explaining the objectives of the study and gaining informed consent from the individuals, the maternal lipid profile during the first trimester of pregnancy, was measured within the first visit through a sample taken from the maternal blood. Pregnant women were monitored during pregnancy, and the variables were measured (Age, BMI, weight, frequency of pregnancy, weight gain in pregnancy, lipid and blood glucose profiles). The results of the samples were analyzed using SPSS software, version 20 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA).
Results: The results indicated that the newborn weight increases with an increment in the maternal blood cholesterol (P=0.001) and triglyceride (P=0.001) levels. In addition, it was found that the increasing HDL (P=0.867) and LDL (P=0.803) levels of the pregnant women’s blood, does not lead to the birth weight increase of the infants.
Conclusion: Results of our study generally indicate that triglyceride and cholesterol levels are related to fetal birth weight. Studies with high sample sizes are recommended to investigate all neonatal weight gain variables.

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