Showing 35 results for Bone
M Jamali,
Volume 53, Issue 2 (5-1995)
Abstract
Different opinions exit in histological typing of bone cysts. Epidermoid cysts are very rare as the small numbers of published cases indicate. They arises following preceding trauma exclusively in distal phalanges and skull. The roentgenogram shows a round osteolytic resion with no trabecular pattern. We observed 2 cases of epidermoid cyst of finger in Imam Khomeini hospital central path department the patients were young workers complaining from local pain several months after trauma. Bone curettage was performed.
M Jabalameli , E Ameri ,
Volume 56, Issue 4 (7-1998)
Abstract
This paper represents a retrospective study of 142 patients with skeletal tuberculosis during the years 1350 to 1357 at Shafa Yahiaian Hospital. Confirmation of diagnosis is made by positive culture or pathology. The mean age of the patients was 27.5 years (range from 1.5 to 72 years). Most of the patients were in the second, first and third decade respectively. 45.3% of the patients were female. The spine was the most common site and was affected in 40.88% of the patients. The next sites were knee, hip and elbow, in order of frequency. The commonest site in spine was thoracic. The mean of sedimentation rate in the first visit was 48. Tuberculin skin test was negative in 23% of the patients. Evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in chest radiography was present in 48.61% of the patients. Five patients had tuberculosis osteomylitis without involvement of the joint.
F Tafaghodi ,
Volume 57, Issue 3 (6-1999)
Abstract
Bone age determination is one of the important radiological methods of diagnosis. However, unfortunately considerable misunderstanding is seen among physicians and even radiologists. This is due to a general lack of knowledge concerning basic concepts, normal variation and the areas choosing for X-Ray. Most of errors are attributable to ignorance of the expected range of normal bone development. A well-known atlas of wrist and hand by "Greulich and Pyle" is widely accepted because of its simplicity and low radiation exposure, but the bones of these areas do not necessarily reflect development of the skeleton generally. This method is more abused by referring physicians when they limit the X-Ray to the wrist region, which considerably reduces accurate assessment. In this paper, different aspects of subject, including assessment and clinical use of neonatal bone maturation, such as hypothyroidism, low birth weight babies, and respiratory distress syndrome are also dicussed.
Sargolzaei Aval F, Naraghei Ma, Tofighei H, Sobhani A,
Volume 58, Issue 2 (5-2000)
Abstract
Sex determination is the first step in identification of dead body and hip bone or its components are reliable in sex discrimination. The present study was done to determine the applicability of some osteometric parameters of human hip bone in sex identification. Sixteen different variables for the anterior border of 50 human hip bones from a skeletal collection were studied. Statistically significant difference were detected between means in relation to sex for four variables, including: distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle, distance from the anterior inferior iliac spine to the iliopubic eminence, distance from the anterior inferior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle and length of the notch between the anterior inferior iliac spine and the iliopubic eminence. These variables could be used for sex determination of the unknown human hip bones.
Akbarian M, Davachi F, Salim Zadeh A, Shahram F, Gharib Doost F, Tajy A H, Pajoohi M, Jamshidi Ar ,
Volume 60, Issue 4 (7-2002)
Abstract
Introduction: The bone mass density (BMD) may vary in different countries due to different genetic and environmental factors. This study was performed to determine the BMD of the normal population in Iran.
Methods and Materials: Subjects were selected randomly from different works and social classes in Tehran (from the lowest to the highest). For each decade and sexes, 20 normal subjects were selected (140 men and 140 women). BMD was measured with a Hologic 1000 plus machine by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method for the lumber spine (L1, L2, L3, L4, L1-L4) and the femoral neck (neck, trochanter, intertrochanter, ward, total). Data were treated by polynomial approximation (3 rd degree). The obtained curves were compared with the standard Hologic curves for Caucasians.
Results: In female the peak bone mass (PBM) was 1.019 g/cm² for the lumbar spine and 0.832 for the femoral neck. In male the peak bone mass (PBM) was 0.987 g/cm² for the lumbar spine and 0.907 for the femoral neck. The BMD of both lumbar spine and femoral neck were lower than the Hologic standards. For the lumbar spine the mean difference was 6.5 percent (2 to 21 percent, CI=1) for women and 13.8 percent (2 to 36 percent, CI=1.45) for men. In femoral neck the mean difference was 5.4 percent (2 to 16 percent, CI=0.96) for women and 4.6 percent (1 to 14 percent, CI=0.96) for men.
Conclusion: The BMD of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck was lower in Iranian compared to the Hologic standards for Caucasians. This was seen in all age groups and in both sexes. It was less pronounced for the PBM in spine was lower in men than woman. The lower BMD of the spine in men was also seen in a cohort of patients with different diseases (inflammatory and non-inflammatory).
Hashemi S J, Shohani M,
Volume 62, Issue 3 (6-2004)
Abstract
Background: Bone Marrow Transplantation is one of the most important therapeutic methods in much malignant and nonmalignant disease. Patients with Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) following radiotherapy and chemotherapy will suffer from immuno-suppression. Therefore they are susceptible to get saprophytic fungi infection that sometimes are killer.
Materials and Methods: The purpose of this cross-sectional survey is isolation of saprophytic fungi from patients with BMT and wards space and instruments. Therefore sampling from ventilator system (HEPA filter and common filter), air canal, air, hospital instruments and clinical samples (nasal discharge, sputum, urine) were done and cultured in sabouro dextrose agar with choloramphenicol (SC). In assessing total frequency from 4838 plates of wards space and instruments, 985 fungi colonies includes 21 genus were isolated.
Results and Conclusion: Most fungi colonies present were Penicillium , Aspergillus and Cladosporium and low present were Trichoderma ,Stereptomyses, Chrysosporium, Rhizopus.
F Sargolzaei Aval , A Sobhani , M Akbari , B Niknafs , A Hedayatpoor,
Volume 62, Issue 4 (7-2004)
Abstract
Background: In order to evaluate bone induction and repair in cranial bone defects by the use of combination of Octacalcium Phosphate/Bone Matrix Gelatin (OCP/BMG), this study was conducted.
Materials and Methods: We used 40 young male Sprague dawley rats (5-6 weeks age). A full thickness standardized trephine defect, 5mm in diameter, was made in the rat parietal bone and OCP combined with BMG was implanted into the defect. No OCP/BMG particles were implanted in control group that was otherwise treated identically. On the 5th, 7th, 14th, and 21st days after implantation, the rats were killed and bone samples collected. After processing the tissues by routine histological procedures, 5mm thick sections of bone were cut and stained with Haematoxyline and Eosin (H& E) and alcian blue and examined by light microscope.
Results: On the 5th day after implantation, inflammatory cells were seen around the implanted materials, especially around the OCP particles. A few clusters of cartilage cells were observed between the BMG particles in the central position of defects on the 7th day after implantation. On the 14th day after implantation, osteogenesis was seen at the margins of the defects. In addition to bone formation from the margins toward the center, interstitial growth of new bone tissue was seen around the implanted materials. By the end of 21st day, almost all of the OCP/BMG particles were absorbed and bone trabeculae, bone marrow cavities and bone marrow tissues were seen. In the control group, at the end of 21th day, a few areas of new bone were seen near to the defect margins and host bone, but much less than in the experimental group.
Conclusion: Therefore, implants of OCP/BMG appear to stimulate new bone growth in bone defects and these biomaterials could be used in the repair of cranial bone defects and injuries in clinical situations.
M Farzan, S.m.j Mortazavi , R Spar,
Volume 64, Issue 2 (4-2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Osteoblastoma is one of the rarest primary bone tumors. Although, small bones of the hands and feet are the third most common location for this tumor, the hand involvement is very rare and few case observations were published in the English-language literature.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we report five cases of benign osteoblastoma of the hand, 3 in metacarpals and two in phalanxes. The clinical feature is not specific. The severe nocturnal, salicylate-responsive pain is not present in patients with osteoblastoma. The pain is dull, persistent and less localized. The clinical course is usually long and there is often symptoms for months before medical attention are sought. Swelling is a more persistent finding in osteoblastoma of the hand that we found in all of our patients. The radiologic findings are indistinctive, so preoperative diagnosis based on X-ray appearance is difficult. In all of our 5 cases, we fail to consider osteoblastoma as primary diagnosis. Pathologically, osteoblastoma consisting of a well-vascularized connective tissue stroma in which there is active production of osteoid and primitive woven bone. Treatment depends on the stage and localization of the tumor. Curettage and bone grafting is sufficient in stage 1 or stage 2, but in stage 3 wide resection is necessary for prevention of recurrence. Osteosarcoma is the most important differential diagnosis that may lead to inappropriate operation.
Parvizi J,
Volume 64, Issue 8 (8-2006)
Abstract
Paget’s disease is a chronic non-metabolic bone disorder that is characterized by increased bone resorption, bone formation and remodeling. This unbalanced process may lead to osseous deformities, structural weakness and altered joint biomechanics all of which can make surgical reconstruction difficult. Although few patients with Paget’s disease ever require surgical treatment, successful surgical management of severe orthopaedic complications has improved the quality of life for these patients. Surgical options include osteotomy to restore long bone deformity and arthroplasty to correct altered joint mechanics. Patients are at increased risk for surgical complication such as blood loss and heterotopic bone formation. Issues relating to the surgical management of patients with Paget’s disease such as appropriate preoperative diagnosis, technical challenges of surgery, and strategies to improve the long-term outcome of surgical intervention are discussed.
Guity M, Saberi S, Moetamedi M,
Volume 65, Issue 1 (3-2008)
Abstract
Background: Simple bone cyst is a common benign lesion in the proximal humerus,
especially in prepubertal children. Up to 75 percent of patients with the bone cyst have a
pathologic fracture and the most significant complication is recurrent pathologic fracture.
Since the process of spontaneous healing of these fractures is rare, treatment is required.
Ideal treatment for simple bone cyst should stabilize pathologic fractures, assist healing
and provide a quick return to normal activity with reduced complication and recurrence.
Methods: In this descriptive case series study, 24 patients with simple bone cysts of the
humerus were selected for retrograde flexible intramedullary nailing from the lateral
cortex of the distal humerus, since 2000 to 2005 at Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran.
The mean age of the patients was 14.4 years, ranging from 6-39 years. Results were
evaluated by plain radiography using the classification system of Capanna et al.
Results: The mean duration of follow up for 23 of the patients was 31 (9-51) months.
One patient with short-term of follow-up was excluded. Of these patients, 91.3% were
healed either completely (65.2%) or with residual minor defect (26.1%). Only one cyst
(4.3%) persisted with no response to treatment and one patient (4.3%) had a recurrence of
the cyst. However, there was no instance of recurrent pathologic fracture among these
patients.
Conclusion: This study shows that flexible intramedullary nailing is an effective
treatment for humeral simple bone cysts that reduces the chance of complication,
recurrence of cyst or pathologic fracture. This technique provides sufficient stability for
quick return to normal activity.
Esfahani A, Iravani M, Khoshnyat M, Ghoreishi Z, Shamshiri A R, Moghadam Z, Jahani M, Ghavamzadeh A,
Volume 65, Issue 5 (8-2007)
Abstract
Background: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the treatment of choice for many patients with malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Long-term complications such as osteoporosis should be considered, because it is directly associated with the morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to assess the bone mineral density after allogenic or autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with leukemia or lymphoma.
Methods: We prospectively investigated 63 patients undergoing BMT for acute and chronic leukemia and lymphoma. At the end of the study, a total of 28 patients were assessed. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured prior BMT, and 6 and 12 months after BMT. Osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase and C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen (ICTP) were assessed. Serum concentration of calcium, phosphorous, vitamin D, PTH and sex hormones (FSH, LH, testosterone and estradiol) were also measured.
Results: There was a significant decrease in the bone mineral density of the femoral neck six months after BMT (p<0.001), 1.01±0.13g/cm² prior to BMT and 0.96±0.13 g/cm² at six months, but no considerable changes were seen in lumbar vertebrae. Bone loss between the 6th and 12th months was not observed. The levels of ICTP and phosphorus increased significantly by the 12th month (p=0.04). The level of calcium was higher at the 6th month (p=0.002) but the level of vitamin D and PTH decreased by the end of the study (p=0.04 and p=0.01, respectively) and the average of osteocalcin did not increase significantly. In women, the level of estradiol decreased by the 6th month (p=0.01), but the testosterone changes were not significant.
Conclusion: The risk of bone loss in both allogeneic and autologous BMT is higher in the femoral neck than the lumbar vertebrae, occurring mainly in the first six months after BMT. Preventive and clinical procedures should be considered.
Darabi M.a, Mireskandari S.m, Sadeghi M,
Volume 65, Issue 6 (9-2007)
Abstract
Background: Invasive procedures such as bone marrow aspiration in children with oncologic malignancies are painful and may produce anxiety for both patients and their parents. Various pharmacologic treatments have been used to sedate children undergoing bone marrow aspiration. This prospective randomized study was designed to compare the effectiveness of these combinations, as well as their associated hemodynamic and respiratory side-effects and recovery in pediatric patients undergoing bone marrow aspiration.
Methods: Fifty children with oncologic malignancies whose ages ranged between 2-12 years were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly assigned either to the Propofol- Alfentanyl group or the Midazolam- Ketamine group for analgesia and sedation during bone marrow aspiration in the operating room. Time to induce sedation, sedation score and recovery time were recorded.
Results: There were no statistical differences between groups in weight, age, sex and duration of procedures. Procedures were completed with satisfactory sedation levels in all patients in the study groups according to the modified Ramsay score. Induction and recovery times in the Propofol- Alfentanyl group were significantly shorter than in the Midazolam- Ketamine group (p<0.001). After Midazolam- Ketamine sedation, a statistically significant increase in systolic blood pressure and heart rate were seen, however the opposite was observed after Propofol- Alfentanyl sedation. Other side effects, such as nausea and vomiting, agitation myoclonus and aspiration, were not seen in our patients.
Conclusion: Both Propofol- Alfentanyl and Midazalam-Ketamine combinations can be used safely and effectively for sedation and analgesia during bone marrow aspiration in the pediatric patient group.
M Soleimani, S Nadri , R Izadpanah ,
Volume 66, Issue 4 (7-2008)
Abstract
Background: MSCs have been isolated from a variety of mammals by the plastic adherence method. However, this method can be problematic due to the unwanted growth of hematopoietic cells and non-MSCs. The potential of MSCs to differentiate along multiple lineages is the key to the identification of stem cell populations in the absence of molecular markers. In the present study, we describe a homogeneous population of MSCs from mouse bone marrow isolated using an improved plastic adherence method that employs frequent medium change (FMC) at the initial hours of harvested bone marrow cell culture.
Methods: Balb/c mice were sacrificed and whole bone marrow cells were aspirated from the femur and tibia and then cultivated in six-well plates. After 3-4 hours of culture, old medium was removed and fresh medium was added. FMC was performed every eight hours over a 72 hour period. When primary cultures became nearly confluent, the first passage was performed. These cells were then used for further examination. To investigate their mesenchymal nature, the cells were allowed to differentiate into mesenchymal lineages and examined at each passage up to the tenth passage for surface antigens by flow cytometry.
Results: We achieved purified populations of fibroblast-like cells in the two weeks after culture initiation. The cells were capable of differentiating into osteocytes and adipocytes. Isolated MSCs were reactive to the CD44, Sca-1, and CD90 cell surface markers. MSCs were negative for hematopoietic surface markers such as CD34, CD11b, CD45, CD31, CD106, CD117 and CD135.
Conclusions: This protocol provides an efficient isolation of homogeneous populations of MSCs from mouse bone marrow.
Mortazavizadeh Smr, Owlia Mb, Mehrpoor G,
Volume 67, Issue 1 (4-2009)
Abstract
Background: Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome (RSDS) is a rarely described complication which characterized by pain, edema, movement and vasomotor disorders, trophic changes in the skin and patchy demineralization of bone in extremities. There are numerous risk factors such as trauma, surgery, myocardial infraction and drugs. Cyclosporine (CsA) is one of the drugs which can induce RSDS.
Case report: Herein we described a 33- years old man (known case of ALL) with severe painful and edematous extremities, which was being treated with cyclosporine because of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) after bone marrow transplantation. His laboratory tests were normal except for AST and ALT. With impression of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome triple-phase bone scan was done, Increased uptake and delayed wash-out in vascular and bony phase is considered typical for RSDS. Due to clinical and triple-phase bone scan findings the diagnosis was established. Symptoms of RSDS improved when CsA was discontinued.
Conclusion: According to this case report and the other ones, Cyclosporine should be considered as the etiology of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome.
Farahvash Mr, Yegane Ra, Farahvash B, Sheidaeian M, Masoomi M,
Volume 67, Issue 3 (6-2009)
Abstract
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Background: Trauma is the 2nd cause of mortality in Iran, after cardiovascular
diseases. In traumatic patients, head and neck and face skeletal fracture is
common. The most common facial fracture is mandible fracture and the least
common is frontal fracture. Complications due to orbital fracture are more
devasting than the other fractures in face.
Methods: These descriptive cross sectional studies are designed on 92 patients with
orbital fractures in a referral educational trauma center, Imam Khomeini
hospital, Tehran, Iran. Sample size was the patients
who referred to this hospital with orbital fracture during the ten years period
(1986-2000).
Results: In this study 74 patients were male and 18 patients were female. Mean age
of patients was 30 years. The most common cause of orbital fracture was motor
vehicle accident which was seen in 38 patients.46 patients had fracture in left
orbit and 44 patients in right. Isolated orbital fracture was seen in 38
patients and 54 patients had concomitant trauma and fracture in the other
organs. Management of orbital fracture was reduction of displaced bone fragment
and fixation for osteosynthesis. The most common methods for osteosynthesis was
fixation with miniplate which used in 53 patients and then reconstruction of
orbital floor and roof with autologus bone graft. The most common complications
due to orbital fracture was related to eyes that were seen in 20 patients.
Conclusion: Face
fractures are a piece of all problems in multiple trauma patients as the tip of
iceberg. Concomitant injuries are the concealed part of this iceberg. Early
detection of orbital fracture and immediate treatment that prevent the future
complications and deformities due to orbital fractures.
Larijani B, Alimadadi A,
Volume 68, Issue 9 (12-2010)
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized with reduced bone density and destruction of the bone structure. The ideal treatment aims to reduce the risk of fracture while improving the density and structure of the bone. Parathormone (PTH) and its main analogue triparatide (rhPTH [1-34]) is a new class of anabolic medications which accelerates the healing process in the fractured bone through improving bone formation and therefore is used for treating severe osteoporosis. The present review article was designed to report the history, different types, anabolic and catabolic effects, complications, indications and contraindications of the hormone.
Keyhani Doost Z, Moayyeri H, Khosroshahi N, Molatefi R,
Volume 68, Issue 10 (1-2011)
Abstract
Background: Epilepsy is a common disease in the pediatric neurology. There are frequent
anti-epileptic drugs which are used in management of epilepsy. Anti-epileptic
drugs may have some complications on bone and vitamin-D
metabolism. In this study we aimed to evaluate vitamin-D
metabolism in epileptic children.
Methods: The study was a prospective and cross sectional one. A
total 89 epileptic children who were taking
anti-epileptic drugs for longer than six months with no underlying disorder in
Imam Khomeini and Bahrami Hospitals in Tehran,
Iran were
enrolled in our study
Results: Forty nine boys and 40 girls were enrolled
in this study mean age of the patients was 7.8±2.1
years. Mean duration of anti-epileptic drug therapy was 2.3
years (SD=0.4), 70
of patients were under monotherapy and 19 were
under polytherapy. None of the patients had signs of rickets. Serum calcium and
phosphor levels were within normal ranges. Serum alkaline phosphates levels
were increased more than two times in 43%.
42% had vitamin-D
deficiency (25-OH Vit D<10
ng/ml) and another 33% had vitamin-D
insufficiency (10<25-oh Vit
D<20 ng/ml). 29
patients (32%) were taking
prophylactic supplemental Vit
D (200-400 IU/day). There was
significant difference between patients taking supplemental vitamin-D
as prophylaxis and patients who did not (p=0.04).
There was no significant difference in vitamin-D
levels between patients according to age, gender or different drugs.
Conclusion: Periodic measurement of 25-hydroxy vitamin-D is
recommended in epileptic children taking anti-epileptic dugs. Supplemental
vitamin-D administration in such
patients may be helpful.
Ahrari Khafi Ms, Soroori S, Nakhjavani M, Mortazavi P, Vajhi Ar, Bahonar Ar,
Volume 69, Issue 1 (4-2011)
Abstract
Background: The effects of growth hormone (GH) on bone density in healthy adults is controversial. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of GH administration on bone density under controlled conditions in healthy adult rabbits.
Methods: Twenty healthy adult New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes were included in the study. The rabbits were divided into two groups. The experiment group received human GH and the controls placebo for three months. The density of femur and humerus were measured at proximal epiphysis, mid shaft and distal epiphysis by radiography, aluminum step-wedge and appropriate software. Measurements were performed in five stages, once before and four times after the administration of GH or placebo, with 3-week intervals.
Results: The mean concentration of serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) increased significantly after GH administration (P<0.05) in the experiment group. Bone density generally increased in all regions except the distal epiphysis of femur in the test group, but significant difference were only seen in the midshaft of femur in comparison to the controls (P<0.05). In the second stage, bone density decreased slightly in all regions except distal epiphysis of femur, but it increased in the next stages.
Conclusion: GH can increase bone density (mostly cortical bone) in adult rabbits. According to the similarities seen between growth hormone effects in rabbit and humans, this study suggests rabbits as a model for studying GH effects on bone density in acromegaly, growth hormone deficiency and even in healthy adult humans.
Mousavi Gh, Mohajeri D, Rezaie A, Valilu M, Alimohamadi A,
Volume 70, Issue 2 (5-2012)
Abstract
Background: Bone remodeling has always been the goal of surgeons for a long time. Recently, it was shown that statins that are commonly prescribed for lowering cholesterol also have beneficial effects on bone healing. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the probable effects of atorvastatin on osteogenesis in the rat femur.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 30 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The animals were divided randomly into one control and two experiment groups. After induction of anesthesia, a hole of 2 mm in diameter was made in femur width. The control group received physiological serum but the experiment groups one and two, respectively, received 10 and 20 mg/kg/PO of atorvastatin on daily basis. After euthanizing the rats, histopathological and histomorphometrical evaluations of the bones were performed 45 days after the intervention.
Results: In the control group, the defects seemed to be filled with woven bone and bone marrow, depictive of a poor osteogenic activity. In the experiment groups, many osteoblast groupings and young bone trabeculae had been formed and bone trabeculae were more organized. Histomorphometric results, showed that atorvastatin had significantly promoted bone healing in the experiment groups compared with the controls (P<0.001). Moreover, the analysis showed that atorvastatin had more significant effects in group three receiving high doses of the medication in comparison with group two (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that atorvastatin is capable of stimulating osteogenesis in rats.
Hashemi Zs, Forouzandeh Moghadam M, Soleimani M, Hafizi M, Amirizadeh N,
Volume 70, Issue 2 (5-2012)
Abstract
Background: Bone Marrow Transplantations (BMT) are limited by low CD34+ cell counts in umbilical cord blood (UCB) and these cells need to be expanded for success in such procedures. To achieve this goal, ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by enhancing their self-renewal activity on demineralized bone matrix (DBM) scaffold coated with mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) and unrestricted somatic stem cells (USSCs) was recommended. TGF-b pathway is a key inhibitory factor for HSCs self-renewal. In this study ex vivo expansion and downregulation of TGF-b pathway were simultaneously performed.
Methods: USSC cells were isolated from UCB and then coated on DBM scaffold as a feeder layer. UCB CD34+ cells were isolated from UCB by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) method and were transfected by siRNA against TGFbR2 in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures by co-cultivation with USSC. TGFbR2 expression levels were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell count and flow cytometry were performed and clonogenic activity was evaluated.
Results: Ex vivo expansion of CD34+ cells was significantly enhanced (41±0.7 folds) by TGFbR2 downregulation, especially in 2D than 3D cultures. Finally, 2D culture showed less TGFbR2 expression levels and higher increase in the percentage of CD34 markers by flow cytometry assay.
Conclusion: The 3D siRNA delivery system would be of lower efficiency in contrast to 2D settings where the cells have less freedom and are in more contact with the feeder layer.
