Behdani M, Hosseininejad Chafi M, Zeinali S, Karimipour M, Khanahmad Shahreza H, Ghasemi P, Asadzadeh N, Ghamnak A, Pooshang Bagheri K, Ahari H, Shahbazzadeh D,
Volume 68, Issue 5 (8-2010)
Abstract
Background: Scorpion envenomation is considered as one of the Public Health problems in some countries in the world including Iran. Annually, approximately 30,000 scorpion stings happen in Iran from which 12% belongs to Hemiscorpius lepturus (special small closely spaced, bead-shaped jointed tail, similar in the shape to a cows tail, and is locally called ‘‘gaodim'' (Gao, cow dim, tail)) with 95% mortality. The main treatment is antiserum therapy which is produced in horse and is the only way to neutralize the venom. Due to the anaphylactic shock of the horse antiserum in some of the stung patients other source of antiserum is recommended. In this study the ability of produced camel antiserum in neutralizing the scorpion venom of Hemiscorpius lepturus was performed in Balb/c model.
Methods: Camel is an animal model that genetically is compatible with human genome utilized in this research to produce antiserum against scorpion venom. Two camels were used for immunization with the venom of Hemiscorpius lepturus. ELISA method was used to confirm the immunity. Antiserum was produced and used for neutralizing test. The precipitated antiserum with saturated ammonium sulfate (SAS) was also used to perform the neutralizing test in mice.
Results: The results indicated that the amount of 200 µl of antiserum and 400 µl of SAS antiserum were able to neutralize the amount of 1 LD100 of the venom and the survived the mice from death.
Conclusion: The result indicated that camel antiserum against scorpion venom is capable to neutralize the crude venom in mice model. Due to the safety of camel serum in human, it is suggested that the produced antiserum in camel can be substitute with the traditional horse antiserum in scorpion stung patients.
Hajarossadat Ghaderi , Zahra Noormohammadi, Mahdi Habibi-Anbouhi , Fatemeh Kazemi-Lomedasht , Mahdi Behdani,
Volume 79, Issue 4 (7-2021)
Abstract
Background: SLC39A6 Protein (solute carrier family 39) or LIV-1 is a zinc transporter protein that is overexpressed in positive estrogen cancers such as breast cancer. The LIV-1 protein transfer zinc into the cytoplasm through the plasma membrane. Today it is known that just as a decrease in the concentration of zinc in the cell can cause cancer, an excessive increase in the concentration of zinc can also stimulate irregular cell division and caused cancer. Thus, inhibition of zinc transporter protein may play a role in preventing malignancies and metastasis. It can also be used as a diagnostic marker in the diagnosis of cancers in various laboratory methods. The present study was performed to prepare a polyclonal camel antibody for the detection of LIV-1 protein at the cell surface.
Methods: This study was started in the Pasture Institute of Iran in 2018 September and finished in February 2020. An expression construct containing the human LIV-1 gene was prepared and transferred to the E.coli BL21 by chemical (CaCl2) and heat shock method. The expression of the protein was induced by IPTG and then protein was purified by affinity (Ni-NTA) chromatography. After preparing recombinant protein one female camel was immunized, 6 times at two weeks intervals with Freund's adjuvant. After immunization, the isolated polyclonal antibody was evaluated by ELISA, western blotting and flow cytometry in the detection of LIV-1 protein.
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Results: The result showed that LIV-1 protein was well purified and also the camel polyclonal antibody was able to detect LIV-1 protein in ELISA, western blot and also it can detect LIV-1 on the cell surface as shown by flow cytometry test.
Conclusion: In recent years, LIV-1 has been shown to be a good candidate as a marker in breast cancer, so polyclonal antibodies against LIV-1 can be used for early detection of breast cancer by various diagnostic methods. In this study, it has been shown that polyclonal camel antibodies can be used in laboratory methods and can be considered for immunological tests and therapeutic applications.
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