Showing 10 results for Candidiasis
Afsarian Smh, Zaini F, Kordbacheh P, Mahmoudi M, Rezaii S, Safara M,
Volume 64, Issue 12 (11-2006)
Abstract
Background: I Infections due to Candida spp. have increased dramatically in recent years through a rising number of predisposing factors and immunocompromised hosts. Although Candida albicans is the most prevalent and important causative agent of Candida infections, the importance of C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii and C. kefyr have increased significantly as they tend to be more resistant to antifungal agents. Therefore, it is critical that infecting Candida spp. be identified and considered. Furthermore, clinical laboratories may need to expand their yeast identification capabilities in order to facilitate rapid identification of clinical yeast isolates.
Methods: In a discroptive – analytic study, the patients suspected of candidiasis were sampled. Direct examination and culture was carried out for all specimens. The isolated yeast colonies were then identified using various different tests such as culture on corn mealagar tween-80, CHROMagar Candida, and assimilation test by API 20C AUX kit.
Results: In the present study, 304 yeast colonies were isolated from referral patients to mycology laboratory of 304 isolated colonies 204 were identified as C. albicans and 100 were identified as non albicans candida as follow 35% C. parapsilosis, 32% C. tropicalis, 8% C. glabrata, 8% C. kefyer, 6% C. krusei, 3% C. guilliermondii, 3% C. famata, 3% C. lusitaniae, 1% C. zeilanoides and 1% C. homicola. C. parapsilosis was the most frequent species. The result showed that clinical specimens were obtained from various infected sites of body and nail samples (59 cases) were found to be the most frequent among those specimens.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our results suggest that no single phenotypic test has proven to be highly effective for definitive identification. Moreover since these organisms can vary greatly in their susceptibility to the current antifungal agent and causing significant patient management problem therefore evaluation of susceptibility of these isolates against antifungal drugs is need to be investigated.
Ashrafinia M, Behdani R, Komijani Z,
Volume 65, Issue 5 (8-2007)
Abstract
Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis, the most common type of vaginitis, is usually caused by Candidia albicans. Patients experience a variety of symptoms. There are many types of vulvovaginal candidiasis with various microbial causes, symptoms, host circumstances, recurrence rates, and responses to treatment. The purpose of this study was to find the best method of treatment of complicated vaginitis as determined by its high prevalence, varying symptoms and signs and patient complaints.
Methods: In this open clinical trial without placebo control, we studied all patients aged 18 to 65 years, suffering from vaginitis symptoms that presented at the gynecological clinic of Arash Hospital, Tehran, Iran, during the year 2004. After obtaining informed consent, we assessed the response to a treatment of single 150 mg dose of fluconazole in one group, and sequential 150 mg doses of fluconazole in the other. The analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software (version 11).
Results: With regard to symptom severity, no significant difference was found between the groups. The rate of excoriation and fissure formation demonstrated significant difference between the two groups (p=0.048). Assessment of clinical and mycological response proved that patients with severe vaginitis treated with sequential doses of fluconazole had a better general status than those in the other group. The difference between the severity of vaginitis and positive response to the treatment in culture was not significant among patients with recurrent vaginitis.
Conclusion: Patients with mild to moderate recurrent vaginitis show better response to treatment. The high rate of positive culture on day 35 reconfirms the limitation of fluconazole and other azoles as fungistatic drugs.
Mahmoudi Rad M, Zafarghandi As, Amel Zabihi M, Mirdamadi Y, Rahbarian N, Abbasabadi B, Shivaei M, Amiri Z,
Volume 67, Issue 9 (12-2009)
Abstract
Normal
0
false
false
false
EN-US
X-NONE
AR-SA
MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
Background: Vulvovaginal
candidiasis is a fungal disease with itching, and vaginal thick white
discharge. Most of
non-albicans species have less sensitivity to azoles. So, definition of candida species which lead to vulvovaginal candidiasis is very important to perfect
usage of drugs. In the present study 191 Candida isolates from 175 patients who admitted in Gynecology department of
Mahdieh Hospital during the period 1385-1387 were identified by multiplex PCR.
Methods: One hundred seventy five vaginal swab specimens from
patients were cultured on Sabouraud
Dextrose Agar (SDA). The internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region between the 18S and 5.8S rRNA genes and a
specific DNA fragment
within the ITS2 region of Candida albicans were amplified and the multiplex PCR products were separated by electrophoresis in 2% agarose gel (200 mA, 140V), visualized
by staining with ethidium bromide, and photographed.
Results: One hundred ninety one Candida isolates were identified in vaginal swab specimens
from 175 patients. In 89.7% of cases, single candida species and in 10.3% cases,
multiple candida species were isolated. C.
albicans (65.1%), C.
glabrata (13.1%), C.
tropicalis (6.2%), C. krusei (4%), C. guilliermondii (0.6%), C. parapsilosis (0.6%),
C. glabrata and C. albicans (5.7%), C. albicans and C. parapsilosis (1.1%),
C. glabrata and C. tropicalis (0.6%),
C. krusei and C.
tropicalis (0.6%), C.
albicans and C.
tropicalis (0.6%), C. krusei and C. albicans (0.6%), C. glabrata and C. krusei (0.6%), and C.
glabrata and C. krusei and
C. albicans (0.6%) were the
cause of disease.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that, the common cause of both
recurrent and non-recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis was C. albicans, and then C. glabrata.
Also the most common mixtures of Candida species were combination of them
Farzad Katiraee, Ali Reza Khosravi, Vahid Khalaj, Mahboubeh Hajiabdolbaghi, Ali Asghar Khaksar, Mehrnaz Rasoulinejad, Mir Saeed Yekani Nejad,
Volume 68, Issue 1 (4-2010)
Abstract
Normal
0
false
false
false
EN-US
X-NONE
AR-SA
MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
Background: Oropharyngeal candidiasis is the most frequent fungal
infection in HIV patients. The aims of this study
were to appraise prevalence of oropharyngeal candidiasis and to determine
factors associated with oropharyngeal candidiasis and oral yeast colonization
among Iranian HIV patients.
Methods: The patients were composed 150 Iranian HIV positive individuals referred to Iranian Research Center for HIV & Aids (IRCHA), Imam Khomeini Hospital complex
in Tehran, Iran. Oral samples were obtained and cultured on mycological media. TCD4 lymphocyte count/percentage was
measured and patients were categorized. Patients evaluated for some risk
factors for oropharyngeal candidiasis and oral candida colonization.
Results: Fifty nine percent of patients
were presented with oropharyngeal candidiasis and the carriage rate of yeasts
was 116 (77.2%). The most frequent isolated candida
species were Candida albicans (102) 50.2% and Candida glabrata (45) 22%. Thrush in 57(38%), perleche in 30(20%) and erythematous lesions in 7(4.7%) of patients were observed.
Significant differences in TCD4 count (p=0.01), gender (p=0.02), antifungal therapy (p=0.001), smoking (p=0.02), and intravenous drug use (p=0.03), between asymptomatic and
symptomatic patients were observed.
Conclusion: Oral candidiasis is a frequent complication among Iranian HIV individuals. C. albicans and C. glabrata are most important etiologic agents of oral candidiasis. In Iranian HIV individuals TCD4 count, antifungal
therapy, gender, smoking and intravenous drug use are important risk factors for oropharyngeal
candidiasis. Denture wearing and age are predisposing factors for oral colonization.
Ayatollah Nasrollahi Omran, Seyyed Jamal Hashemi, Farshad Hashemi,
Volume 68, Issue 1 (4-2010)
Abstract
Normal
0
false
false
false
EN-US
X-NONE
AR-SA
MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
Background: Identification
of the determatophytosis species and superficial mycosis agents may be useful
in directing the survey for environmental and animal sources of infection to
educate the danger of acquiring infections from infected persons and other
animals. Based on this background the identification of cutaneous mycosis
distribution was the main purpose.
Methods: From March 2005 to Feb 2009 we examined 5500 patients suspected to superficial and cutaneous
mycosis referred to medical mycology labs in Tehran, Iran for Medical Mycology
examination. Skin, hair and nail sampling were taken by scraping from patients
and collected for diagnosis. Diagnosis was confirmed by direct microscopy and
culture according to the mycology routine laboratory methods.
Results: A total of 2271 cases (41.3%) suffered from superficial and cutaneous mycosis. The
most common infections were dermatophytosis 1279 cases (56.31%), Tinea Versicolor 356 cases (15.47%), Erythersma 283 cases (12.46%), cutaneous candidiosis 243 cases (10.7%) and
sacrophytic cutaneous mycosis 110 cases (4.83%). Tichophyton mentagrophytes was the most
common etiological agent with 198 cases (41.56%). The most common clinical type of cutaneous
candidiasis was onychomycosis and Candida albicans was the most common
etiological agent. The common sites of involvement of tinea versicolor were
neck and trunk and Malassezia globosa was most common etiologic agent.
Conclusion: This study highlights a common problem (Antropophilic
species) in Tehran and suggests that further measures regarding public health
and especially personal hygiene should be undertaken to reduce the risk of
superficial and cutaneous mycoses.
Hashemi Sj, Zaini F, Charsizadeh A, Daiedaie Ghazvini R, Grami Shoar M,
Volume 69, Issue 1 (4-2011)
Abstract
Background: Infections caused by opportunistic yeasts such as Candida species,
Trichosporon, Rhodotorula and Saccharomyces have increased in immunocompromis- ed patients and their identification is crucial as intrinsic and acquired resistance of some yeast species to antifungal agents are on the rise. The aim of this study was to identify the organisms to the species level in order to suggest accurate and effective antifungal therapies.
Methods: In this study that carried out in Tehran, Iran in 2009, 200 patients with yeast infection were medically examined and clinical specimens were prepared for direct examination and culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Subsequently, the isolated yeast
colonies were identified using various tests including culture on Corn Meal agar with
Tween 80, CHROMagar Candida and casein agar. For the definite identification of organisms some biochemical tests were done based on carbohydrate assimilation by RapID Yeast Plus System kit, and, finally, a molecular method, PCR-RFLP, using Hpa II enzyme, was performed for the remaining unknown yeast species.
Results: A total of 211 yeast isolates were identified in 200 patients with yeast infections. The most frequent isolated yeasts were Candida albicans, 124 (58.77%), followed by Candida parapsilosis, 36 (17.06%), Candida tropicalis, 17 (8.06%),
Candida glabrata, 13 (6.16%), Candida krusei, 8 (3.79%), Candida guilliermondii, 2
(0.96%), Trichosporon, 3 (1.14%), Rhodotorula, 1 (0.47%), Saccaromyces cerevisiae, 1 (0.47%) and other yeast species, 6 (2.84%).
Conclusion: Nail candidiasis was the most prevalent type of yeast infection in the patients and Candida albicans was the most frequent isolated species from all clinical specimens.
Katiraee F, Khosravi Ar, Khalaj V, Hajiabdolbaghi M, Khaksar Aa, Rasoulinejad M,
Volume 70, Issue 2 (5-2012)
Abstract
Background: Oropharyngeal candidiasis and antifungal drug resistance are major problems in HIV positive patients. The increased reports of antifungal resistance and expanding therapeutic options prompted the determination of antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida species isolates in Iranian patients living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the present study.
Methods: One hundred fifty oral samples from Iranian HIV positive patients were obtained and cultured on CHROMagar and Sabouraud's dextrose agar. All isolates were identified according to assimilation profile, germ tube, colony color and other conventional methods. Disk diffusion testing and Broth Microdilution of six antifungal agents were performed according to the methods described in CLSI.
Results: Candida albicans (50.2%) was the most frequent isolated yeast, followed by C. glabrata (22%). Non-Candida albicans species were isolated from 71 (61%) positive cultures. 25.7% of Candida albicans isolates were resistant to fluconazole (MIC≥64 µg/ml) as were 21.9% and 16.4% to ketoconazole and clotrimazole (MIC>0.125 µg/ml), respectively. Resistance to polyene antifungals including amphotericin B and nystatin, and caspofungin were scarce. 57.7% of candida glabrata isolates were resistant to fluconazole, 31% to ketoconazole and 35% to clotrimazole.
Conclusion: Screening for antifungal resistant candida isolates by disk diffusion or broth dilution methods in clinical laboratories is an ideal surveillance measure in the management of oral thrush in patients with HIV/AIDS. Although nystatin is widely used in clinical practice for HIV positive patients, there was no evidence of enhanced resistance to it. Regarding no resistance to caspofungin, its administration is suggested.
Siamak Naji , Kambiz Diba , Rasoul Yosefzadeh , Fatemeh Mansouri ,
Volume 75, Issue 4 (7-2017)
Abstract
Background: Looking at the increased incidence of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and refractory resulting from such non-albicans Candida species in recent decades, this study was performed aiming the use of rapid biochemical and molecular detection of drug-resistant Candida species in response to fluconazole in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was performed at Kowsar Gynecology Center, Motahhari educational hospital and Medical Mycology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia, Iran, from October 2013 to July 2015. Those patients referred to the clinic with symptoms of vaginal discharge, itching or burning that swab samples from endo-exocervix and distal fornix discharge were taken. The vaginal discharge samples submitted to Medical Mycology Center, Urmia School of Medicine for the direct microscopic examination and cultures. Identification at the level of species was performed using CHROMagar Candida and Corn meal agar media. The molecular test polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) used for confirming culture results. For the susceptibility assay, disc diffusion method was performed with fluconazole and clotrimazole.
Results: In these study 198 samples collected from patients with symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis, 77 vulvovaginal candidiasis cases were identified. Candida species are common in primary and recurrent cases in terms of frequency, Candida albicans (85.7%), Candida krusei (10.2%) and Candida glabrata (4.1%) were identified respectively. Total of 27 cases of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, 10 cases were resistant to both clotrimazole and fluconazole (37%) was observed that the most common species are resistant to treatment were Candida albicans by (82.1%), Candida krusei (14.3%) and Candida glabrata (3.6%) respectively. Drug resistance in Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata causing recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis included 69.1%, 75% and 100% respectively.
Conclusion: Our findings have shown frequency of resistant non-albicans Candida species to fluconazole and clotrimazole is increasing. There is a considerable difference between Candida albicans and non-albicans species, Candida glabrata for the resistance to fluconazole and clotrimazole. |
Maryam Khanmohamadi , Amir Seyed Ali Mehbod , Mojtaba Noraeepour , Mojtaba Didehdar ,
Volume 75, Issue 7 (10-2017)
Abstract
Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection, affecting up to 75% of women during their lifetimes. Approximately 5% of patients may experience recurrent VVC. Candida albicans is the most common causative agent of VVC. The objectives of this study were identification of candida species isolated of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis by molecular method in Arak city.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, between Jun 2015 to March 2016 from 210 patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis referred to gynecology and obstetrics clinics in Arak city, Iran. Vaginal sampling was performed by wet sterile swabs. Samples were collected from vaginal discharge, vaginal posterior fornix, and sides of the vaginal wall. The swabs were investigated for direct exam and cultured on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar medium contain chloramphenicol. Yeast isolates DNA were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Fungal genomic DNA was extracted from each isolate colony, glass bead method and after amplification of ITS1-ITS4 region with PCR assay, digested by MSP I restriction enzyme.
Results: From 210 patients with vulvovaginitis, 95 (45.2%) patients showed VVC. These patients were positive for Candida growth in culture and were infected with one Candida species. The age range of women with vulvovaginitis was between 14-60 years and the most VVC cases were in age group of 21-30 years. The most common Candida species isolated were Candida. albicans (70.5%), C. glabrata (20%), C. tropicalis (7.4%) and C. parapsilosis (2.1%).
Conclusion: Regarding to the results of this study, C. albicans was the most common Candida species, isolated from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis and approximately 30% of this infection causing by non-albicans species of Candida.
Nahid Arefi Lisar , Parivash Kordbacheh , Sasan Rezaie , Mahin Safara , Roshanak Daie Ghazvini , Heidar Bakhshi , Zahra Omidvar Jalali ,
Volume 75, Issue 12 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background: Vaginal candidiasis is common in during pregnancy. It may lead to complications like abortions, premature birth, low birth weight, chorioamnionitis and fungal systemic neonatal infection. The aim of present study was identification of Candida species by mycological and molecular methods in pregnant women with vaginal candidiasis.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 80 pregnant women with or without clinical symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis referred to Shahid Noorani Talesh Hospital, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from April to December 2015 (8 months). All specimens were examined by direct microscopy and culture on CHROMagar Candida medium for isolation and differentiation of major clinical-significant Candida species (spp.). Cultured media were incubated at 35 °C for 48 hours and evaluated based on color and number of grown colonies. If no growth was observed, the media were incubated for several additional days. Subcultures were done on Sabouraud dextrose agar (Merck, Germany) and Corn meal agar with Tween 80 media (Micromedia, Hungary) for further study. Identification of Candida spp. carried out by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.
Results: In this study, vulvovaginal candidiasis was observed in 20 (25%) patients. Twenty-two isolates were obtained from culture of specimens on CHROMagar Candida medium (Paris, France). The most common isolated species was Candida albicans 16 (72.8%) and followed by Candida glabrata 5 (22.7%), Candida tropicalis 3 (13.6%) and Candida krusei 1 (4.5%) cases. Two patients had mixed infection with 2 different Candida species (C. albicans and C. glabrata) While using PCR-RFLP method, the Candida species were identified as 13 (59.1%) Candida albicans, 5 (22.7%) Candida glabra, 3 (13.6%) Candida tropicalis and 1 (4.5%) Candida krusei cases, respectively. In direct examination were seen yeast budding cells and pseudohyphae in 8 culture positive specimens. In the present study, results of conventional mycological method in differentiation of Candida spp. were consistent with molecular results in 80% of cases. There was also significant correlation between vulvovaginal candidiasis with clinical symptoms (P<0.0001), including diabetes mellitus (P<0.014), and taking antibacterial drugs (P<0.003) in pregnant women.
Conclusion: PCR-RFLP was able to identify correctly the Candida spp. as a complementary method.
