Showing 17 results for Colon
R Arvan , E Elahy ,
Volume 56, Issue 5 (7-1998)
Abstract
Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) has previously been shown to affect the differentiation of cells of the mono-nuclear phagocytic line. More recent studies indicate that M-CSF may have a role in pregnancy. In the present study, the expression of M-CSF in the human placenta was demonstrated. Placental mRNA was isolated and used as template for synthesis of complementary DNA (cDNA). The presence of M-CSF related sequences in the cDNA was shown by PCR and RT-PCR reactions in which M-CSF specific primers were used. In addition, it was shown that a 2.4 kb cDNA after electrophoresis and transfer to a nylon filter, hybridized with a digoxygenin labeled M-CSF specific probe.
Gh Khataie , N Shahrokhi ,
Volume 56, Issue 6 (7-1998)
Abstract
Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the most important pathogen identified in bacterial cultures in neonatal sepsis, sepecially with early-onset in developed countries (approximately 1-5/1000 deliveries). Neonatal colonization with group B streptococcus results primarily from vertical transmission during the birth process. GBS carrier rate in pregnant women varies from 4.6 to 41 percent in different geographic populations. Contamination of neonates during passage through the birth canal is high (more than 50%). Of the 191 pregnant women screened in this study, 28 (14.7%) were found to be colonized with GBS, by the culture method. Direct CIE and SCA tests on SBM (Selective Broth Medium) containing mixed flora showed that only 11.5% and 18.3% had positive reaction. A total of 530 patients were studied. GBS was isolated from the blood of 4 infants (5.5%, 4 vs 73 positive cultures). Of 181 cultures of CSF only one case was positive for GBS (8.3%) and had meningitis. In another part of experiment, two false positive reactions were found using serum specimen for detection of GBS antigen by CIE. Sensitivity of CIE and SCA both were 75%, specificity, 99.3% and 98.7%. Conclusion: Although specimen collection and microbiologic methods are important factors in identification of women colonized with GBS, there is significant variation in the proportion of women colonization with GBS. This study suggests that GBS is a much less important cause of neonatal sepsis, but further studies are needed to explore these important issues.
Hasibi M, Iravani Bm,
Volume 65, Issue 3 (6-2007)
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections with high morbidity and mortality rate. Traditionally, methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus has been considered a major nosocomial pathogen in healthcare facilities, but in the past decade, it has been observed emerging in the community as well. Informations regarding hospital microbial colonization could be an important step for prevention of nosocomial infections. Our objective was clarifying the prevalence of methicillin resistant and vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus colonization in nasopharynx.
Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried on 106 patients and nursing staff of surgery and hemodialysis wards in Amir-Alam hospital from April 2005 to July 2005. The samples were collected from nasal region of cases using cotton swab by two experienced technician and were sent to laboratory for culture and antibiogram.
Results: Twenty six (29.5%) out of 106 cases were nasopharyngeal carriers of staphylococcus aureus. Eight cases (7.5%) had methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus. The most frequent colonization rate was seen in hemodialysis nursing staff and in all of them methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus was reported. Carrier rates in hemodialysis patients were twice compared to surgery ward patients. The interesting point was that no sample of vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus was isolated.
Conclusion: Prevalence of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus colonization seems to be increased therefore proper management for controlling this problem is mandatory. The results of the present study suggest that the prevalence of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus infections is higher than was expected in Iran and vigorous preventive strategies should therefore be taken to stop the growth of this major health problem.
Arab Mr, Allahyari A, Sargolzaie Aval F, Rafighdoost H, Karimi M,
Volume 65, Issue 8 (11-2007)
Abstract
Background: The extracellular matrix is a complex three-dimensional network of proteins and glycosaminoglycans, which have important roles in cellular physiology and cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Any changes in the extracellular matrix of tumors may be implicated in cellular transformation and metastasis. The aim of the present study was to identify changes in the hyaluronic acid of the stroma of colonic carcinoma.
Methods: Paraffin blocks of 30 patients with colon carcinoma (10 patients at each histological grade) were chosen from the pathology file of Khatam-Al-Anbia Hospital in Zahedan, Iran. Tissue sections (5-6 micrometers thick) were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and the alcian blue critical electrolyte concentration histochemical technique at pH=5.8. The intensity of the staining in each section was graded as 1, 2 or 3, referring to low, moderate or severe staining reactivities, respectively. Statistical data was analyzed with nonparametric tests by SPSS (ver. 10) and histopathological reports were prepared.
Results: The results of this study showed that there is a good correlation between histopathological grading and staining intensity of tumoral stroma for hyaluronic acid (p<0.005). Analysis using the Mann Whitney test revealed significant differences between staining grades 1 and 3 and grades 2 and 3 (p<0.005 and p<0.002, respectively), although there was no significant difference between staining grades 1 and 2 for hyaluronic acid.
Conclusions: The difference in staining intensity of the stroma in colon carcinoma is a result of different amounts of hyaluronic acid in stroma, indicating that increased levels of hyaluronic acid are associated with the invasion and metastasis of neoplastic cells.
Arab Mr, Arab F, Karimi M, Shahraki Mr, Sargazei Gh,
Volume 66, Issue 7 (10-2008)
Abstract
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Background: Glycoconjugates are a class of cell surface glycoproteins, the terminal sugars of which are
important indicators of neoplasia and the aberrant biological behavior of
cancer cells. Lectins are a class of plant or animal glycoproteins that
specifically bind to the terminal sugars of glycoconjugates. The aim of the present study is to
identify the presence of L-fucose in cell surface glycoconjugates and
extracellular matrix glycoconjugates of cancer cells of different grades of
colonic adenocarcinoma.
Methods: Paraffin blocks of colonic
adenocarcinoma tissue from 30 patients were
collected from the Pathology Department of Khatam Al Anbia Hospital in Zahedan, Iran.
Sections, 5-7μm thick, were prepared and stained
using hematoxylin and eosin. Sections were graded histopathologically and then stained
using the lectin Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA, 10μm/mL), which binds specifically to
L-fucose, and Alcian blue (pH=2.5). Sections were graded blindly according to lectin
staining intensity on a scale of 0-3. Collected data were analyzed using Kruskall-Wallis
and Mann Whitney nonparametric tests with SPSS.
Results: Our results show that there is a
significant difference in the staining intensity for L-fucose between tumoral
cells of different grades of colon carcinoma (p<0.001). Results show that the degree of UEA lectin binding to cancer cells is lower in the
cytoplasm and nucleus and higher in the extracellular matrix in tumors, with the
degree increasing with histopathological grade. Furthermore, staining intensity
differs in different portions of cancer cells.
Conclusions: The increased staining intensity of L-fucose in the
extracellular matrix of colon carcinoma is a reflection of the aberrant protein
glycosylation pathway in neoplasia.
Karimian F, Moghadamyeghaneh Zh, Aminian A, Pasha Meysami A, Fazely Ms, Kazemeini A,
Volume 67, Issue 4 (7-2009)
Abstract
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Background: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution can induce
complications when used as preoperative bowel preparation. The aim of this study
was to compare two methods for mechanical bowel preparation in elective
operations of colon.
Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 129 patients elected for
anastomosis of colon and referred to the surgical clinic of Imam Khomeini
Hospital of Tehran between March 2008
and March 2009 were included. They
were randomly allocated into two groups of PEG1
(1liter of PEG or 70gr
plus 15 mg bizacodil, n=63)
and PEG4 (4 liter
of PEG), according to the way of bowel preparation
and on the day before surgery, they received oral and IV
prophylactic antibiotics and cleared solutions. In the morning of the surgery,
they received their medication during 240
minutes. Then, they underwent anastomosic surgery of colon. The principle variables
recorded were nausea, vomiting, flatulence, Na and K
in the night before surgery, patients' and surgeons' satisfaction from bowel
preparation and postoperative infection and leakage.
Results: The majority of the patients were male (62%).
Nausea (28.57% vs. 98.48%,
p=0.001), flatulence (36.51%
vs. 95.45%, p=0.001),
and vomiting (4.76% vs. 75.76%,
p=0.001) were significantly lower in PEG1
and the patients' satisfaction were significantly higher (59.02%
vs. 1.52%, p=0.001)
Peroperative Na was significantly higher in PEG4
group (141.21±3.63 vs. 139.94±2.97mg/l,
p=0.001) and serum K
was significantly lower (3.55±0.25 vs. 3.76±0.21,
p=0.001). Surgeons' satisfaction were significantly
higher in PEG4 group (good to very
good 72.73% vs. 43.54%,
p=0.001). Postoperative infection of surgical site,
anastomosis leakage and ICU admission were
comparable between study groups.
Conclusions: Bowel
preparation with 1
liter of PEG plus
3
bizacodile pills instead of 1 liter of
PEG in
patients undergoing elective anastomosis of colon is not only associated with
lesser nausea, vomiting, flatulence, but also increases the patients'
satisfaction and tolerance, lessens electrolyte disturbances and do not
influence postoperative infection of surgical site and anastomosis leakage.
Sarbolouki Mn, Alizadeh Am, Khaniki M, Azizian S, Mohaghgheghi Ma,
Volume 69, Issue 11 (2-2012)
Abstract
Background: Cancer is a multistep process that develops very rapidly after its onset. Previous studies have confirmed antitumor effects of curcumin (1,7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione diferuloylmethane) that can potentially prevent colon cancer development with low side-effects. Different methods have been performed to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of curcumin among which dendrosome, a nanoparticle created by Sarbolouki et al. was used in this study. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of dendrosomal curcumin on rat colon cancer.
Methods: In this study which was performed in Cancer Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2010 year, forty rats were equally divided into control, curcumin and curcumin-dendrosome groups. Animals received azoxymethane (15 mg/kg s.c.), a carcinogen, once a week for two weeks. Curcumin (0.2%) and curcumin-dendrosome were administered to the respective animals 2 weeks before the first and 14 weeks after the last azoxymethane injections. Eventually, colorectal specimens from tumoral and adjacent non-tumoral mucosal tissues were fixed in 10% formaldehyde, and passaged and embedded in paraffin. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were performed on the specimens.
Results: The mean number of lesions, nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, epithelial stratification, loss of nuclear polarity, goblet depletion, structural abnormality and beta-catenin expression were higher in the control group compared to curcumin and curcumin-dendrosome groups. These parameters had significantly decreased in the dendrosomal curcumin group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The present study shows that dendrosome can be used as a suitable nanoparticle to increase curcumin efficiency in the prevention or treatment of colon cancer.
Mahmoodi Majid, Alizadeh Alimohammad, Amini-Najafi Fatemeh, Khosravi Alireza, Hosseini Seyed Kazem, Safari Zahra, Hydarnasab Daryosh,
Volume 69, Issue 12 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background: Fumonisins, a family of mycotoxins, are mainly found in wheat, corn and their products. Previous studies have shown that fumonisin B1 (FB1), the most abundant and toxic of known fumonisins, has been associated with many animal and human diseases including cancer. In the present study, the effects of FB1 were examined on the production of inflammatory cytokines in intestine and stomach cell lines.
Methods: This study was performed in the Cancer Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2010. The cell lines of colon adenocarcinoma (SW742) and gastric epithelium (AGS) were purchased from the Pasteur Institute of Iran. The cells were pretreated with different concentrations of FB1 (0 to 100 µM) for 3 days. The cells were later stimulated by lipopolysaccharides. Twenty-four hours after cell induction, the cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interlukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interlukin-8 (IL-8) were measured by ELISA.
Results: Treatment with FB1 induced a dose-dependent decrease in IL-8 production (P<0.05). This decrease was seen in both SW742 and AGS cell lines. Moreover, FB1 induced a dose-dependent increase in the production of TNF-α and IL-1β in both cell lines (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that FB1 could increase the inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1β in gastric and intestinal celllines. These effects might result in the development of inflammatory responses and subsequent mucosal atrophy in in-vivo conditions.
Ganji Fatemeh, Abruon Saeid, Baharvand Hossein, Ebrahimi Marzieh, Aghdami Nasser,
Volume 70, Issue 3 (6-2012)
Abstract
Background: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are capable of self-renewal and large-scale expansion. They also have the capacity to differentiate into a variety of cell types including liver, cardiac and neuron cells. However, it is not yet clear whether hESCs can differentiate to hemangioblasts under in-vitro conditions. Hemangioblasts are bipotential progenitors that can generate hematopoietic lineages and endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to identify the potential of human Royan H5 embryonic stem cells in differentiating into hemangioblast cells.
Methods: HESCs were cultured at suspension system in DMEM/F12 supplemented with bFGF. 7-day old cells differentiated into blast cells under defined condition consisting of hematopoietic cytokines including BMP4, VEGF, etc. Blast cell markers kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), CD31, and CD34 were evaluated by flow cytometry and blast gene expressions (TAL-1, Runx-1 and CD34) were detected by qRT-PCR. Clonogenic assays were performed in semisolid medium by colony forming unit-assays.
Results: The hESCs (Royan H5) had the capacity of differentiating into hemangioblast cells. We could detect colonies that expressed 79%±12.5 KDR+, 5.6%±2.8 CD31+-CD34+ and 6%±2.12 KDR+-CD31+ on day 8 in the hESCs. Up-regulation of TAL-1, Runx-1 and CD34 occurred during hemangioblast commitment (P≤0.05 and P≤0.01, respectively). Moreover, hemangioblast cells generated mixed-type and endothelial-like colonies in semi-solid media.
Conclusion: Our results showed that hESCs (Royan H5) were able to differentiate into hemangioblasts under in-vitro conditions. The hemangioblasts had the potential to generate two non-adherent (Mixed-type) and adherent (endothelial-like) cell populations.
Khosravi N, Noorbakhsh S, Tabatabaei A, Ghavami Y,
Volume 70, Issue 11 (2-2013)
Abstract
Background: Infection with group B streptococcus (GBS) can present with respiratory distress, Pneumonia, meningitis and Osteomyelitis in neonates. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of GBS colonization in trachea of intubated neonates.
Methods: This observational analytic study was performed upon 33 intubated neonates due to respiratory distress in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) Rasoul Hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2010-2012. Tracheal secretions cultured upon TODD-HEWITT BROTH and sheep blood agar 5%., chi-square test was used for compare the qualitative variables. P<0.05 was considered meaningful.
Results: Three cases had positive streptococcal culture (9.1%) and four cases had posi-tive culture for non-streptococcal organisms. no meaningful relation observed between positive GBS culture and neonatal gender, kind of delivery, PROM.
Conclusion: Prevalence of GBS positive results (9%) in present study is very close to GBS colonization in pregnant women although the higher colonization rate of pregnant women are expected.
Mahmood Khaniki , Saleh Azizian , Ali Mohammad Alizadeh , Hamidreza Hemmati , Nabbi Emamipour, Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi,
Volume 71, Issue 5 (8-2013)
Abstract
Background: Curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric, has the ability to inhibit the carcinogenic pathways, and thus can prevent or postpone the carcinogenic process in different animal species. Retention time of curcumin is short due to the quick excretion of the body, so, the therapeutic effects of curcumin are restricted resulting in short-term retention in the plasma. Therefore, several methods are used for increasing the efficien-cy of curcumin in plasma and tissues. The present study is designed to evaluate the effects of the anti-proliferative and anti-carcinogenic of nano-curcumin in rat colon cancer.
Methods: In this study which was performed in Cancer Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2012. Thirty rats have divided into control, curcumin and nano-curcumin groups. All animals received azoxymethane (15 mg/kg, s.c) as a carcinogen, once a week for two consecutive weeks. Animals received curcumin 0.2% and nano-curcumin 2 weeks before azoxymethane injection up to 14 weeks after the last injection of azoxymethane in curcumin and nano-curcumin groups, respectively. At the end of experiment, the colorectal specimens from all mucosal lesions were obtained for histo-and-immunohistochemical (Ki-67 and COX-2) studies.
Results: The cytological and morphological changes of the cells in nano-curcumin group were significantly lower compared to other groups (P<0.05). In addition, the Ki-67 and COX-2 proteins expression was lower in the nano-curcumin group in compare-son with the curcumin and control groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results indicate that the using a suitable nanoparticle can be appropria-tely resolved the low bioavailability of curcumin. This can be an important method to use of natural products in the prevention and/or treatment of cancer.
Narges Sadat Taherzadeh , Farideh Zaini , Roshanak Daie Ghazvini , Sasan Rezaie , Mahmoud Mahmoudi , Maliheh Kadivar , Fatemeh Sadat Nayeri , Mahin Safara , Parivash Kordbacheh ,
Volume 73, Issue 11 (2-2016)
Abstract
Background: Over the last two decades invasive candidiasis has become an increasing problem in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Colonization of skin and mucous membranes with Candida spp. is important factor in the pathogenesis of neonatal infection and several colonized sites are major risk factors evoking higher frequencies of progression to invasive candidiasis. The aim of this study was to detect Candida colonization in NICU patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 93 neonates in NICUs at Imam Khomeini and Children Medical Center Hospitals in Tehran. Cutaneous and mucous membrane samples obtained at first, third, and seventh days of patients’ stay in NICUs during nine months from August 2013 to May 2014. The samples were primarily cultured on CHROMagar Candida medium. The cultured media were incubated at 35°C for 48h and evaluated based on colony color produced on CHROMagar Candida. In addition, isolated colonies were cultured on Corn Meal Agar medium supplemented with tween 80 for identification of Candida spp. based on their morphology. Finally, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was performed for definite identification of isolated species.
Results: Colonization by Candida spp. was occurred in 20.43% of neonates. Fifteen and four patients colonized with one and two different Candida spp., respectively. Isolated Candida spp. identified as; C. parapsilosis (n: 10), C. albicans (n: 7), C. tropicalis (n: 3), C. guilliermondii (n: 2), and C. krusei (n: 1). In present study non-albicans Candia species were dominant (69.56%) and C. parapsilosis was the most frequent isolate (43.47%). Using Fisher's exact test, the correlation between fungal colonization with low birth weight, low gestational age, and duration of hospital stay was found to be statistically significant (P=0.003).
Conclusion: The results of this study imply to the candida species colonization of neonates. Neonates in NICU are at the highest risk for severe infection with Candida parapsilosis. Therefore, isolation of C. parapsilosis as the most common species (43.47%) in present study was noteworthy.
Mina Golmohammadi , Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei , Hossein Maghsoudi , Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad,
Volume 75, Issue 5 (8-2017)
Abstract
Background: Most of colorectal cancers (CRC) have originated from intestinal polyps. Evaluating of the expression level of genes that are involved in tumors growth and development, may consider as diagnostic factor of malignancy in the polyps. AXIN2 regulates the level of nuclear β-catenin in a negative-feedback loop there by being a negative regulator and target gene at the same time. The aims of current study were to examine the expression level of the AXIN2 in the colonic polyps and its linkage with the pathological features of the polyps.
Methods: In the present analytical-descriptive study, the investigated population was chosen from the cases with colonic polyps that referred to the Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from October 2014 to April 2015. Forty four biopsy polyp samples and 10 normal tissue samples were collected, as well as the demographic and clinical properties of the patients and the expression level of AXIN2 gene was quantified by Real-time PCR. The outcomes were analyzed by the ABI Prism 7500 Sequence Detection System (SDS) software, version 2.1.0 (Applied Biosystems Inc., Foster City, CA, USA) and GraphPad Prism, version 3 (GraphPad Software Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA) Also, the expression changes of the intended gene in target groups were compared with the normal tissues using the 2-ΔΔCt equation.
| Results: The data showed enhanced level of the expression of AXIN2 gene in the colonic polyps in comparison to the normal tissues (RQ>2), which was significantly upper in adenoma polyps compared to the hyperplastic group (P=0.015). Also, unlike the rectum, the AXIN2 gene activity in colon area was higher than normal tissue. |
Conclusion: The results of the current study show that the expression pattern of AXIN2 gene, was markedly changed during the transformation of the normal tissue to polyp. The increased expression level of this gene could be applied as a diagnostic marker in dissociation of the adenoma polyps from hyperplastic ones. On the other hand, the location of the polyps modulates the AXIN2 gene function. Taking together, evaluating the changes of AXIN2, has a precise diagnostic value in the CRC related studies.
Sanaz Tajiki , Roshanak Daie Ghazvini , Seyed Jamal Hashemi , Ensieh Zibafar , Mir Saeed Yekaninejad , Mahdi Zareei , Zeinab Borjian Boroujeni ,
Volume 75, Issue 9 (12-2017)
Abstract
Background: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic dermatitis with 1-3% prevalence and even with 33-83% in immunocompromised patients. Often, because of some of predisposing factors, abnormal proliferation of Malassezia yeasts (as a normal flora) is seen in patients that lead to observation of clinical symptoms in their bodies. The aim of this study was to evaluate of Malassezia yeasts colonization rate in patients with seborrheic dermatitis that has key importance to appropriate treatment.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out during one-year period from January 2015 to February 2016 on 45 patients. According to the sample size formula, after visiting by a dermatologist and refer to the Medical Mycology Laboratory, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, patients were subjected to mycological examinations schedules. After recording the clinical symptoms and their specifications, sampling from all patients’ lesions was performed with sterile scalpel and a piece of scotch tape. Direct smears were prepared with 10% potassium hydroxide as a fungal clearing solution (KOH) and stained with methylene blue. The presence and rate of Malassezia yeast colonization was determined according to the standard procedures by direct microscopic examination.
Results: From a total of 45 under studied patients, 66.7% had moderate to severe colonization of Malassezia yeast. In existence of sweating and stress factors, severe colonization with significant differences was seen (P< 0.05). In 8 cases (17.7%), mycelium form of yeast was observed. The highest mycelium observation was seen in existence of stress with significant differences (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: In most of patients, yeast colonization rate was more than mild status, that emphasize on the etiological role of Malassezia yeasts at least as exacerbating factor in seborrheic dermatitis. On the other hand, the role of factors such as sweating and stress in inducing of severe colonization and invasive form of Malassezia yeasts in SD was confirmed, that should be considered to be treated as well as SD in therapeutic procedure.
Hossein Shirvani , Amin Isanejad , Mostafa Rahimi , Behzad Bazgir , Ali Mohammad Alizadeh ,
Volume 76, Issue 5 (8-2018)
Abstract
Background: Recent evidence suggests that regular exercise training is effective in treating various aspects of cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic interval training on monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) protein and expression of p53 gene in tumor of colon cancer mice.
Methods: The present study was conducted experimentally from May to October 2014 at the Exercise Physiology Research Center of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Twenty BALB/c mice of age 3 weekly with a mean weight of 17.6±1.4 grams were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: control (N=5), interval training (N=5), colon tumor (N=5) and interval training+colon tumor (N=5). The cancer was induced by subcutaneous injection of a carcinogenic azoxymethane (10 mg/kg) once a week for three weeks, and aerobic exercise was performed with rodent treadmill for 8 weeks and 5 days a week. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the mice were cleared and colon removed. Measurement of MCT1 protein was performed by ELISA and commercial kits (ZellBio, Germany). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the relative expression of p53 gene. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U tests.
Results: The results showed a significant increase in MCT1 protein (P< 0.01) and significant reductions in p53 gene expression (P< 0.001) in a colon tumor group compared to other groups. Also, there was a significant decrease in the level of MCT1 protein (P< 0.01) and significant increase in p53 gene expression (P< 0.001) in the exercise training group and exercise training+colon tumor group compared to control group and the tumor group was observed.
Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that aerobic interval training reduced the protein content of MCT1 and increased the expression of p53 gene (as a tumor inhibitor) in the tumor of colon cancer mice. These factors are portions of the mechanisms involved in cancer cell metabolism by which aerobic interval training shows part of its therapeutic effect in colon cancer.
Marjan Ghorbani-Anarkooli , Sara Dabirian, Hasan Moladoust, Adib Zendedel, Mohammad Hadi Bahadori,
Volume 77, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background: Evaluation of cell viability is momentous in pharmacologic and oncological research. Cell viability evaluation determines cell sensitivity and consequently treatment outcome. Various methods are available to determine cell survival. Each of these methods evaluates different endpoints. Accordingly, determining the correlation between these methods is important. In this study, in order to determine the viability of human anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line, the sensitivity of MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, trypan blue test and clonogenic assay were compared.
Methods: This experimental study was performed in the Cellular and Molecular Research Center at Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran from October 2016 to March 2017. The human anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line was cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cultured cells were treated with melatonin, for 24 hours. Then, the viability of the cells was evaluated by MTT assay, trypan blue test and clonogenic assay. Furthermore, plating efficiency and surviving fraction were used in order to draw survival curve in the clonogenic assay.
Results: The concentration of melatonin at IC50 point was 4.794±0.117 millimolar (mM) in MTT assay, 4.375±0.894 mM in trypan blue test and 2.246±0.326 mM in clonogenic assay. Comparing the IC50 values of these test revealed that C50 values obtained from MTT assay and trypan blue test had no significant difference (P=0.6446), while there was a significant difference between IC50 values obtained from MTT and clonogenic assays (P=0.0032). Moreover, the IC50 values obtained from trypan blue test and clonogenic assay were also significantly different (P=0.0078). The results of the regression analysis of cell viability were shown a linear, positive and significant correlation between these three methods and MTT assay and trypan blue test showed higher correlation (r=0.99, P<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on our results, all these methods were effective to identify cytotoxicity in human anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line, while MTT assay and trypan blue test were more sensitive than clonogenic assay.
Ahmad Tahmasebi-Ghorrabi , Zahra Heydarifard, Behrouz Nemati, Majid Davari, Alireza Delavari, Hamideh Salimzadeh , Ali Akbari Sari ,
Volume 81, Issue 9 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background: Screening is a cost-effective method for prevention, early detection of the disease and reducing the burden of the third deadliest cancer in the world, i.e. colorectal cancer. This study aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of colonoscopy screening compared to sigmoidoscopy for colorectal cancer in high-risk individuals in Iran.
Methods: This economic evaluation study was conducted using the cost-effectiveness method between July 2016 and February 2017. Evaluation of the effectiveness of screening methods was done using a systematic review. Cost evaluation was also done using the costs obtained from the tariff approved by the Iranian Ministry of Health in 2015 for colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy. Finally, the combined model of decision tree and Markov was used to evaluate the cost effectiveness. Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) formula was used for cost effectiveness analysis considering the final outcome of 5-year survival of high-risk individuals. Excel and TreeAge software were used for data analysis.
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Results: The effectiveness of sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy in increasing 5-year survival is 11 and 15.7%, respectively, and colonoscopy screening is 4.7% more than sigmoidoscopy. The cost of colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy screening was calculated as 1000 and 19920 billion Rials, respectively. Based on cost-effectiveness analysis, the cost of treating patients in the case of screening with colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy is lower than without screening. The ICER ratio of colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy compared to no screening was -4/441/389/160 and -4/757/954/940 Rials respectively, and colonoscopy compared to sigmoidoscopy was -3/699/785/880 Rials, respectively. Finally, the use of colonoscopy leads to spending 3/699/785/880 Rials less in exchange for obtaining 4722 additional survivals with the prevention of colorectal cancer compared to sigmoidoscopy.
Conclusion: Screening by colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy methods are effective in reducing the incidence and death of colorectal cancer compared to no screening. Screening by colonoscopy is a dominant option for the high-risk population in Iran. Colonoscopy screening is more cost effective compared to sigmoidoscopy. However, decisions about colorectal cancer screening and screening methods depend on local resources and personal preferences.
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