Showing 8 results for Cytomegalovirus
Noorbakhsh S, Tabatabaei A, Parvaresh M, Tonekaboni H,
Volume 66, Issue 10 (1-2009)
Abstract
Background: In recent years, many ill cases with cytomegalovirus reactivation in non-immuno compromised persons reported. Goal of study: to determine the CMV infection in cerebrospinal fluid of aseptic meningoencephalitis children hospitalized in Rasul & Mofid hospital (2005-2007).
Methods: In a cross sectional study 132 cases selected with simple sampling. CMV-DNA in their Cerebro spinal fluids searched by qualitative PCR.
Results: The age range of the study patients was 5 month- 13 years, median age= 2±3.7 years 87(65.9%) male and 45(34.1%) was female. The presenting signs and symptoms were convulsion 77(69.4%) meningitis 25(18.8%), loss of consciousness 47(37%) neurologic defects 15.9%. DNA extrated in 11 cases. Mycoplasma- DNA in 2cases DNA-CMV detected 2(1.5%). Positive DNA HSV found in 7(15.3%) of patients. DNA- HSV type- 15.3% (7/132) cases. An infant 5 month age with developmental delay, microcephaly and recurrent convulsions. A 1 year girl with brain atrophy and progressive hydrocephaly with intracranial shunt
Conclusions: Differentiation between herpes meningoencephalitis and other encephalopathy based on clinical signs in children is too difficult. CMV (1.5%) has lower rate than herpes simplex type-1 (5.7%). In addition to CMV and HSV1 all of herpes family viruses (varicella, herpes 6, 7, Epstein barr virus) could have role in children with meningoencephalitis. In recent years a sensitive, rapid, simple diagnostic test "Single tube Multiplex PCR" in cerebro spinal fluid recommend. Rapid diagnosis and faster treatment is necessary for decreasing mortality and morbidity in all of herpes meningoencephalitis cases
Ahmadinejad Z, Soleimani Ar,
Volume 68, Issue 3 (6-2010)
Abstract
Background: Fever in neutropenic patients is a medical emergency which may happen in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The definition of neutropenia varies from institution to institution but is usually defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC)
< 500 cells/l or < 1,000 cells/l with a predicted nadir of < 500 cells/l. Bacterial and fungal infections are the most important in neutropenic patients. Viral infections with agents such as herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus are common but less than other pathogens.
Case presentation: We report a patient with fever & neutropenia following cytomegalovirus infection during chemotherapy course for breast cancer.
Conclusion: Although fever and neutropenia after cytomegalovirus infection is not very common but prompt diagnosis and treatment of this disease reduces the mortality and morbidity associated with cytomegalovirus. For this reason, screen testing for CMV
infection in high risk patients including patients with cancer and preemptive therapy in patients with viremia, for prevention of CMV disease could be considered as a strategy for prevention of CMV infection.
Farid Suleimani Mohammadi , Abbas Rahimi Foroushani , Mohsen Rokni , Mohammad Farahmand , Kazem Ahmadi Kia , Azadeh Shadab , Hamidreza Ahmadkhaniha, Jila Yavarian ,
Volume 74, Issue 11 (2-2017)
Abstract
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Background: Schizophrenia (SC) and bipolar disorder (BD) are two chronic psychiatric illnesses with worldwide distribution. People could be involved at any age, particularly in early adolescence. Main symptoms of SC are non- affective symptoms such as auditory hallucination and illogical thinking. In contrast, BD represents affective symptoms such as depression and mania. Although the main cause of these mood disorders has been remained elusive, there are some potential contributing factors that could be considered in the pathogenesis of mentioned illnesses including, genetic and environmental factors. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the probable contributing factors in SC and BD. CMV is a prototype of herpesviridae family which may infect different cell types such as endothelial and differentiated hematopoietic cells. CMV infections in immunocompromised patients as well as congenitally infected children represent CNS complication such as microcephaly and hearing loss. This virus has capability to impair the limbic structures in brain.
Methods: This descriptive study was designed to evaluate the role of CMV in these illnesses. We investigated the level of serum IgG antibody and the presence of CMV DNA in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) samples of 46 SC and BD patients admitted to Iran Psychiatry Hospital Tehran, Iran from 2014 to 2015 as well as 46 healthy control groups at Tehran University of Medical Sciences. First, the level of CMV IgG antibody was evaluated in serum samples, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then, DNA extraction conducted by using the high pure viral nucleic acid kit (Roche, Germany). Serologically positive sera along with PBMC samples were tested by Real-time PCR, to investigate the presence of CMV DNA.
Results: Results indicated higher levels of CMV IgG antibody in psychiatric patients, compared with a healthy control group. Afterward, we did not observe the presence of CMV DNA in either case or control groups.
Conclusion: According to the CNS impairment mediated by CMV infection, this virus has been supposed to play an important role in pathogenesis of mental disorders such as SC and BD. We suggest further investigation to be conducted, particularly on other samples such as cerebrospinal fluid.
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Javad Moayedi , Zahra Musavi , Tayebeh Hashempour , Mohammad Ali Nazarinia , Behzad Dehghani , Zahra Hasanshahi ,
Volume 77, Issue 5 (8-2019)
Abstract
Background: Scleroderma is a chronic systemic disorder that affects the connective tissues. It is characterized by several immune manifestations, inflammation, vascular damage, and fibrosis. Some of the viral infections with complex mechanisms are involved in the development and progression of many autoimmune diseases, such as scleroderma. The present study aimed to investigate the serological prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in Iranian patients with scleroderma.
Methods: In this descriptive study 65 patients with scleroderma and 65 healthy individuals who had no autoimmune diseases and matched for age and sex, from May 2017 to April 2018 at Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, were included. The serum of study participants were evaluated for cytomegalovirus specific immunoglobulin G (CMV-IgG), Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen immunoglobulin G (EBV-VCA-IgG), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus antibody (HCVAb), and human immunodeficiency virus antibody (HIVAb) using commercially available the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.
Results: CMV-IgG was diagnosed in serum of all patients with scleroderma, while 49 (98%) healthy subjects had positive results for this test. In addition, EBV-VCA-IgG was diagnosed in 58 (89.2%) sclerodermic patients and 40 (80%) healthy subjects. The prevalence of CMV-IgG and EBV-VCA-IgG was not significantly different between patients and healthy subjects and had no significant relationship with age and sex. However, the titer of antibodies against CMV and EBV infections in the scleroderma group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.0001, and P<0.0001), respectively. The presence of HBsAg and HIVAb was not confirmed in any of the patients with scleroderma, but HCVAb was detected only in one patient. All of the individuals in control group were serologically negative for HBsAg, HCVAb, and HIVAb.
Conclusion: Serological prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, EBV, and CMV infections in patients with scleroderma is similar to the healthy group.
Samileh Noorbakhsh , Fahimeh Ehsanipour , Niusha Masalegooyan ,
Volume 77, Issue 9 (12-2019)
Abstract
Background: Intrauterine infections (TORCH) lead to the involvement of various organs of the body of the fetus, including the eye. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and clinical response of eye lesions to specific drugs, in infants with confirmed TORCH induced ocular lesions.
Methods: This historical cohort study from 2011 to 2017, had done in Pediatrics and Ophthalmology Department of Rasoul Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Cases included; 78 infants with confirmed intrauterine infection (TORCH) with ophthalmologic disorders (glaucoma, cataract, and retinitis), 3 cases died (without any treatment). The cases with incomplete diagnosis, no treatment or without follow-up excluded from study. Out of 74 children with confirmed TORCH induced ophthalmologic disorders, finally 37 children (25 cytomegalovirus, 12 toxoplasma) were treated with specific drugs, and clinical response to treatment was followed-up to 1 year by ophthalmologic examination.
Results: From 12 cases with ophthalmologic disorders due to congenital toxoplasmosis, 5 cases had full treatment, 4 cases had complete response. One case had not any improvement. From 25 cases with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV), 18 patients continued treatment, 9 cases with complete clinical response, 9 cases had not response to antiviral treatment, indeed most non responder cases had central nervous system involvement from birth. The best response observed in CMV infected cases accompanied with sensory hearing loss (without CNS involvement).
Conclusion: Good clinical response of ophthalmic diseases in 80% of congenital toxoplasma; and 50% of congenital cytomegalovirus infected cases. Probably with initial diagnosis and rapid treatment of cases with TORCH induced ophthalmic disorders (especially cases without CNS involvement) it would lead to stopping ocular lesions.
Ava Hashempour, Javad Moayedi, Zahra Musavi, Mohammad Ali Nazarinia , Zahra Hasanshahi, Farzaneh Ghasabi, Mehrdad Halaji ,
Volume 79, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects almost all organs of the body, and viral infections are involved in its development and progression. The present study aimed to evaluate the serological status of some viral infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and a healthy population.
Methods: This descriptive study conducted from May 2017 to April 2018 at Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran on 70 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 70 healthy individuals who had no autoimmune diseases and were matched with the patient group for age and sex. All patients had active records and were routinely visited in rheumatology clinic of Hafez hospital, affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The evidence of active disease was assessed by the physicians of this practice according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Peripheral blood samples were collected in tubes containing EDTA and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min. The plasma of study participants was evaluated for HBsAg, HCVAb, HIVAb, EBV-VCA-IgG, and CMV-IgG using a commercially available ELISA kit.
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Results: The seropositivity of CMV-IgG and EBV-VCA-IgG in the systemic lupus erythematosus group was 70 (100%) and 65 (92.9%), and in healthy individuals was 68 (97.1%) and 57 (81.4%), respectively. The prevalence of EBV-VCA-IgG in the systemic lupus erythematosus group was significantly higher than healthy ones (P=0.043). The optical density (OD) of CMV-IgG and EBV-VCA-IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was significantly higher than in healthy individuals (P<0.0001). All patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were negative for HBsAg and HIVAb, but HCVAb was detected in 1 (1.4%) patient.
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Conclusion: Considering the higher frequency of EBV-VCA-IgG and the higher titer of antibodies against CMV and EBV in patient groups compared to healthy individuals group, it seems that periodical assessment of viral load in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus will be beneficial to prescribe medication by physicians if it is needed.
Samileh Noorbakhsh, Mohammad Farhadi , Sara Minaeian, Morteza Haghighi Hasanabad ,
Volume 81, Issue 3 (6-2023)
Abstract
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infections in newborns which can lead to long-term complications in more than half of the cases with symptomatic infection at birth time. Unfortunately, neonates with congenital CMV infection will mostly remain undiagnosed because the golden time for detection is limited to the first 3 weeks of infants' life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of congenital CMV infection in newborns admitted to intensive care units of hospitals in Tehran, Iran and assess related risk factors associated with the infection.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study from April to October 2017, newborns within the first three weeks of life who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of university-affiliated hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were eligible for enrollment. CMV infection in neonates was diagnosed through testing infants' Guthrie cards and detection of viral DNA via an in-house nested-PCR assay. Congenital CMV infection in neonates with positive results was confirmed by testing urine specimens as a sensitive and gold standard sample. Related data (demographic and maternal factors) were collected by questionnaires and analyzed.
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Results: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection was diagnosed in 8 of 63 newborns (12.7%). Hearing loss was seen in 2 infected infants. The mean of head circumferences among infected neonates was significantly lower than that observed in uninfected cases. Infants with CMV related symptoms had statistically more chance to have infection (P=0.02). We also found Guthrie cards as a reliable sample with high sensitivity for CMV detection assays.
Conclusion: The current study showed a high rate of symptomatic congenital CMV infection among neonates attending on NICU sections of hospitals in Tehran, Iran. It is of crucial importance to note that based on evidence, diagnosis of infants with congenital CMV infection at early stages could help to decrease the burden of long-term diseases if associated with prompt interventions and reduce the costs of late-ineffective treatment. Therefore, routine screening of newborns for congenital CMV infection via Guthrie cards is suggested.
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Navid Omidifar, Reza Masoumzadeh , Mansoureh Shokripour, Yousef Nikmanesh,
Volume 81, Issue 9 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) stands out as a significant contributor to congenital viral infections, exhibiting a prevalence ranging from 40% to 90%. Cytomegalovirus has different effects on people, such that it appears without symptoms in people with a healthy immune system, but it leads to severe symptoms in infants and those with a weak immune system. To comprehend the disease's societal prevalence, seroepidemiological investigations are imperative. This study aims to ascertain the serum prevalence of cytomegalovirus and explore potential correlations between age, sex, and the prevalence of CMV in patients attending Shahid Motahari Clinic in Shiraz
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken on 2,469 individuals who assessed their cytomegalovirus antibody levels between March 2019 and February 2023 at Shahid Motahari clinic in Shiraz. The ELISA method was employed to evaluate CMV, and the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 19 software. Chi-square tests and Fisher's exact test were applied to examine the correlation between positive antibody results and age as well as gender.
Results: Among the 2469 surveyed people, 658 people (26.65%) were men and 1811 people (73.35%) were women. Based on ELISA test, antibody titer was reported positive in 1157 people (46.9%), including 315 men and 842 women, and 1312 people (53.1%) had negative antibody titer. The highest number of positives is related to IgG, and in IgM, the test results are mostly negative. IgM prevalence showed no gender correlation but demonstrated a significant association with patient age. Meanwhile, IgG prevalence exhibited significant relationships with both age and gender
Conclusion: Considering that the city of Shiraz is considered as one of the centers of treatment in the country and a large number of patients from all parts of the country and even neighboring countries come to this city for treatment and especially for the purpose of organ transplantation; also with Considering the 46.9% prevalence of CMV infection in the region, it is recommended to use preventive methods such as vaccine and immunotherapy against CMV infection in patients |
