Mohamad Aghazade Amiri, Mozhgan Alvandi , Seyed-Mohammad Naser Hashemian , Seyed-Mahdi Tabatabai ,
Volume 73, Issue 4 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background: In this study were focused on corneal cells changes in keratoconus disease, as there are differences between results of other studies that were done on keratokonic eyes. And the chief purpose was a comparison between keratoconus and normal population based corneal endothelium (in cell density, pleomorphism and polymegethism of cells).
Methods: This study is an observational study and is a case-control type. This study was done in Farabi Ophthalmology Hospital, Tehran, from September 2013 to February 2014. In this study, 26 mild (corneal power is lower than 48 diopter) and moderate (corneal power is between 48 to 54 diopter) keratoconic eyes (case group) with no history of contact lenses wear or eye surgeries were compared with 25 normal eyes (control group) that corneal power based topographic images is lower than 47.2 diopter. This comparison were done based specular microscopy images which were taken by Noncontact (Topcan Sp-2000 P) specular microscope in 5 corneal regions (central, superior, inferior, nasal, temporal). Then the information related to the cell density, Coefficient of Variation (CV) of polymegethism and pleomorphism of cells were analyzed by SPSS software, version 21 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results: Superior corneal region has the largest amount of endothelial cell density in case and control groups (P<0.001). But the effects of keratoconus on the cell density was not significant (P=0.96). And also CV of polymegethism in two groups (case and control groups), was similar (P=0.828). Pleomorphism was seen in 7 eyes of 26 eyes in case group (26.9%) and 6 eyes of 25 eyes in control group (24%).
Conclusion: Keratoconus does not have any considerable effect on cell density, polymegethism and pleomorphism, in mild and moderate stages and corneal opacity risk caused by intraocular surgeries (such as: Cataract or Glaucoma surgeries) and some diseases (such as diabetes and uveitis) is similar in keratoconic and normal eyes.
Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard, Seyed Ali Sonbolestan , Kiyan Heshmat ,
Volume 77, Issue 3 (6-2019)
Abstract
Background: One of the possible mechanisms of migraine pathophysiology is neuro inflammation in which, according to previous studies, some changes happen in inflammatory factors like interleukins, adhesion molecules or acute phase reactants. Cytokines may have an essential role in the neurovascular inflammation and also in the process of pain especially in migraine patients. On the other hand, one of the mechanisms by which angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) work is anti-inflammation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of enalapril as an ACEI drug, on the proinflammatory cytokines (calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)) of migraine patients.
Methods: In this randomized double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 40 migraine without aura patients (mean age of 34.42±1.82 years) who were referred to neurology clinics of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, between June 2011 and July 2012 were recruited. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. 21 patients were treated with 10 mg enalapril daily for two months as the intervention group and they were compared with matched placebo treated group of 19 patients. Serum samples were collected from all of the subjects and TNFα and CGRP levels were measured by means of ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) kits at the beginning of study (before the intervention) and after 2 months of enalapril or placebo treatment. The serum levels were compared in each group and between the groups. SPSS software, version 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Six males (15%) and 34 females (85%) were enrolled in this study. The mean of migraine history among the subjects was 74.40±7.54 months. Patients' TNFα level decreased significantly in the case group after treatment with enalapril (P=0.001) while there was no significant change in control group (P=0.769). There was no significant difference in the CGRP concentrations in the intervention and control groups (P=0.795, 0.708 respectively).
Conclusion: Enalapril may be effective in improvement of inflammatory responses of migraine patients by decreasing the inflammatory factors like TNFα.
Ahmad Reza Assareh , Marzieh Jafarpor, Mohammad Hossein Haghighzadeh, Nehzat Akiash,
Volume 80, Issue 6 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background: smoking enhances the risk of cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease. So, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on endothelial function and functional capacity among smoker patients.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 56 non-diabetic smokers with a history of percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery in Imam Khomeini Hospital from May to August 2015. Based on cardiac rehabilitation, patients were divided into intervention and control groups. Before rehabilitation, fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile (LDL, HDL, triglyceride, and total cholesterol), and Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) were measured for endothelial function. Besides, METs were measured based on the Duke activity status index. After 24 rehabilitation sessions (3 sessions of 1 hour each week for 2 months), all values were checked again and compared with the initial values.
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Results: The mean age of the subjects in the cardiac rehabilitation and control groups were 61.18 and 52.32, respectively. Before the intervention, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the ABI variables, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL, triglyceride, total cholesterol and FBS; only HDL and METs showed significant differences. After exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation, the mean rate of ABI changes was +0.078 on the right side of the body and +0.084 on the left side of the body. In the control group, these values were 0.002 and 0.003, respectively (P=0.001). The amount of changes in increasing METs as well as decreasing body mass index (BMI), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the rehabilitation group were statistically significant compared to the control group. In addition, there were no significant differences in terms of FBS and lipid profiles either (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Two months of cardiac rehabilitation with regular exercise was associated with improved ABI as an indicator of endothelial function and prognosis of cardiovascular disease, as well as improved cardiac functional capacity among smoker patients.
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