Showing 5 results for Fatty Acids
Ghatreh Samani K, Farrokhi E, Hashemzadeh Chaleshtory M, Azadegan F,
Volume 70, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract
Background: Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) moves with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in blood and prevents low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles from oxidation. The aims of this study were to investigate the correlation between fatty acid composition of HDL phospholipids with pon-1 polymorphisms and response to lovastatin treatment in people with high blood cholesterol.
Methods: In this descriptive study, 265 patients were selected and divided into two groups based on LDL-C concentrations 131 patients with LDL-C greater than 130 mg/dl (cases) and 134 patients with LDL-C lower than 130 mg/dl (controls). Fatty acids of HDL phospholipids were measured with gas chromatography and lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein B were measured by relevant commercial kits. Oxidized LDL was measured by ELISA method and activity of paraoxonase was determined by a relevant standard manual method. Genotypes of L55M polymorphism were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism procedure.
Results: Prevalence of L allele from L55M polymorphism was 0.65 and 0.53 in the case and control groups, respectively (P=0.04). PON1 paraoxonase activity in LL homozygote genotype was higher than other genotypes upon treatment with lovastatin. Concentrations of oleic, linoleic and eicosapentaenoic acids in LL genotype were increased by lovastatin administration.
Conclusion: Allele (L) from L55M polymorphism had a higher frequency in patients with higher LDL-C concentrations. PON1 genotypes seemed to have a modifying role on paraoxonase-1 activity after lovastatin therapy.
Montakhab Yegane H, Babaahmadi Rezaiy H, Doosti M,
Volume 70, Issue 5 (8-2012)
Abstract
Background: Several dietary factors are involved
in cardiovascular coronary heart diseases, including trans fatty acids, which are generally formed during hydrogenation of vegetable oils, a process that causes conversion of liquid oils into semisolid fats. Nowadays, it is well-known that trans fatty acids form a major risk factor in the occurrence
and progression of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, it has been identified that some nuclear receptors, such as PPARs,are involved and play important roles in lipid homeostasis and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we studied the effect of elaidic acid on
gene expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ).
Methods: Murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells were treated by 0.5, 1, and 2 mM concentrations of elaidic acid for 6 h.
The control group was treated by 50% ethanol (as solvent), equivalent to the amount of ethanol used in 2 mM concentration of elaidic acid.
Later, the total RNA was extracted and its cDNA was synthesized. Finally, the quantity of PPARγ gene expression was measured by real-time PCR.
Results: Overall,0.5, 1, and 2 mM
concentrations of elaidic acid decreased PPARγ gene expression in RAW264.7 macrophage cell line by -1.36, -1.68, and -3.24 folds compared with the control group, respectively.
Conclusion: By decreasing the expression of nuclear receptor PPARγ, elaidic acid causes, intensifies or
accelerates the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis.This finding shows the importance of reducing the consumption of elaidic acid
containing foods.
Amirnader Emami Razavi , Gholam Basati , Soheila Abdi ,
Volume 72, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Background: The intestinal absorption of fatty acids may take place through simple diffusion as well as through protein carrier mediated transport, although the relative importance of each pathway is dependent on the ambient condition of entrocytes. Cad-mium ion influences the absorption of fatty acids in entrocytes. However, the effect of cadmium ion on the absorption of fatty acids in different pH values has not been evalu-ated yet. Especially, the luminal pH of small intestine has an essential role in the ab-sorption of fatty acids. In the present study we aimed to evaluate reciprocal effects of cadmium ion and pH of intestine lumen on the absorption of fatty acids in rat model.
Methods: In this experimental research, 3 months old Wistar rats (45 rats) were used for experiments. After killing the rats, their intestine was removed and the duodenum and jejunum segments were dissected. Everted Gut Sacs (EGS) were prepared from these duodenum and jejunum segments. The sacs were filled with buffer solution and incubated in a medium containing an appropriate concentration of oleic acid. Then the amounts of oleic acid that had been absorbed into the EGSs in the presence and absence of cadmium ions under different conditions of pH, was measured.
Results: Findings of the study demonstrated that the luminal pH of small intestine was effective on the oleic acid uptake and the inhibitory effect of cadmium ions on the up-take of the acid was influenced by pH condition, so that this inhibitory effect was 32% and 36% at the alkaline pHs 7.5 and 9.2, respectively (P< 0.05). At the acidic pHs, 2.5 and 4.5, the inhibitory effect reduced to 11% and 5%, respectively (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Cadmium ion decreased fatty acid uptake by small intestine in rats, and the acidic pH of intestine lumen could attenuate the inhibitory effect of cadmium ion.
Farideh Hosseini, Mohammad Reza Sam , Nasrollah Jabbari ,
Volume 72, Issue 3 (6-2014)
Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy has been used to treat many types of cancers over the past years. Radiotherapy generates side effects on normal tissues. Radiosensitizer products provide decrease in tumor proliferation and reduce radiation dose in radiotherapy. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) as an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid has anti-proliferative effects on malignant cells. In this study, the effects of DHA accompanied by ionizing radiation on growth rate and survival fraction of HT29 colorectal cancer cells were evaluated.
Methods: The present study was performed at the Institute of Biotechnology, affiliated to Urmia University, Urmia, Iran in the year 2013. In this laboratory experiment, ma-lignant cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. HT-29 cells were cultured at 5105 cells/well into 6-well culture plates for overnight. Thereafter, the cells were pretreated with either 50 or 100 µM DHA for 4 hours and malignant cells were irradiated with either dose of 2 or 10 Gy. Cell viability was evalu-ated by trypan blue staining after 48 hours. Moreover, malignant cells were pretreated with either 50 or 100 µM DHA for 48 hours and irradiated with dose of 2 to 10 Gy. Thereafter, survival rate was evaluated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay after 6 days.
Results: Cell viabilities were found to be 59.8% and 17.5% for 50 µM DHA in combi-nation with doses of 2 and 10 Gy respectively. Using 100 µM DHA diminished cell vi-ability up to 47% and 13.9% following doses of 2 and 10 Gy respectively. Treatment of cells with DHA accompanied by increasing doses of γ-rays significantly diminished survival rate. In treated cells with 50 and 100 µM DHA, survival rate were measured to be 79.1%, 57.6%, 42.8%, 40.5%, 34% and 55.8%, 43.7%, 33.6%, 27.9%, 23.5% for doses of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 Gy respectively.
Conclusion: Our study indicates that DHA decreases colorectal cancer cells prolifera-tion and could provide a new radiosensitizer drug to enhance the efficacy of colorectal cancer radiotherapy.
Rouhangiz Babakhanianzadeh, Nahid Masoudian , Amirnader Emami Razavi, Gholam Basati ,
Volume 73, Issue 7 (10-2015)
Abstract
Background: Low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles have shown to be heterogeneous structures with distinctive electrical charges. Alteration in the fatty acids content of the LDL particles is known to affect their structural features, electrical charges, and ultimately physiologic properties and, in this way, may play a role in the pathology of coronary artery disease (CAD). On the basis of evidences, in the present study, the relationship of fatty acids content of LDL particles and their electrical charge was assessed in patients with CAD in comparison with control subjects. Methods: In the current case- control study, from subjects who referred to the Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam during a time period from December 2013 to October 2014, 40 CAD patients and 40 control subjects were selected based on the clinical and angiographic parameters. The fatty acids content and electrical charges of LDL particles were measured by using a gas chromatography system, equipped with a flame ionization detector GC-FID, Acme 6000 M (Young Lin Co., Korea) as well as a Zetasizer (Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK), respectively. Results: In the present study, CAD patients and control subjects were matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). The electrical charge amounts of LDL particles in the patients group was significantly lower than those in the control subjects (P= 0.0001). There was an inverse correlation between the electrical charge amounts of the LDL particles and the saturated fatty acids as well as linoleic acid contents of them in CAD patients group. However, we found a direct correlation between the unsaturated fatty acids (monounsaturated fatty acids and some of the polyunsaturated ones) content of the LDL particles and their electrical charge amounts (P= 0.02). Conclusion: Results of the present study demonstrated that the increased saturated fatty acids as well as the linoleic acid contents of the LDL particles are associated with decreased electrical charge amounts of these particles and this situation may engage in pathogenesis of CAD.
