Showing 32 results for Fertility
R Behdani ,
Volume 58, Issue 1 (4-2000)
Abstract
Over a period of 4 years 325 infertile women were evaluated by diagnostic by laparoscopy, which included 250 cases of primary and 75 cases of secondary infertility. The aim of the present study was to find out the probable causes of infertility by collecting qualitative and quantitative data from laparoscopy results of the secondary infertility group so as to give precautions for decreasing the predisposing factors. The results of this study showed that pelvic adhesion was the most frequent pathologic findings (57 cases), which could be due to complication of PID or surgical trauma. 14 cases had other problems and only 4 cases showed no apparent pathological anomalies.
Hr Sadeghi Pour Roudsari , A Mahdavi , S Taamoli , Z Jalali ,
Volume 58, Issue 1 (4-2000)
Abstract
We studied fertility indices of Iranian and non-Iranian populations which were covered by 23 Rays health houses. This cross-sectional study aimed to prove the effect of increasing number of non-Iranian immigrants on health indices of the area covered by Tehran university of medical sciences and health services, consequently giving attention to specific health programs. The data collection method was census of permanent residents of the villages by means of vital horoscopes. 8494 of 27611 persons were non-Iranian. Dependency ratio and natural growth rate was 75%, 1.14% in Iranians and 98%, 1.74% in non-Iranians, respectively. Mortality in non-Iranians was 1.24 times more than Iranians. General fertility rate in Iranians was 60 and in non-Iranians was 110 live births in 1000 women of child bearing age. Total fertility rate in Iranians was 1.73 and in non-Iranians 3.27 neonates for each woman. Age-specific fertility rates were absolutely higher in non-Iranians. Gross eproductive rate was 0.87 in Iranians and 1.59 in non-Iranians. Mean number of girls born by a non-Iranian mother will be double times of an Iranian mother (P<0.01). Modern contraceptive methods coverage was 70% in Iranian couples and less than 40% in non-Iranian couples. 96.94% of Iranian deliveries and 70.9% of non-Iranian deliveries were safe (P<0.01).
Sedaghat Siahkal M, Nojoomi M, Kamali M, Tavajjohi Sh, Kashfi F,
Volume 61, Issue 5 (8-2003)
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of sub-fertility in Tehran (Iran).
Materials and Methods: The survey method was descriptive- Interview in 22 Municipal district (Iran) and a representative sample of women who were in their fertility age (25-45) were selected. After exclusion of 13 cases not meeting age criteria and 190 non-respondent cases 1987 remained.
Results: For this large city with a population of about seven million at the time of the study, we estimated the cumulative incidence of sub-fertility in 2001 to be 12.6% (95% confidence interval 11.2-14.1%). About 2.8% of this population was left with an unresolved infertility.
Conclusion: Between 11.2-14.1% of population of couples in Tehran experienced subfertility in their life and about 2.8% had unresolved infertility this must arise serious consideration to health programmer in Iran.
Vosooghi M, Sadeghipour Roodsari Hr, Amini M, Simi S,
Volume 64, Issue 7 (8-2006)
Abstract
Background: The male antifertility activity of Gossypol, the active ingredient of cotton seed, inspired the idea for development of an agent with male contraceptive activity. The result of subsequent studies lead to the discovery of several class of compounds with antifertility activity.
In this study the antifertility activity of iso-Propyl and iso-Butyl derivatives of dihydropridine were evaluated.
Methods: The two aforementioned compounds were administered subcutaneously in (10 mg/kg/day) dose to male rats. The animals were treated and kept according to the TUMS committee recommendations on ethical and animal maintenance considerations. Sixty days after the first injection the following fertility and histological indices were evaluated, animal’s body weight difference (B.W.D), sperms motility, sperm viability, ESR (epididymal sperm reserve), DSP (daily sperm production), serum testosterone concentration, fertility index, GSI (gonado somatic index).
Histological indices are respectively the area and circumference of seminiferous tubules, each testis and their crosswise dissections, the diameter of seminiferous tubules and the number of seminiferous tubules per square millimeter, that were determined.
Results: The values of the two test groups were determined and compared with the results of normal group that were using normal saline only and the blank that were receiving propyllenglycol only.
Conclusion: The significant inhibitive activity of candidate compounds on animal's physiologic indices were in accordance of our pervious estimation of compounds activity as (lead compound) for synthesis and preparation of new compounds with male contraceptive activity
D Jamali Zavareii. M, Jarrahi. Mr,
Volume 64, Issue 11 (10-2006)
Abstract
Background: Germ cell aplasia (G.C.A) is one of the most important testicular
causes of infertility and azospermia.In this condition the seminiferous tubules
are only lined by a single layer of sertoli cell. In some cases, there is focal area
with spermatogenic activity.
Methods: We studied infertile men with G.C.A referred to Jahade Daneshgahi
of Iran during 1381-82, retrospectively. All the cases had more than one
biopsy of one testis.
Results: In 11.6٪ of 320 cases, comparison of multiple biopsy sites of a testis
revealed: when one site showed G.C.A, another site revealed areas with
spermatogenic activity. Considering the cases who showed germ cells in both
sites, 15.3٪ of cases multiple biopsy sites appeared to have focal
spermatogenesis, better maturation of germ cells or higher scoring area for
urologic operation.
Conclusion: According to new techniques in treatment of infertility with ICSI
(intra cytoplasmic sperm injection) in which fertility is possible with one
spermatozoa or even spermatid (after recovery), biopsy of multiple sites
instead of only one site is highly recommended in azospermic patient.
Khalili M B, Sharifi Yazdi M K, Sadeh M,
Volume 65, Issue 3 (6-2007)
Abstract
Background: Infertility is a worldwide problem. Many different factors may cause infertility. Among them, bacterial infection of the reproductive system is one of the main factors. Recently, some limited investigation has revealed that H. pylori is capable of causing genital inflammation that may lead to infertility. Although known to be a causative agent of gastritis and duodenal ulcers, this species may be transferred orally to the vagina and asymptomatic infection leads to inflammation of the system and finally manifestation of infertility. In addition, infertility may be due to antibodies synthesized against H. pylori cross-reacting with the genital tissue.
Methods: In the present study, 180 women consisting of 90 cases referred to IVF center of Yazd and 90 matched controls were enrolled. Serum was taken from all women for detection of IgG and IgM using the ELISA technique.
Results: A total of 117 (65%) serum samples were positive for Helicobacter, of which 63.3% were from fertile and 66.7% from infertile women. The serum positive population was found to be predominantly in the age range of 25-35, although some 35-42 year olds were also serum positive. When the prevalence of Helicobacter infection status was compared with marriage duration in both groups, it was found that antibody titer in subjects from marriages with durations of greater than five years was significantly higher than those of five-year marriages. In addition, higher antibody titers were found in infertile women with fallopian tube (FT) factor and lower titers in those with polycystic factors.
Conclusion: Although the results were not significant, they nevertheless indicate that the Helicobacter antibody titers in infertile women were higher than those of fertile women (P =0.6). Therefore, further studies are necessary to determine the role that Helicobacter infection plays with regard to infertility among women. Since the antibody titer in infertile cases with FT factor was higher than others, it may indicate that inflammation caused by H. pylori plays an indirect role in the induction of infertility.
Ramezanzadeh F, Noorbala Aa, Malak Afzali H, Abedinia N, Rahimi A, Shariet M, Rashidi B, Tehraninajad A, Sohravand F, Bagheri M,
Volume 65, Issue 8 (11-2007)
Abstract
Background: Considering the psycho-social model of diseases, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of psychiatric intervention on the pregnancy rate of infertile couples.
Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 638 infertile patients referred to a university infertility clinic were evaluated. Among them, 140 couples with different levels of depression in at least one of the spouses were included in this substudy. These couples were divided randomly into two groups. The patients in the case group received 6-8 sessions of psychotherapy before starting infertility treatment and were given fluoxetine 20-60 mg per day during the same period. The control group did not receive any intervention. Three questionnaires including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Holmes-Rahe stress scale and a socio-demographic questionnaire were applied for all patients. The clinical pregnancy rates of the two groups, based on sonographic detection of the gestational sac six weeks after LMP, were compared. The data were analyzed by paired-T test, T-test, χ2 and the logistic regression method.
Results: The pregnancy rate was 47.1% in the case group and 7.1% in the control group. The pregnancy rate was significantly related to the duration and cause of infertility and the level of stress in both groups (p< 0.001). The pregnancy rate was shown to be higher in couples in which the male has a secondary level of education (p< 0.001).
Conclusions: Psychiatric interventions greatly improve pregnancy rates, and it is therefore crucial to mandate psychiatric counseling in all fertility centers in order to diagnose and treat infertile patients with psychiatric disorders and help couples deal with stress.
Abolghasemi A, Shibani H, Narimani M, Ganji M,
Volume 66, Issue 7 (10-2008)
Abstract
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Background: Infertility
influences various aspects of a woman's personality and psyche, and affects her
functions within her family and occupation, as well as her ability to
communicate. Studies have shown that infertility is associated with depression,
stress, anxiety, dissatisfaction with life and other psychological problems.
The purpose of the present study was to compare the dimensions of neuroticism
and androgyny in fertile, infertile and postmenopausal women.
Methods: This study included of 180 fertile, infertile and
postmenopausal women (60 in each group) selected from inpatients at Imam
Khomeini and Mirza Koochak Khan Hospitals, Tehran,
Iran, during 2004. Data were collected using the NEO Personality
Inventory Neuroticism Scale and Bem Sex-Role Inventory and analyzed using the
one-way ANOVA technique.
Results: LSD test results show
that mean neuroticism scores were significantly different between the three
groups, with scores following the trend: infertile women >
postmenopausal women > fertile women. The mean androgyny scores were also significantly
different between the three groups, following the trend: infertile women <
postmenopausal women < fertile women (p<0.01).
Conclusion: The results of this research are congruent with
findings from other studies. These results may be useful for infertility
counseling and therapy.
Mirfeizollahi A, Farivar Sh, Akhondi Mm, Modarresi Mh, Hodjat M, Sadeghi Mr,
Volume 66, Issue 12 (3-2009)
Abstract
Background: Pi-GST and Mu-GST are subclasses of glutathione S-transferase that present on human sperm surface and play an important role against oxidative stress. Therefore, any defects in the enzyme activity may be associated with male infertility.In this study the polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTP1 in association with enzyme activity and sperm parameters were studied.
Methods: This case-control study involved 95 men with oligoastenoteratozoospermia and 26 controls with normozoospermia. Semen analyses were carried out according to WHO guidelines. Blood DNA was extracted using salting out procedures. GSTM1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms gene were determined through PCR-RFLP and multiplex PCR, respectively. Finally, Glutathione S-transferase activity was measured.
Results: Frequencies of GSTM1 null genotype in oligoastenoteratospermic and normospermic groups were 52.1% and 53.8% respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in sperm parameters and enzyme activity between GSTM1 null and positive genotypes in two groups. There were no statistically significant differences in glutathione S-transferase activity between oligoastenoteratospermia and normospermic groups (p>0.05). All the 121 men in this study had Ile/Ile genotypes at 105 codon of GSTP1. Frequency of normal homozygote (114Ala/Ala), heterozygote (114Ala/Val) and mutant homozygote (114Val/Val) genotypes in oligoastenoteratospermic group were 81.1%, 17.9% and 1.1% respectively but in the control group they were 88.5%, 11.5% and null.
Conclusions: Total glutathione S-transferase activity and sperm parameters were not affected by deficient Glutathione S-transferase activity in GSTM1 null genotype. Compensate activity of other sperm surface glutathione S-transferase isozymes, like GSTP1, may justify the cause.
Dorostghoal M, Moazedi Aa, Ghalambaz E,
Volume 68, Issue 7 (10-2010)
Abstract
Background: In the recent years, concerns have been raised about the incidence of reproductive disorders in human populations. The present study was aimed to determine the effects of maternal exposure to Di 2 ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) on postnatal development of ovary in Wistar rat offsprings.
Methods: Forty female Wistar rats were randomly divided in four equal experiment groups an oil vehicle group and three DEHP-treated groups that received 10, 100 and 500 mg/kg/day Di 2 ethylhexylphthalate by gavage during lactation, respectively. The ovaries of pups were removed at 60 days of postnatal development their weights recorded and fixed in Bouin's solution subsequently 6 µm serial paraffin sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin the structural changes of ovarian follicles and corpora lutea were studied.
Results: There was no significant difference on mean body weights of offsprings among different groups. However, the mean of ovary weight was decreased significantly (p= 0.037) in 500 mg/kg/day DEHP group. Significant decreases were seen in mean number of primary follicles (p= 0.012) and mean number and diameter of secondary (p= 0.023 and p= 0.012, respectively) and antral (p= 0.025 and p= 0.018, respectively) follicles in high dose DEHP-treated group compared to sham group. Also, mean number of corpora lutea decreased significantly (p= 0.023) at 60 days of age in ovary of offspring in 500 mg/kg/day DEHP group. Moreover, significant increases were seen in number of atretic follicles in moderate (p= 0.012) and high (p= 0.036) DEHP-treated groups.
Conclusion: Present study showed that maternal exposure to Di 2 ethylhexylphthalate during lactation affects postnatal development of ovary in offspring Wistar rats and reduces their fertility and reproductive efficiency at puberty.
Sadrpour P, Bahador A, Asgari S, Bagheri R, Chamani-Tabriz L,
Volume 70, Issue 10 (1-2013)
Abstract
Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the world, but the effect of this infection on male fertility is still controversial. Despite reports of interaction between Mycoplasma genitalium and sperm, this pathogen in semen samples of infertile men is less studied. We studied, the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium infection in infertile men.
Methods: Among attending Avicenna Infertility Center, 120 men who had abnormal semen analysis tests were selected and the samples were taken. After detailed analysis of semen quality, DNA was extracted from each sample by chelex. Samples were evaluated for these two pathogens by multiplex PCR. Results were statistically analyzed.
Results: Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium was detected in 23/3% and 12/5% of the samples, respectively. Although, Mycoplasma genitalium infection rises by increasing (P=0.640) and decreasing in age of first sexually activity (P=0.203), and also positive cases of Chlamydia trachomatis infection showed increase regarding age increase (P=0.619) and age decrease in first sexually activity (P=0.511), but these differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: All in all, regarding to the increased prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection compared with the only similar study in Iran and high prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium infection in infertile men, this assessment was done. A multiplex PCR protocol rapidly and simultaneously identify these organisms in comparison with uniplex from clinical samples. Based on our results screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium infection among infertile men seems to be valuable.
Marjan Sabbaghian, Tahereh Modarresi, Hani Hosseinifar, Ali Daliri Hampa, Leila Karimian, Firoozeh Ghaffari, Jalil Hosseini, Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani,
Volume 71, Issue 8 (11-2013)
Abstract
Background: Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is one the most common methods in infertility treatment, but its efficiency in infertile couples with male factor is controversial. This study is a retrospective study about correlation between semen parameters and male and female age with successful rate of IUI in patients attending to Royan Institute.
Methods: A total of 998 consecutive couples in a period of 6 months undergoing IUI were included. They were classified into two groups: couples with successful and unsuccessful pregnancy. Main outcome was clinical pregnancy. Data about male and female ages and semen analysis including concentration, total sperm motility, class A motility, class B motility, class A+B motility and normal morphology was extracted from patients’ records. Semen samples were collected by masturbation or coitus after 2 to 7 days of abstinence. Their female partners were reported to have no chronic medi-cal conditions and have normal menstrual cycles.
Results: One hundred and fifty seven of total 998 cycles (15.7%) achieved pregnancy. The average of female age in successful and unsuccessful group was 28.95±4.19 and 30.00±4.56 years, respectively. Mean of male age was 33.97±4.85 years in successful group and 34.44±4.62 years in unsuccessful group. In successful and unsuccessful groups, average of sperm concentration was 53.62±38.45 and 46.26±26.59 (million sperm/ml), normal morphology of sperm was 8.98±4.31 (%) and 8.68±4.81 (%), sperm total motility was 47.24±18.92 (%) and 43.70±20.22 (%) and total motile sperm count was 80.10±63.61 million and 78.57±68.22 million, respectively.
Conclusion: There was no significant difference in mean of females’ age and males’ age between successful and unsuccessful groups (P<0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in semen parameters including concentration, total sperm motility, class A motility, class B motility, class A+B motility and normal morphology between two groups. It was shown that common semen analysis and male and female ages cannot predict IUI outcome.
Mohammad Miryounesi , Zeinab Jamali , Masoumeh Razipour , Elahe Alavinejad , Mohammad Hossein Modarressi ,
Volume 72, Issue 11 (2-2015)
Abstract
Background: About 15% of couples have fertility problems and male factor in fertility accounts for half of the cases. In vitro generation of germ cells introduces a novel approach to male infertility and provides an effective system in gene tracking studies, however many aspects of this process have remained unclear. We aimed to promote mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) differentiation into germ cells and evaluate its effectiveness with tracking the expression of the Testis specific 10 (Tsga10) during this process.
Methods: This is an in vitro study that was performed in department of Medical Genetics in Tehran University of Medical Sciences from February 2012 to March 2013. Mouse embryonic stem cells were cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblast as feeder layer. Then mESCs were differentiated into germ cells in the presence of Retinoic Acid. Based on developmental schedule of the postnatal testis, samples were taken on the 7th, 12th and 25th days of the culture and were subjected to expression analysis of a panel of germ cell specific genes (Stra8 as pre-meiotic, Dazl and Sycp3 as meiotic and Protamin1 and Spata19 as Post-meiotic). Expression of Testis Specific Gene 10 (Tsga10) at RNA and protein levels was then analyzed.
Results: It was shown that transition of embryonic stem cells from mitosis to meiosis occurred between 7th and 12th days of mESC culture and post-meiotic gene expression did not occur until 25th day of the culture. Results showed low level of Tsga10 expression in undifferentiated stem cells. During transition from meiotic to post-meiotic phase, Tsga10 expression increased in 6.6 folds. This finding is in concordance with in vivo changes during transition from pre-pubertal to pubertal stage. Localization of processed and unprocessed form of the related protein was similar to those in vivo as well.
Conclusion: Expression pattern of Tsga10, as a gene with critical function in spermatogenesis, is similar during in vitro and in vivo germ cell generation. The results suggest that in vitro derived germ cells could be a trusted model to study genes behavior during spermatogenesis.
Fariba Nanbakhsh , Behrooz Ilkhanizadeh , Nava Moghadasian Niaki , Sima Oshnouei, Pooya Mazloomi ,
Volume 73, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Background: Last decades, we have observed major improvements in treating infertility by using microinjection. However, reduction in abortion or increase in fertility has not been significant. It seems use of corticosteroids improves clinical outcomes during assisted reproductive technology (ART) techniques. Therefore, this study tried to show how corticosteroids therapy improves the results of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Methods: This semi clinical trial study without control group was included infertile women with more than one year’s infertility and were candidate to ICSI which were referred to Kosar Infertility Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences from April 2011 to September 2013. Patients received prednisolone which was started 20 mg/day from one day before embryo transfer to 7 days, then for 2 days more 1 tablet and stopped. Pregnancy outcomes were chemical and clinical pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, multiple pregnancy and rate of abortion before 20 weeks. Beta human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) test was performed. Patients with positive pregnancy test were followed by sonography in 6, 12 weeks and 20 weeks of pregnancy. Results: One hundred and eighty one patients entered to the study. The mean± SD of age and fertility duration were 30.42± 6.07 and 7.69± 5.54 years. The mean± SD of transferred embryo was 4.60± 1.10 and embryo grading was 138 (44.7%) grade A, 124 (40.1%) grade B, 47 (15.2%) grade C, respectively. There were no significant difference between fresh/frozen embryo transfer in pregnancy outcomes (P> 0.05 in all of outcomes comparison). The incidence rate of biochemical pregnancy was 48.1% (87), clinical pregnancy rate with appearance of fetal heart was 44.2% (80), incidence rate of abortion before appearance of fetal heart (6 weeks) in women with intra-uterine pregnancy was 5.9% (5), incidence rate of abortion before 20 weeks was 12.9% (11). Incidence rate of ectopic pregnancy was 2.3% (2) and rate of multiple pregnancies was 32.5% (26). Conclusion: Our study suggests that the infertile patients who receive prednisolone in ICSI cycle, had improved pregnancy outcomes. Additional confirmatory studies are needed.
Sariyeh Golmahammadlou, Masomeh Hagishafiha , Tayebeh Karjooyan , Sima Oshnouei , Sarvin Pashapoor ,
Volume 73, Issue 4 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection may be having no clinical symptoms and if not treated will be persisting. This infection was considered as gastric diseases even during pregnancy. During the last decade its relationship with pregnancy related- disorders has been strongly reported in literature. In this study we evaluated the effect of positive IgG and CagA strains helicobacter pylori on incidence of early spontaneous abortions.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 women were referred to health centers and Motahari Hospital, Urmia, Iran, from October 2012 to March 2013. Fifty women with first miscarriage as cases and 50 women with previous normal delivery as controls were studied. A 2-cc blood sample was taken from each patient to evaluate the specific IgG titer by ELISA method. All results of samples with positive H. pylori IgG, were assayed for anti-CagA, IgG antibodies. A questionnaire was filled for each subject. The associations between CagA positive cases with odds of spontaneous abortion incidence were analyzed by using SPSS software, ver. 19 (Chicago, IL, USA).
Results: Mean (±SD) of age were 21.0±5.78 and 30.78±5.10 years for cases and controls group respectively. There was no significant difference in mean of age (P=0.25), and parity (P=1) between two groups. H. pylori IgG antibodies were positive among 23 and 24 (46% vs. 48%) in women with aborted and normal pregnancy respectively. Relationship between IgG status and miscarriage was not significant (OR=0.92, CI95%: 0.39-2.17, P=0.84). In particular anti-CagA antibodies were positive among 18 and 13(78.3% vs. 54.2%) in women with aborted and normal pregnancy respectively. Among women with CagA positive strains had higher odds of miscarriage (OR=3.05, CI95%: 0.73-13.76, P=0.08), but it wasn’t significant.
Conclusion: According to the result of this study there was not any association between HP infection and miscarriage. We recommend more studies with larger sample size for determining the effect of CagA positive strains on miscarriage.
Meysam Jangkhah, Faramarz Farrahi , Abdolhossein Shiravi, Mohammad Ali Sadighi Gilani , Seyed Jalil Hosseini , Farid Dadkhah, Reza Salman Yazdi, Mohammad Chehrazi,
Volume 73, Issue 6 (9-2015)
Abstract
Background: Varicocele is recognized as the most common cause of male factor infertility and is found in 15% of the general population. This prevalence increases to 35% in men presenting with primary infertility and between 70 to 80% in men presenting with secondary infertility. The effect of varicocele on Leydig cell function and testosterone production has been always a question. In this study we examined the effect of varicocelectomy on serum testosterone.
Methods: This research protocol was approved by the institutional review board at Royan Institute in infertility department and also this study has been done in Royan Institute (Tehran, Iran) during one year since September 2012 till October 2013. In this cross-sectional study, Serum levels of total testosterone in 79 men with clinical varicocele and in 70 fertile men who served as a control group were compared. Men aged 23–46 years with clinically palpable varicoceles as determined by physical examination were studied. Three to 6 months, testosterone levels were measured again after varicocelectomy, then testosterone levels were compared before and after varicocelectomy.
Results: The mean of serum testosterone levels before surgery in infertile men with varicocele and fertile men were 590(230) vs. 583(237) ng/dl respectively. No statistically significant changes were noted in serum testosterone levels for any groups. Three month after varicocelectomy mean serum testosterone levels were significantly increased in infertile men with varicocele compared with preoperative levels from 590 (230) to 663 (242) ng/dl (P=0.009). Also the testis volume of patients were examined, which were divided into two groups included the men with testis volume less than 16 ml (<16) and more than 16 ml (≥16).
Conclusion: In infertile men affected with clinical varicocele, varicocelectomy seems to have caused positive impact on the level of serum testosterone increase. It is thought that positive effect is probably caused by improvement of the Leydig cell functions which induce the increase of serum testosterone level.
Atoosa Bagheri Behzad, Barzin Bagheri Behzad , Hassan Niroomand , Mahbod Ebrahimi , Gholamreza Poormand , Firoozeh Akbari Asbagh,
Volume 73, Issue 9 (12-2015)
Abstract
Background: Infertility is defined as failure to achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse. Infertility can be related to male or female factors. Varicocele is the most common cause of infertility in men that is correctable with surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) on semen parameters in infertile men.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial was done on 96 infertile men admitted to the Women's General Hospital Mohebe-Yas from September 2014 to September 2015. Inclusion criteria were to include varicocelectomy for unilateral idiopathic varicoceles and consent to participate in the study. Allergy to the drug combination and patient dissatisfaction were exclusion criteria. Patients participating in the study were divided into two groups randomly, one group received recombinant FSH three times a week and the other group received a placebo (normal saline) in the same way. After three months, the improvement of semen parameters, including motility, morphology and sperm count as well as the complications were determined in both groups. The data were analyzed with statistical software SPSS version 13 (Chicago, IL, USA).
Results: A total of 96 patients were enrolled in two groups of 48 men and women both groups were matched in terms of underlying factors. The rate of improvement in the morphology and motility of sperm in the treated group was significantly more than the placebo group (P= 0.0001) but the changes in sperm count were not significantly different between the groups (P= 0.495).
Conclusion: In summary, based on the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that recombinant FSH is effective on improving semen parameters in infertile men after varicocelectomy compared with a placebo group and its major impact is on the morphology and motility of sperm.
Nahideh Pazhohan , Azar Pazhohan , Nasrin Niromand , Mahbod Ebrahimi ,
Volume 73, Issue 10 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background: Receptivity of endometrium has a critical role in the establishment of pregnancy after embryo transfer in the treatment process of infertile couples. As the glycoprotein CA-125 is a product of human endometrium and is measurable in the peripheral circulation, it is investigated whether it might serve as an indicator of endometrial receptivity and predictor of pregnancy following Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
Methods: In an observational diagnostic study, over a twelve-month period (from August 2013 to July 2014), all couples with male-factor infertility who attended to infertility clinic of Moheb Yas Hospital, Tehran and were candidate of performing ICSI, were invited to participate in the study. Based on the inclusion criteria of study, 64 women were eligible to take part in the study. They were assessed for serum CA-125 levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) administration and also on the day of oocyte retrieval. After ICSI, the possibility of pregnancy was assessed by measuring serum concentration of &beta-HCG on 14 days after embryo transfer and also by visualizing the gestational sac by trans-vaginal ultrasound examination on four to five weeks after transfer. The pregnancy rate was compared between those with normal and high CA-125 levels.
Results: Among the subjects, 15 patients (23.4%) had high CA-125 levels, and totally 19 patients (29.7%) experienced pregnancy. Among those with normal and high CA-125 levels, 16 patients (32.7%) and 3 subjects (20%) experienced pregnancy, respectively, that showed no statistically significant difference according to Chi-square test (P=0.348). Also, according to the Fisher’s exact test, there was no correlation between CA-125 levels and the rate of pregnancy on the basis of body mass index (BMI).
Conclusion: Totally, according to the obtained results in current study, it may be concluded that serum CA-125 levels has no prognostic value in prediction of the outcomes of ICSI among infertile couples with male-factor infertility.
Maryam Khanehzad , Farid Abolhasani , Seyed Morteza Koruji , Iraj Ragerdi Kashani , Fereshteh Aliakbari ,
Volume 73, Issue 12 (3-2016)
Abstract
Background: Spermatogenesis is a complex and highly organized process of proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) as a unique stem cell have the potential to self-renewal, differentiation and transmit genetic information to the next generation and play a vital role in maintaining fertility. Sertoli cells as the only somatic cells within the seminiferous epithelium play central roles in the formation of niche and balance between self-renewal and differentiation by secrete many growth factors. Given the importance and widespread use of SSCs, particularly in the treatment of infertility, the aim of this study was to create an optimal environment for the proliferation of SSCs. So we decided to study of undifferentiated (ID4) and differentiated (c-Kit) gene expression in SSCs followed by co-culture with Sertoli cells for a one-month.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted from November 2013 to December 2014 in Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, on immature NMRI mouse (6-3 days old). Initially, Sertoli cells and SSCs were isolated from neonates mouse testes during the two-step enzymatic digestion characteristics Sertoli cells with vimentin marker and SSCs with promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger (PLZF) marker were confirmed. Then SSCs were cultured in two groups: co-culture with Sertoli and without co-culture (control). Undifferentiated (ID4) and differentiation (c-Kit) gene expression were evaluated by Real-time PCR technique.
Results: Spermatogonial stem cells purity was obtained 66.91% by flow cytometry. The relative expression levels of gene ID4 in co-culture group at the end of each week, compared to the control group showed a significant increase (P<0.05). While the expression of this gene significantly decreased in each group over time (P<0.05). The results of the comparison of the relative expression of c-Kit gene in co-culture group are indicated significant decrease than the control group at the end of each week (P<0.05). In addition, this gene expression was showed significant increase in each group individually over time (P<0.05) ID4 gene expression showed a significant (P<0.05) increase toward the control group, while in the expression of c-Kit was observed a significant (P<0.05) decrease compared with the control group at the end of each week.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, co-culture with Sertoli cells maintains SSCs in the prolifration stage for long-term, so can be used to optimize the culture medium at the clinic.
Soheila Aminimoghaddam , Sara Norouzi ,
Volume 74, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), commonly referred to premature ovarian failure, is defined as ovarian failure before the age of 40 years. It is the loss of ovarian function caused by a process directly affecting ovaries. Cancer therapy which includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy influence ovarian function, leading to premature menopause and loss of fertility. POI is idiopathic in most cases (74-90%). The known causes, in addition to anticancer treatment, are other processes like chromosomal abnormalities, autoimmunity, and natural aging can result in secondary ovarian failure, which is detected by an increase in serum gonadotropin levels (FSH and LH). There are evident risks of POI in women treated for cancer. Those who receive anticancer treatments have an increased risk of developing POI. There by, anticancer drugs and radiation therapy are considered as the most common toxins of ovaries. Although cancer incidence rates in women less than 50 years old continue to increase during recent years, mortality rates are dramatically decreasing due to modern advances in treatment. Increasing numbers of survivors are now confronted with the long-term consequences of exposure to these treatments. The pool of primordial follicles in the ovary is fixed and any injury to the ovary can potentially reduce this ovarian reserve, effectively advancing the patient’s reproductive age, thus narrowing the window of reproductive opportunity. Ovarian failure occurs in a significant percentage of childhood cancer survivors and many of them will seek care for reproductive dysfunction. Nevertheless, Embryo cryopreservation, oocyte cryopreservation, ovary tissue cryopreservation, ovarian suppression and oophoro-pexy are some options to preserve fertility in these groups. As a result, having foreknowledge of potential treatment related ovarian failure will allow the physician to give a better counsel to patients and their family regarding the importance and timing of fertility preservation by giving an estimated window of fertility. The objectives of the current review are to report on the etiology of POF induced through cancer therapy.
