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Examining the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19 admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia in the first half of 2021
Hamid Reza Mehryar, Mohammad Reza Hosseini Azar , Afshin Ebrahimi , Omid Garkaz,
Volume 82, Issue 4 (7-2024)
Abstract
Background: Although the respiratory system is the main element involved in the disease of COVID-19, nevertheless, there are reports of the involvement of other organs and their lesser symptoms. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on all patients diagnosed with COVID-19 hospitalized in Imam Khomeini Hospital from April to September 2021 by census method. The data was collected using a checklist that included demographic information. After the data was collected, it was entered into SPSS software, version 18 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA) and analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics.
Results: In this study, the results showed that out of 2580 hospitalized patients, 54% were women and 46% were men. And the average age of the patients was 58.67±17.68. The highest frequency of people was in the age range of 40-59 years (925 people). 64% of patients had at least one gastrointestinal symptom, Each of the symptoms had a different prevalence, Anorexia 40% with a preference for men (57%) and the highest frequency in the age range of 40-59 years (430 people), gastrointestinal bleeding 10% with a preference for men (80%), And the highest frequency in the age range of 60-79 years (112 people), abdominal pain 8% with preference for women (65%) with preference for frequency in the age range of 40-59 years (65 people), vomiting 3% with preference for women (51%) with abundance in the age range of 80-99 years (58 people), diarrhea 1.5% with preference in men (51%) with abundance in the age range of 60-79 years (18 people) and constipation in 0.2% with preference Women (67%), all of whom were over 60 years old.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the COVID-19 disease can not only involve the respiratory system but also the digestive system in the course or beginning of the disease.

Evaluation of serum amylase levels in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and its association with disease prognosis
Neda Faraji, Mahbobeh Alizadeh, Asghar Ghorbani, Hadiseh Hosami Roodsari , Samane Akbarpour , Mohammad Arefi,
Volume 82, Issue 11 (2-2025)
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate serum amylase levels in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and investigate its association with disease prognosis. Elevated serum amylase levels have been reported in some COVID-19 patients, particularly in severe cases. This increase may indicate pancreatic involvement (pancreatitis) due to viral infection. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the role of serum amylase levels as a prognostic marker in COVID-19 patients.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 at Baharloo Hospital, Tehran, over a one-year period (July 2021–July 2022). The results showed that 20% of patients (30 out of 150) had elevated serum amylase levels. Patients with high amylase levels had significantly longer hospital stays (mean 14 days vs. 8 days) and higher mortality rates (15% vs. 5%). Additionally, these patients were more likely to require intensive care (25% vs. 10%). Statistical analysis revealed that elevated serum amylase levels were independently associated with poorer clinical outcomes.
Results: These results have important clinical implications for patient management. Routine measurement of serum amylase at admission could help identify high-risk patients who may benefit from closer monitoring and early intervention. Further research is needed to determine whether specific treatments for pancreatic involvement could improve outcomes in these patients.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that measuring serum amylase levels at admission can serve as a simple and accessible marker for identifying high-risk patients. Elevated amylase in COVID-19 patients is an important biological indicator of multi-organ involvement (pancreas and kidney) and severe inflammation, which is associated with worse prognosis and higher mortality. Monitoring this marker may aid clinical decision-making and improve patient outcomes

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