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Showing 9 results for Incidence
Investigation of enterocolitis incidence due to Clostridium Difficile from the referred to Tehran hospitals
Mh Salari,
Volume 53, Issue 2 (5-1995)
Abstract
Pseudomembrane colitis (PMC) and antibiotic associated colitis (AAC) are acute disease of the colon. In the case of in adequate treatment, the disease will often become chronic and my lead to the dysplasia of the epithelial cells of the infected areas. Previously because of poor knowledge. Treatment in this case, one of the method for treatment was surgical ablation of the large intestine while the patients could have been treated with oral vancomycin. In this study the following results were obtained: Out of 2517 enterocolitis patients under study, 1384 were men and 1133 women. By anaerobic culture method, 132 cases C.Difficile were isolated from the total samples and Hela cell culture method, toxin was determined in 36 samples (1.43%).
Assessment And Comparing The Efficacy Of Propofol Pretreatment With Dexamethasone In Prevalence And Severity Of Its Pain On Injection.
G Shoeibi , J Khajavi Khan , A Movafegh ,
Volume 63, Issue 1 (5-2005)
Abstract

Background: One of the disturbing complications of propofol is pain on venous injection. Some investigators had reported that corticosteroids effectively induce and prolong the duration of local anesthetics. The aim of this study was to assess and comparing the efficacy of propofol pretreatment with dexamethasone in prevalence and severity of its pain on injection.

Materials and Methods: In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled prospective study, 90ASA I and II, 20 to 60 years-old patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled. In all patients, one of the veins of both hands was catheterized with a 20 G catheter. Then randomly, and simultaneously 2 ml dexamethasone (8 mg) was injected to one of them and 2 ml of normal saline was injected to other. After 30 seconds, 2 ml propofol (20 mg) was injected to both hands, at the same time in 30 seconds. Pain intensity was measured using VAS system.

Results: The age mean was 32.87±5.61. Twenty nine patients were male (32.2%). The mean of pain during propofol injection was significantly lower in dexamethasone group than normal saline group (1.61 vs.4.21 respectively, p< 0.05). Also the pain incidence was significantly lower in dexamethasone group compared to normal saline group (20% vs. 57.78% respectively, p> 0.05).

Conclusion: Intravenous administration of 8 mg dexamethasone before propofol IV injection significantly decreases the pain on injection of propofol.


Incidence and risk factors of different phenotypes of pre-diabetes in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study with a 9-year follow up
Hossein Ghahvehchian , Arash Derakhshan , Farzad Hadaegh ,
Volume 73, Issue 12 (3-2016)
Abstract

Background: Pre-diabetes is a high risk condition for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. The target of this study is evaluation of incidence rate of pre-diabetes and its risk factors in a long- term follow up in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.

Methods: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study is a prospective study being accomplished on a characteristic sample of the Tehranian residents at District 13, targeted determining the prevalence and incidence of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors. Four phases of the study have been implemented, including three-year periods from 1999 to 2011. From an overall of 12808, twenty years old and older people at baseline, after excluding participants who did not have the necessary conditions, analyses were accompanied on a 2597 male and 3282 female to estimate pre-diabetes incidence and detect their risk factors.

Results: In men with incident pre-diabetes, age, fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour post-challenge plasma glucose and body mass index in addition to a positive family history of diabetes and <12 years of education were associated to a developed risk of rising pre-diabetes, but intervention and being single had a significant caring effect.

In women with pre-diabetes, 2-hour post-challenge plasma glucose, triglycerides to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio, waist-to-height ratio, fasting plasma glucose and a helpful family history of diabetes increased risk of pre-diabetes, however being divorced/widowed had a slighter risk. Potential risk factors for evolving combined impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance were higher fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour post-challenge plasma glucose, body mass index and triglycerides to high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio, but bigger hip circumference had a caring effect.

Pre-diabetes incidence rate was computed 46.1 per 1000 person-years in men and 36.8 per 1000 person-years in women.

Conclusion: The study showed that the incidence of diabetes and its variants in the Iranian people is high.


Incidence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in malaria-prone regions of Fars province
Salman Daliri , Khairollah Asadollahi , Nazila Rahimi, Kourosh Sayehmiri ,
Volume 75, Issue 9 (12-2017)
Abstract
Background: The deficiency of enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is among the most common genetic diseases in human. The deficiency of G6PD enzyme is one of the most common encountered enzymes, affecting about 400 million people and causing a wide range of undesirable clinical complications worldwide. The performed studies have reported a variety of statements about the relationship between malaria and survival of people with defect, but these kinds of studies are limited in Iran. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of G6PD deficiency among newborns in malarious areas of Fars province.
Methods: The present study was conducted ecologically and descriptively-analytically on 59745 neonates with G6PD deficiency in Fars province, Iran from April 2011 to March 2015. To determine the defect, a point fluorescence test and Kimia commercial kit (KimiaPajoohan Co., Tehran, Iran) were used. To determine the areas with malaria, factors associated with malaria-causing cells in Fars province, including the presence of carriers, the presence of malaria, the incidence of new malaria and the presence of malaria activated sites were studied. The incidence of defect was calculated using the statistical method of estimating the annual incidence rate. ArcGIS software, version 10.3 (ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA) was used to provide geographic mappings and distribution patterns in malarious areas.
Results: The total incidence of G6PD deficiency in newborns was estimated as 15.58 per 100 live births, including 16.25 for boys and 14.85 for girls. The incidence of this defect in malaria-prone areas was higher than other areas. As a region was more malaria-prone, the incidence of G6PD deficiency increased too, which was statistically significant (P= 0.039).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, Fars province is among areas with high incidence of G6PD deficiency. The incidence of G6PD deficiency in malaria-prone areas of Fars province, Iran, is higher than other regions, which indicates better survival of patients against malaria in the past.
 

Evaluation of serum hepatitis A virus antibodies in patients aged 6 months to 10 years
Alireza Yousefi , Mohammad Sobhani Shahmirzadi , Mohammad Ali Vakili , Maryam Kochaki , Kambiz Eftekhari,
Volume 75, Issue 11 (2-2018)
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis A is one of the most common viral infections in the world. In children, the manifestations of infection are usually milder but in adults they are more severe. The risk of acute hepatic failure increases when the infection occurred in the older ages. The aim of the study was to evaluate of serum hepatitis A antibodies in children.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on two hundred children (two groups of hundred individuals each) aged 6 months to 10 years old hospitalized in the emergency department of Taleghani Hospital (Gorgan city) from May to July 2016. The first group aged 6 months to 3 years and the second group 3 to 10 years old. After obtaining the parental consent, 3 ml of blood sample were taken to determine immunoglobulin M (IgM) against HAV using commercial ELISA kits (Dia.Pro Diagnostic, Milano, Italy) and the children’s’ demographic data were recorded.
Results: The study was conducted on two hundred children. Of these patients 127 (63.5 percent) were boys and 73 (36.5 percent) girls. Overall, 11 percent [twenty-two patients including eight (8 percent) in the first group and Thirteen (13 percent) in the second group] were serologically positive for hepatitis A. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and sex. (P= 0.239) and (P= 0.535). Only 11 percent of children under 10 years old were infected by hepatitis A and 89 percent of children had no history of contact or infection.
Conclusion: Based on this study, the incidence of hepatitis A infection was about 11% in children under 10 years old, which indicates a reduction in exposure with this virus. It may seem reasonable based on health policy but the adverse effect of this trend is later probability of contacts with Hepatitis A patients and occurrence of HAV in older ages. Therefore, we can conclude that HAV infection has been shifted to older ages.

Incidence, risk factors and prevention of herpes zoster: review article
Soheila Nasiri Nasiri, Reza Mahmoud Robati , Mehdi Hedayati, Marjan Khazan ,
Volume 77, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Herpes zoster (Shingles; Zona) is an acute infectious skin disease that is caused by the reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV). After the initial infection (chickenpox) or vaccination, the virus remains inactive or latent in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG); when decreasing cell mediated immunity (CMI) occurs, the virus is reactivated from a latent phase to a lytic phase and frequently replicated in the dorsal ganglion cells then move to the sensory nerves into the skin and causes herpes zoster, which is typically characterized by painful neuralgia and unilateral dermatomal vesicular rash that normally lasts 3 to 5 weeks. The most common complication of herpes zoster is chronic pain owing to postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), which is estimated to occur in approximately 20% of the people aged 50 and over. Although herpes zoster is rarely fatal, the pain related to the acute phase of herpes zoster and subsequent PHN can cause psychological distress, physical disability, impaired sleep and consequently negatively affect the quality of life that can be significantly reduced by all of these occurrences. Due to increasing trend in the incidence of herpes zoster and increasing older people population, it will be expected that herpes zoster and subsequent PHN cause a significant economic burden to the healthcare system, the government, and families along with reducing the quality of life. The average lifetime risk of herpes zoster is estimated to be approximately 30% in developing countries. Although the risk of herpes zoster significantly increases with increasing age and diminished immune system function, any factor impacting on VZV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses may affect the risk of herpes zoster. This paper is provided an overview of the incidence and potential risk factors of herpes zoster with emphasis on the role of micronutrients and their deficiencies in the impaired immune system function. Also, the common method for prevention by zoster vaccine and the role of micronutrients in the efficacy of vaccination are shown.

Tuberculosis incidence predicting system using time series neural network in Iran
Atefeh Sedighnia , Sharareh Rostam Niakan Kalhori, Mahshid Nasehi , Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd ,
Volume 77, Issue 4 (7-2019)
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important infectious disease with high mortality in the world. None of the countries stay safe from TB. Nowadays, different factors such as Co-morbidities, increase TB incidence. World Health Organization (WHO) last report about Iran's TB status shows rising trend of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and HIV/TB. More than 95% illness and death of TB cases are in developing countries. The most infections are in South East Asia and West Pacific that 56% of them are new cases in the world. The incidence is actually new cases of each year. Incidence prediction is affecting TB prevention, management and control. The purpose of this study is designing and creating a system to predict TB incidence by time series artificial neural networks (ANN) in Iran.
Methods: This study is a retrospective analytic. 10651 TB cases that registered on Iran’s Stop TB System from March 2014 to March 2016, Were analyzed. Most of reliable data used directly, some of them merged together and create new indicators and two columns used to compute a new indicator. At first, effective variables were evaluating with correlation coefficient tests then extracting by linear regression on SPSS statistical software, version 20 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). We used different algorithms and number of neurons in hidden layer and delay in time series neural network. R, MSE (mean squared error) and regression graph were used for compare and select the best network. Incidence prediction neural network were designed on MATLAB® software, version R2014a (Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA, USA).
Results: At first, 23 independent variables entered to study. After correlation coefficient and regression, 12 variables with P≤0.01 in Spearman and P≤0.05 in Pearson were selected. We had the best value of R, MSE (mean squared error) and also regression graph in train, validation and tested by Bayesian regularization algorithm with 10 neuron in hidden layer and two delay.
Conclusion: This study showed that artificial neural network had acceptable function to extract knowledge from TB raw data; ANN is beneficial to TB incidence prediction.

Investigation of bladder cancer incidence in Isfahan, Iran
Hamid Mazdak , Zahra Tolou-Ghamari , Mehdi Gholumpour ,
Volume 77, Issue 4 (7-2019)
Abstract
Background: Due to the incidence and recurrence of bladder cancer (BC), it could be categorized as a clinical and social problem that often occurs at an advanced age. This study was designed to determine the incidence of BC in Isfahan, Iran.
Methods: A retrospective descriptive survey of information based on bladder cancer (ICD-O, third edition; C67) was obtained from the Isfahan Deputy of Health. The study was in conducted to the department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation Research Center and approved by the University Ethics Committee. The Isfahan Cancer Program is intended to record all cancer cases in the Isfahan. From 20 March 2016 to 19 March 2017, records with linkage to using of pathology, demographic and clinical information were recorded in Microsoft Excel 2013 (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) and analyzed by SPSS statistical software, version 22 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). The incidence rates (Irs) were calculated by dividing new cases of BC during the year of study to the population at risk during the same time period×100000.
Results: A total of 417 patients that corresponded to Irs of 8 per 100000 persons were studied. The overall recorded number was comprised of 361 males (IRs of 13.9 per 100000) and 56 females (Irs of 2.2 per 100000). The mean±SD age of patients was 64.7±13 years. The minimum age in males versus females was 12 versus 25 years old respectively. Age in the most patients (80% of cases) was more than 50 years old. The invasion of the muscle was recorded in 44% of cases. Geographical distribution in 65% of cases was related to Isfahan City as a place of birth-residence and in the next categories were Khomeinishahr (7.6%), Najafabad (6.8%), Lenjan (4.5%), Mobarekeh (3.7%) and Felavarjan (2.8%) respectively.
Conclusion: Comparison of BC incidence rate between the year 2014 and 2016 showed that incidence rates decreased by 18.2%. In the 44%, invasive neoplasm of BC was recorded for the population studied. The highest frequency of BC was associated with Isfahan City and then Khomeinshahr, Najaf abad, Lenjan, Mobarakeh and Falavarjan.

Investigation of epidemiological and histopathological features of central nervous system tumors in the samples referred to the pathology department of a referral hospital in the east of iran in a 10-year period
Yasser Hasanzadeh, Zahra Sagheb Movafagh , Atena Sahrabeygi , Hamid Heidarian Miri , Masoumeh Gharib ,
Volume 81, Issue 10 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background: Identifying the epidemiological aspects of central nervous system (CNS) tumors is the first step in implementing management protocols to control the condition of these tumors. We aimed to examine the epidemiology and histopathology of both benign and malignant tumors of the CNS in one of the referral and university centers in the east of Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on all files of patients admitted to Qaem Hospital in Mashhad City, Iran, in a period of 10 years from March 2009 to February 2018 with a definitive diagnosis of benign or malignant tumors of the CNS, including tumors of the brain, cerebellum, spinal cord, or meningeal membranes. Information sources included the patients' physical files and the hospital information system (HIS). The statistical software SPSS version 28.0 for Windows (IBM SPSS, Armonk, New York, USA) was used for the statistical analysis.
Results: In total, 775 patients with benign and 771 patients with malignant CNS tumors were included in the study. Regarding epidemiological aspects of benign tumors, the incidence rate of women was almost twice that of men (68.47% versus 31.53%), with an overall average age of 45.31±19.81 years. The most common benign tumors were meningioma (72.77%), followed by schwannoma (13.67%). Regarding malignant brain tumors, the mean age of affected patients was 36.64±19.67 years, with males accounting for 53.04% of cases and females for 46.96%. The most frequent type of tumor was glioblastoma (32.68%), followed by diffuse astrocytoma (16.47%). Both benign and malignant CNS tumors were associated with significant hospital mortality; in-hospital mortality rates for benign and malignant tumors were 10.1% and 17.5%, respectively. Tumor type and its grade were the main determinants of early death in malignant CNS tumors.
Conclusion: The epidemiological characteristics of benign and malignant tumors in our study community were similar to the reports presented in other communities. Knowledge of these characteristics provides the possibility of managing patients and reducing morbidity and mortality related to these tumors.

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