Showing 31 results for Infant
Nasirian A,
Volume 59, Issue 1 (4-2001)
Abstract
In the past ten years, 45 cases of infantile spasm treated in our center. From these patients, 15 cases received only steroid, other 15 cases only clonazepam, and the rest, a combination of clonazepam and steroid. All patients were observed for two years. This is a retrospective study, the data being extracted from patients' record. A number of patients were treated in ambulatory and the others were patients of the hospital. The result of comparison of optimal control of seizures are as follow: 1) In "only steroid group" 27 percent of the patients were free of seizure, 2) In "only clonazepam group" 28 percent showed no seizure, 3) in "combined clonazepam and steroid group" 39% were seizure-free. Based on this trial we believe that treatment of infantile spasm with combined steroid and clonazepam is better than any of them alone. Considering these results, we believe that the treatment of infantile spasm with a combination of steroid and clonazepam is preferable to these drugs.
H R Sadeghi Poor , M Samarkhah , M Effat Panah , A Bahiraei , Sh Khaghani, R Ansari Toroghi ,
Volume 62, Issue 4 (7-2004)
Abstract
Background: This research was conducted for the purpose of determining the effect of hormonal and non-hormonal contraception on the mother milk and infants growth among lactating women received by south Tehran’s Health Centers. In this regard a broad spectrum study from December 2000 until February 2001 was done by Tehran university.
Materials and Methods: By sampling method, 200 lactating women were chosen randomly. They were divided into two groups according to their preferred method of contraception: 67 women chose hormonal method and 133 women chose non –hormonal method.
Results&Conclusion: During the time of the study on infants growth (increase in head circumstances, increase in height, increase in weight), There was no significant difference between the two groups. If we take the effect of contraceptive methods into consideration, the Triglyceride levels in non-hormonal group were increased considerably compared to the other group. Other ingredients were almost the same.
Sabzevari O, Daliraj A, Mohammadi M, Rastegar H,
Volume 64, Issue 12 (11-2006)
Abstract
Background: Infant formula, depending on the source, contains various fatty acids, which may possess important nutritional and biological value for infants. The presence of some of these fatty acids in infant formula, however, can be harmful and toxic for the infant. In this regard, more attention has been paid to erucic acid since its accumulation in myocardial tissues may cause damage to the heart. Therefore, a limit has been set by the Codex Alimentarius for the presence of erucic acid in infant formula (less than 1% of total fatty acids). The purpose of the present study is to investigate amount of erucic acid present in three infant formulas used predominantly in Iran.
Methods: Gas chromatography (GC) is a valuable method applied for the separation of fatty acids, including erucic acid, from oils and oily food. Three brands of infant formulas, namely Humana, Biomil and Multi, were analyzed by GC using a wall coated open tubular (WCOT) fused silica column and flame ionization detector (FID). Heneicosanoic acid was employed as an internal standard.
Results: The findings showed that Humana and Biomil infant formula samples contained 0.06% and 0.002% erucic acid (from total fatty acids), respectively, while no erucic acid was detected in the Multi infant formula samples.
Conclusion: The amount of erucic acid in the studied infant formulas was far below the Codex limit of 1% total fatty acids.
Rahimifard N, Fatholahzadeh B, Pirali Hamedani M, Noory Z, Saadati Sh, Zavar M, Pirouz B, Asghari Sh, Khezripour M, Saberi S,
Volume 65, Issue 8 (11-2007)
Abstract
Background: Bacillus cereus spores distribute widely in nature and can be isolated from different kinds of foods. This bacterium can produce diarrhea and emetic enterotoxins and syndromes. As infants are known to be more susceptible to B. cereus infection due to their incomplete intestinal flora and fast growth of this bacterium during consumption, it is very important to investigate the presence of B. cereus in infant formula and possible pathogenicity of this microorganism in infants.
Methods: In this study, 60 samples of infant formula were examined for the presence of B. cereus. From a 1/10 dilution of each sample, a total amount of 1 ml was inoculated onto four phenol red agar plates containing mannitol, egg yolk emulsion and polymyxin B sulfate. The plates were incubated at 30°C for 24 hours. Confirmation tests were then performed on suspected colonies.
Results: Among the 60 samples, 11 samples had more than 10 cfu/g, four of which contained more than 102 cfu/g. The other 49 samples showed less than 10 cfu/g of B. cereus.
Conclusions: We suggest that for infant formula the maximum microbial limit be reduced to less than 10 cfu/g to control B. cereus contamination and to prevent infection in infants. For this purpose, infant formula should be tested by the method and confirmation tests used in this study. In addition, susceptibility to penicillin, ß-hemolysis and growth rate at 45ºC could also be performed.
Babaee Gh, Keshavarz M, Parsinia M, Ashkvari P,
Volume 66, Issue 1 (3-2008)
Abstract
Background: This study have conducted in order to determine of direct or indirect effective factors on mortality of neonates with low birth weight by path analysis.
Methods: In this cohort study 445 paired mothers and their neonates were participated in Tehran city. The data were gathered through an answer sheet contain mother age, gestational age, apgar score, pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and birth weight. Sampling was convenience and neonates of women were included in this study who were referred to 15 government and private hospitals in Tehran city. Live being status of neonates was determined until 24 hours after delivery.
Results: The most changes in mortality rate is related to birth weight and its negative score means that increasing in weight leads to increase chance of live being. Second score is related to apgar sore and its negative score means that increasing in apgar score leads to decrease chance of neonate death. Third score is gestational age and its negative score means that increasing in weight leads to increase chance of live being. The less changes in mortality rate is due to hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.
Conclusion: The methodology has been used could be adopted in other investigations to distinguish and measuring effect of predictive factors on the risk of an outcome.
Keshavarz M, Babaee Gh R, Dieter J,
Volume 67, Issue 5 (8-2009)
Abstract
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Background: Many
studies have demonstrated that pre-term neonates gained more weight over the 10 days
stimulation period. This research has been conducted to determine the effects
of five days Tactile- Kinesthetic stimulation (TKS) on weight gaining of pre-term
infants hospitalized in Fatemiye neonatal intensive care unit.
Methods: Fifty one babies who graduated from the NICU to the
intermediate care nursery were randomly allocated into test and control groups
(24
and 27
neonate respectively). TKS was provided for three 20 minute periods per day for five
consecutive days to the test group, with the massages consisting of moderate
pressure strokes in left and right lateral position and kinesthetic exercises
consisting of flexion and extension of the limbs. They were observed for
changes in physiologic parameters and weight gaining during five days
stimulation in hospital.
Results: Over the five days TKS an increase in weight was seen in the test group (p=0.018, 43.1 vs 5.4). Infants in
both the test and control groups were matched for mean weight before study and days
in which they received antibiotics and photo therapy. Mean temperature and O² saturation had
no meaningful difference, but an increase in respiratory rate (p=0.047, 32.9 vs 32.5) and heart
rate (p<0.001, 148 vs 145.7) (within physiologic range) was seen in the test
group during stimulation, so that no one excluded from study.
Conclusion: Tactile- Kinesthetic stimulation has no adverse
effects on physiologic parameters, meanwhile has a beneficial effect on weight
gaining in pre-term neonates, So touch and massage therapy which are both beneficial
and cost effective could be placed in policy of care programs in nurseries in
Iran.
Reza Saeidi, Mahin Tafazoli, Mahbobeh Gholami Robatsangi,
Volume 67, Issue 12 (3-2010)
Abstract
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Background: Infantile colic has been defined as episodes of
excessive and persistent crying without known medical cause. Kangaroo
mother care is a new method for baby care with several advantages. A
universally available and biologically sound method of care for all newborns,
with three components: skin-to-skin contact, exclusive breastfeeding, support
to the mother-infant dyad. This study designed
for evaluating Kangaroo mother care
on infantile colic.
Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial. From
1th may 2008
to 1 may 2009
a total of 70 children, aged 3-12
weeks with persistent colic symptoms were studied. The
children were referred to Sheikh clinic, Mashhad,
Iran,
because of excessive crying. Normal mother-infant
pairs were recruited at 3 to 12
weeks of age after obtaining baseline for two days. Subjects
divided randomly to kangaroo care or conventional care group and mothers in
both groups filled diary for seven days.
Results: In the beginning of the study, the infants in kangaroo
care group had 3.5 hr/d crying and after
the intervention, it decreased to 1.7 hr/d,
the difference were significant (p<0.05).
But there were no difference in feeding duration
between two groups (p=0.2).
Awake and content (normal
behavior) behaviors were
significantly increased in the kangaroo care group (p=0.001).
Sleep duration was significantly increased in
the kangaroo care group (p=0.02).
Conclusions: Kangaroo
care may be used as a simple and safe method for treatment of infantile colic.
Rashidi-Nezhad A, Fakhri L, Hantoush Zadeh S, Amini E, Sajjadian N, Hossein Zadeh P, Niknam Oskouei F, Akrami Sm,
Volume 70, Issue 10 (1-2013)
Abstract
Background: Neonatal deaths stand for almost two-thirds of all deaths occurring in infants under one year of age. Congenital anomalies are responsible for 24.5% of these cases forming a highly important issue for health policy-makers.
Methods: We studied the pre-, peri- and post-natal conditions of 77 patients with multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) through genetic counseling at Several university Hospitals, in Tehran, Iran. The collected data were subsequently analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The patients did not have a good prognosis, demonstrating the need for the diagnosis of such diseases early in pregnancy to be of utmost importance. We screened for trisomy and nuchal translucency, which the first showed a low risk and the second showed normal results in most cases.
Conclusion: Establishment of standards for prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies and monitoring their implementation seem to be necessary for the reduction of deaths due to congenital anomalies and infant mortality rate (IMR).
Mehdi Moradi , Firuzeh Nili , Fatemeh Nayeri, Elahe Amini, Tahere Esmaeilnia,
Volume 71, Issue 6 (9-2013)
Abstract
Background: Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP), developing in mechanically ventilated patients after 48 hours of mechanical ventilation, is the second most common nosocomial infection. Therefore, there is a vital need to study the etiology and risk factors associated with VAP in neonates.
Methods: Neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), over a period of one year and who required mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours were enrolled consecutively into the study. Semi-quantitative assay of endotracheal aspirate was used for microbiological diagnoses of VAP. 105CFU/ml was taken as the cut off between evidence of pathological infection and colonization. The primary outcome measure was the development of VAP. Secondary outcome measures were length of mechanical ventilation, NICU length of stay, hospital cost, and death.
Results: Thirty eight patients were enrolled (58% were boys and 42% were girls). 42% of neonates developed VAP. The most common VAP organisms identified were Acinetobacter baumanni (43%). On multiple regression analysis, duration of mechanical ventilation was associated with VAP (P=0.00). Patients with VAP had greater need for mechanical ventilation (18.7 vs 6 median days), longer NICU length of stay (39 vs 21.5 median days) and higher total median hospital costs (79.5 vs 52 million rials) than those without VAP. The mortality rate was not different between two groups.
Conclusion: In mechanically ventilated neonates, those with VAP had a prolonged need for mechanical ventilation, a longer NICU stay, and a higher hospital costs. Longer mechanical ventilation was associated with an increased risk of developing VAP in these patients. Developing of VAP didn’t increase mortality in patients.
Mousa Ahmadpour-Kacho, Yadollah Zahed Pasha, Seyed Ahmad Rasoulinejad, Mahmoud Hajiahmadi, Parisa Pourdad ,
Volume 72, Issue 6 (9-2014)
Abstract
Background: Several risk factors like prematurity, hyperoxia, hyperglycemia, duration of mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen use have been attributed to the occurrence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in low birth weight infants. Clinical Risk Index for Babies (CRIB) score have been used to assess the severity of the newborn's disease and neonatal mortality. The relation between the CRIB score and the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity is less assessed. This study was carried out to determine the relation between the CRIB score and retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study all preterm infants admitted to NICU from March 2009 to November 2012, with a birth weight less than 1500 grams and gestational age less than 28 weeks and other premature infants with birth weight 1500 to 2000 grams and gestational age 29 to 34 weeks with an unstable clinical condition, were included. The CRIB score was recorded in firs 12 hours of admission to the NICU. Ophthalmologic examination was done by a retinologist unaware of CRIB score. ROP classification was done according to the international classification of ROP. The CRIB score compared with presence or non-presence of ROP and its stage, progression or regression of disease. A P-value less than 0.05 are considered significant.
Results: One hundred and eighty (70%) neonates out of 256 neonates developed ROP. In 124 (68.88%) neonates it resolved spontaneously on serial ophthalmologic examination, but fifty-six (31.11%) neonates were required treatment for ROP which 42 (75%) received Avastin and 14 (25%) neonates treated with Laser.
The Mean±SD for CRIB score in ROP group was 4.79±2.74 and in a group without ROP it was 3.78±2.00 (P=0.004). No correlation was found between the severity of ROP and CRIB score (P=0.152).
Conclusion: The CRIB score can predict the occurrence of ROP, but can't predict its severity and progression or regression.
Farin Soleimani , Nasibe Sharifi , Fereshteh Rasti Borujeni , Mina Amiri , Somayeh Khazaiyan , Azita Fathnezhad Kazemi ,
Volume 72, Issue 11 (2-2015)
Abstract
Growing and developing are influenced by genetic, social and environmental factors and it's most important and initial phase step is formed of the early life of the fetus and infant. According to the world health organization, the incidence of preterm birth and low birth weight are increasing in most countries that most of it related to developing countries. Low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth are one the most important causes of death in the world and therefore are considered as one of the major health problems that can affect growing and developing so that it can threaten public health. Advances in medical technology in recent decades at intensive care unit, increased survival of premature infants and high-risk specialist care is needed, but failed, to reduce the complications of premature birth but it couldn’t reduce complications of preterm birth. There is also an increased recognition of the potential disconnect between perinatal outcomes and long-term outcomes. The administration of oxygen and postnatal steroids are prime examples of interventions that may have immediate positive effects but negative long-term effects. Many premature babies will be encounter with mobility problems, cognitive, neurosensory impairments, cerebral palsy, cognitive and language delays, neuromotor developmental delay, blindness and hearing loss, behavioral and psychosocial disorders, learning difficulties and dysfunction in scholastic performances in the future. These disadvantages appear to persist into adulthood and therefore have broad implications for society. Without a doubt, one of the tragedies of the world is people with physical or mental damage caused by premature birth, many of these disorders are not early diagnosed and the prediction of long term complications of infants discharged from the NICU is difficult. Although nourodevelopmental follow-up of these babies is a necessary part of the neonatal assessment but there is no standard process for it. The present review article aims to introduce the care process and tools that is used for following-up these babies, also introduces the application of screening tools for neuro-developmental care.
Parvin Akbari Asbagh , Mohammad Reza Zarkesh , Firoozeh Nili , Fatemeh Sadat Nayeri , Azam Tofighi Naeem ,
Volume 73, Issue 2 (5-2015)
Abstract
Background: The incidence of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants whose birth weight is less than 1500 grams is approximately 30-60%, most of them need medical or surgical interventions. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of prophylactic treatment with oral paracetamol (Acetaminophen- Hakim® Oral Drops 100 mg/ml, Hakim Pharmaceutical Co., Tehran, Iran) for PDA in preterm infants.
Methods: A randomized clinical trial conducted from March 2012 to March 2013. Thirty-two preterm newborns whose gestational age was under 32 weeks and birth weight was 1500 grams or less, admitted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran were studied prospectively. They were randomly assigned in two groups. The prophylaxis group received oral paracetamol for a period of two days starting during first 24 hours of life. No placebo was given to the control group. Echocardiography was performed 24-36 hours after the last given dose in prophylaxis group and on the 4th and 5th day in control group. A p-value less than 0.05 are considered significant.
Results: There were 16 newborns in each group (20 boys and 12 girls). In 12 newborns of prophylaxis group the ductus arteriosus was closed although in control group in 8 newborns the duct was closed. No significant difference was observed in sex, gestational age, birth weight, mode of delivery, multifetal gestation and birth order between two groups. The rate of ductal closure was 75% and 50% in prophylaxis group and control group respectively (P=0.27).
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that prophylactic paracetamol is ineffective in PDA closure, although the rate of ductal closure between two groups seems remarkable. Paracetamol as a new strategy for PDA closure because of cost effectiveness and harmlessness may be used in future. However, we presume larger sample size studies are needed to show the efficacy of paracetamol, side effects, and complications in PDA prophylaxis treatment.
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal, Shirin Nezamabadi, Jalal Mardaneh, Zahra Rajabi, Abolfazl Sirdani,
Volume 75, Issue 3 (6-2017)
Abstract
Background: In recent years, use of powdered infant formula (PIF) milk for neonates feed is increasing; therefore, the quality control (QC) of PIF products is very important. The aim of present study was detection of toxigenic Bacillus cereus species in PIF milk using PCR assay.
Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out on 125 samples of powdered infant formula milk (PIF) purchased between March 2015 and April 2016 in Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Briefly, 0.1 dilutions were prepared and inoculated on Bacillus cereus selective media (MYP) and incubated at 30 °C for 24 hours. The suspicious colonies were verified using biochemical tests based on standard methods. Final confirmation of studied isolates was carried out by ITS gene detection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Presence of nonhemolytic enterotoxin (NHE) (linked to diarrhoea syndrome) and emetic toxin (EM) (linked to emetic syndrome) virulence genes were investigated using polymerase chain reaction assay.
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Results: In this study, of 125 PIF samples, 84 (67.2%) were contaminated. Of various recovered bacteria from these samples, 110 bacterial isolates were suspected to be Bacillus spp. using phenotypic methods. The ITS PCR results showed that 91.8% of the isolates were B. cereus. Respectively, 53.63 and 79% of B. cereus isolates possessed NHE and EM virulence genes.
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Conclusion: Our data revealed that near 80% of Bacillus cereus isolates have emetic toxin (EM) gene, as result virulence potency of this isolates is very high. However, the low number of this organisms in foods is very important and food safety protocols for these opportunistic toxigenic bacteria should be revised. Since the pasteurization process is ineffective on B. cereus spores; therefore, spores can remain in PIF milk and the vegetative bacterial cells can cause food poisoning in neonates. Therefore, modification of foods quality control protocols is essential in order to identify virulence genes in this bacterium.
Leila Valizadeh , Golnar Ghahremani , Manizheh Mostafa Gharehbaghi , Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi Asghari Jafarabadi ,
Volume 75, Issue 8 (11-2017)
Abstract
Background: Gastroesophageal reflux is a common condition among premature infants, which causes problems such as reduced weight gain and prolonged length of hospital stay. Body status is an appropriate way to reduce this condition. However, there have been few studies conducted in this regard. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of body status on gastroesophageal reflux in premature infants.
Methods: The present research was a crossover study conducted on premature infants with a gestational age of 33-36 weeks in Al-Zahra Hospital in Tabriz, Iran, from January to March 2015. In this clinical trial, thirty-two premature infants hospitalized in this center were selected as the sample. The initial selection of the participants was based on the simple random sampling. Then the participants were allocated to groups using randomized block procedure. Each infant was under study for 4 days. After each feeding and about two hours before the beginning of next feeding, the infants were randomly and not repeatedly put in one of the following four status for 12 hours (8 am -8 pm) every day: facilitated fetal tucking posture in lateral position, free body posture in lateral position, facilitated fetal tucking posture in supine position, and free body posture in supine position. Then, the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux was measured in each of these statuses. SPSS software, version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to analyze the data at significant level of P<0.05.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between facilitated fetal tucking posture in lateral position and other status (P<0.001). The incidence of gastroesophageal reflux in facilitated fetal tucking posture was lower than free body posture, but there was no statistically significant difference in this regard. Moreover, the incidence of reflux in lateral position was significantly less than those in supine position (P=0.04).
Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that facilitated fetal tucking posture and lateral positioning reduced the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux in hospitalized premature infants.
Mohsen Haghshenas Mojaveri , Zahra Akbarian Rad , Zeynab Shafipour , Somayeh Alizadeh Rokni , Fatemeh Valizadeh ,
Volume 75, Issue 11 (2-2018)
Abstract
Background: One of the important effects of kangaroo mother care (KMC) in preterm baby is improvement in weight gain and so shortening in hospitalization, but it is not clear that how long of kangaroo mother care is effective in weight gain. The aim of this study was to determine the least effective duration of kangaroo mother care in weight gain in very low birth weights.
Methods: Preterm babies with birth weight less than 1500 gr, without chronic cardiopulmonary disease, congenital anomaly and other medical problem when receiving to 140 ml/kg/d enteral feeding enrolled the study. KMC was started when the baby has been stabled, on the mother’s appetency and ability at bedside. The mean daily weight gain in KMC period was compared with expected that (15 mg/kg/d) for the same baby. The babies with KMC≥ 7 days were divided in three groups on the basis of mean daily KMC duration (< 30 min, 30-60 min and> 60). Statistical study performed by using SPSS software, version 22 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA) and P values of less than 0.05 were considered to be significant.
Results: In this study, 103 preterm baby (47 boys, 56 girls) less than 1500 gr were enrolled, with mean birth weight 1107.85±190.87 gr. Mean weight gain of boys in KMC period and expected that were 324.78±162.66 gr Vs. 127.46±54.66 gr (P< 0.001). In eighty-seven babies who received KMC (7-40 days) mean daily weight gain was 26.69±15.55 gr (P< 0.001). Mean weight gain in KMC period for group with< 30 min (n=19), 402.63±126.29 gr Vs. 167.21±74.20 (P< 0.001), group with 30-60 min (n=54) were 338.79±182.60 gr Vs. 220.36±66.98 (P< 0.001) and group with 60< (n=14) 352.14±236.02 gr Vs. 259.96±112.23 (P= 0.09).
Conclusion: On the basis of this study KMC less than 1 hour per day is effective in weight gain of very low birth weight preterm babies.
Ahmad Shamsizadeh , Roya Nikfar , Mina Safi , Tahereh Ziaei Kajbaf , Amir Saberi-Demneh, Reza Karbalaei ,
Volume 75, Issue 12 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background: Bronchiolitis is one of the most common diseases of the lower respiratory tract in infants. Vitamin D has been shown to be protective against lower respiratory infections; however, there are limited and contradictory results in relation to serum vitamin D level and the incidence of bronchiolitis in children. The aim of this study was to compare serum levels of this vitamin in healthy infants and infants with acute bronchiolitis.
Methods: This case-control study conducted at Abuzar hospital in Ahvaz city, during October to March of 2014. Three groups of 45 eligible infants including control, low and high intensity of bronchiolitis enrolled to study. The severity of bronchiolitis classified according to scores derived from the respiratory distress assessment index. One to eight scores considered as low intensity and 9 to 17 scores considered as high intensity of bronchiolitis. Subsequently, 3 ml of venous blood sample were taken from them and the serum levels of 25(OH)D were measured by using an enzymatic kit.
Results: 60 (44.4%) infants were girls. The mean age of the control, low and high intensity of bronchiolitis groups were 11.2±5.2, 10±5.8 and 9.8±4.7 months, respectively (P=0.1). The mean of 25(OH)D concentrations in the control, low and high intensity bronchiolitis groups were 28.3±19.4, 17.7±11.7 and 13.6±5.7 nm/l, respectively. There was a significant difference in levels of 25(OH)D between the control-low intensity bronchiolitis groups (P=0.001) and the control-high intensity bronchiolitis groups (P=0.002), this difference was not significant between the two groups of bronchiolitis. There was a direct and significant correlation between serum level of 25(OH)D and age (r=0.2, P=0.005), breast milk consumption (r=0.3, P=0.001), and vitamin D supplementation (r=0.6, P=0.000).
Conclusion: In the present study, levels of 25(OH)D were significantly lower in infants with bronchiolitis than control group. In addition, 25(OH)D levels did not affect the severity of bronchiolitis.
Parvaneh Sadeghi-Moghaddam , Elham Farasat, Hosein Heydari , Zahra Movahedi, Mohammad Aghaali,
Volume 77, Issue 2 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background: With the increase in the number of premature neonates, there are concerns about the complications of this group. One of the common complications of preterm neonates is fungal sepsis. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous fluconazole on fungal sepsis and other complications related to premature newborns under 1200 g in a neonatal intensive care unit.
Methods: The study was conducted by field trial. The intervention included intravenous injection of fluconazole (3 mg/kg, twice per week for 6 weeks) in neonates weighing less than 1200 gr in the Izadi Hospital in Qom, Iran. The intervention was conducted on September 2016 in entire population of the study. The control group was retrospective and from neonates admitted to Izadi Hospital, which were hospitalized before intervention. The outcomes (such as the need for amphotericin injection, death, fungal sepsis, time taken to reach enteral feeding and length of stay) were compared between the two groups.
Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding their sex ratio (P=0.139), gestational age (P=0.834), type of delivery (P=0.841) and birth weight (P=0.458). After the intervention, fungal sepsis (from 65% to 48.3%) and the need for amphotericin injection (from 27.1% to 5%) were significantly reduced, and the mortality rate decreased from 40% to 28.3%, but this decline was not statistically significant (P=0.178). After the intervention, the length of stay in hospital (P=0.142) and neonatal intensive care unit (P=0.422), time to reach the weight of 1500 gr (P=0.717), and time taken to reach enteral feeding (P=0.289) did not change significantly. Proportion of pneumothorax, apnea, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity and need for respiratory support did not change significantly.
Conclusion: The present study showed that administration of venous fluconazole could reduce fungal sepsis in neonates weighing less than 1200 grams in the intensive care unit. However, this study failed to demonstrate the effect of fluconazole on death, pneumothorax, apnea and need for respiratory support.
Seyed Mohammad Riahi , Hossein Mozafar Saadati , Maryam Mohammadi , Farin Soleimani ,
Volume 77, Issue 4 (7-2019)
Abstract
Background: Anemia is one of the most important nutritional disorders among children and adolescent in Iran and developing countries. Despite the possibility of anemia prevention, there is a high proportion of this problem in school children and especially infants. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of anemia in 6 to 12 months old children.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that conducted between May 2016 and October 2016 in Tabas health centers, South Khorasan, Iran. In this study 911 infants aged 6 to 12 months were enrolled by census method. Demographic variables and all blood factors were collected through interviews and laboratory tests in Tabas health centers, respectively. In this study, cut-off point of <11 g/dl for hemoglobin was considered as anemia index. All Statistical analyses were done using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and Pearson correlation in SPSS software, version 22 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). P-value of 0.05 was considered as level of statistical significance.
Results: The mean age of individuals was 9±1.5 months, the mean current weight and the mean weight at birth time were 8678±1112.1 g and 3090±467.9 g, respectively. According to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, the prevalence rate of anemia in Tabas City was estimated 37.1%. The prevalence rate of anemia in age groups based on hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) indices had a significant decreasing trend (P=0.001). Prevalence rate of anemia in males and females was not significantly different (P=0.27). Moreover prevalence rate of anemia was higher in rural areas rather than urban areas (P=0.009).
Conclusion: This is the first assessment of anemia prevalence among children in east of Iran. As a result of estimated prevalence of anemia, based on WHO definition, revealed moderate public health importance among infants aged 6 to 12 months old. The deceasing trend of anemia based on age groups indicates the importance of iron supplementation in Iran, especially in developing countries.
Semira Mehralizadeh, Majid Mirmohammmadkhani, Aylin Kalantarzade ,
Volume 77, Issue 8 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have considered patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) a common finding in premature infants, leading to complications such as intracranial hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis and pulmonary dysplasia. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the efficacy of oral ibuprofen and intravenous acetaminophen in the closure of arterial duct in premature newborns. We also evaluated the complications of each drug.
Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted at Amiralmomenin Hospital, Semnan City in Iran from April 2012 to December 2017. Subjects were selected through convenient sampling and consisted of all premature infants with patent arterial duct. All of the infants with the diagnosis of PDA were treated with either intravenous acetaminophen or oral ibuprofen. Cardiac echocardiographic findings were assessed in two study groups before and after each treatment course. The complications associated with the two treatment approaches were evaluated in two groups after treatment of each drug.
Results: In general, twenty-four neonates (62.5% females) with the average gestational age of 31.46±3.43 weeks were studied. There was no significant difference in the echocardiographic characteristics in the two treatment groups at the pre and post-treatment periods as well as the side effects of the medications. The average number of treatment cycles in newborns treated with oral ibuprofen (1.06±0.25) was not significantly different compared to those with intravenous acetaminophen (1.25±0.46) (P=0.190). There was no significant difference concerning closure status of the arterial duct in the two treatment groups at the end of the first period (P=0.112) as well as after the second period of treatment (P=0.386).
Conclusion: Our study indicated similar efficacy of oral ibuprofen and intravenous acetaminophen in the closure of the arterial duct. The incidence of complications was not significantly different between the two groups. The results of this study suggest the use of intravenous acetaminophen as a suitable drug for PDA closure, particularly in cases of ibuprofen contraindications.
Masoud Mohammadi , Ali Akbar Vaisi-Raygani , Rostam Jalali , Akram Ghobadi , Nader Salari , Mitra Hemmati ,
Volume 77, Issue 9 (12-2019)
Abstract
Background: Infant mortality is important as a standard indicator for the development of health, educational and social health systems in each country. Considering the fact that in different studies of the country there are different statistics on the prevalence of infant mortality in the intensive care unit and the general statistics on the prevalence of mortality in neonates in the country are unclear and unclear, the aim of this study was systematic review and meta-analysis for determine the prevalence of mortality in infants admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of hospitals in Iran.
Methods: A meta-analysis was performed for relevant articles in scientific databases including scientific information database (SID) and Magiran, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Medline (PubMed) and Google Scholar. Entrance criteria included cross-sectional studies between March 2000 to September 2018. The search process in these databases was performed using keywords: Neonatal, Intensive Care Unit, Mortality, and Iran. Non-relevant articles included review articles, interventions, cohorts and case-control studies, excluded from the study list. Heterogeneity of study was checked using I2 index and the possibility of publication bias by funnel plot and Egger test. Data were analyzed using the comprehensive meta-analysis software, version 3 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA).
Results: The overall prevalence of infant mortality in ICU hospitals was 21.8% (95% CI 14.4-31.6%), the highest prevalence of infant mortality in Isfahan was 64.4% percentage (95% CI 57.5-70.9%) and the lowest mortality rate in babies in Babol's intensive care unit with 5.1% (95% CI 3.8-6.7%). The results of the study showed that the prevalence of infant mortality was significantly reduced with increasing sample size (P<0.05). Also, with an increase in years of research, the frequency of infant mortality in the intensive care unit increases, which is also statistically significant respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of infant mortality in ICU hospitals in Iran, health policy makers need to take effective measures to raise awareness of parents as well as effective measures to reduce infant mortality.
