Hadadi A, Moradi-Tabriz H, Mehdipour Aghabagher B, Moslehi B, Esmaielzadeh P,
Volume 69, Issue 6 (9-2011)
Abstract
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MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background: Staphylococcus aureus infection pervasively occurs in communities and
hospitals and observing related guidelines is essential in preventing development
of antibiotic resistance in Hospitals. In this study we tried to determine the
prevalence of Methicillin and vancomycine resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA
& VRSA) and find the most suitable diagnostic tool and
treatment in affected patients.
Methods: This study was performed on hospitalized patients in Sina Hospital in Tehran,
Iran during 2009-2010. Eighty-five staphylococcus
aureus samples were evaluated for resistance to oxacillin and vancomycine
by both disc diffusion and E-test methods.
Results: The study population included 46 male and 39
female patients. The mean age of the participants was 51.46±19.21
years. The MRSA frequency was 50%.
67 (78.8%) patients had hospital-acquired
staphylococcus infection. The rate of hospital-acquired MRSA
was 93%. Length of hospital stay, undergoing invasive
methods, history of antibiotic use three months prior to hospitalization and its
kind were recognized as MRSA risk factors. There
were no reports of VRSA except one case of vancomycine-intermediate
S. aureus (VISA). The results of disk effusion and E-test
methods were consistent.
Conclusion: Considering
the prevalence of methicillin resistance in hospital-acquired infections, it seems
that oxacillin should not be used as the first-line option for empiric therapy
against S. aureus till
antibiogram results are available. Disc diffusion can also be reliably used
instead of the more expensive E-test.
Masomeh Abedini , Nahid Ghotbi , Navid Hadavi , Delnia Chavoshi , Nahid Asgharian ,
Volume 71, Issue 10 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background: Nosocomial infection is one of the major causes of death in neonates. In recent years, the results of nosocomial infection control committee, which carried out, based on a protocol of National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) is not consistent with neonatal review articles. This study was performed to determine the prevalence and incidence of nosocomial infection with an active, prospective method based on definitions and characteristics of Center for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) and comparing it with routine method of NNIS.
Methods: This cross-sectional and prospective study was independent from Beasat Hospital nosocomial infection control committee and preformed by daily active visiting of neonatal ward (that is level-II) for six month period. The results of this study were compared with the results of the NNIS committee of nosocomial infection. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: From all hospitalized neonates, 369 cases (1292 patients / day) were enrolled in the study. The overall rate of nosocomial infection (frequency) was 2.71% and the overall incidence of nosocomial infection was 7.73 cases per 1,000 patients / day. The most common nosocomial infection in this study was skin and soft tissue infections totally 50%. The incidence of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLA-BSI) was 14.2 per 1000 central catheter/day for the six months of study. Nosocomial infection rate preformed by Beasat Hospital nosocomial infection control committee (based on NNIS) was 0.1 % and incidence of nosocomial infection 0.3 per 1,000 patients/ day at the same 6 month study.
Conclusion: It seems that a large part of this considerable differences between the results of this study compared to NNIS based study, is this fact that, for nosocomial infection surveillance in the neonatal field, the presence of a specialist as a performer and leader of the team, is necessary.
Hesamodin Askari Majdabadi , Mohsen Soleimani , Majid Mirmohammadkhani , Elham Zamanipoor,
Volume 78, Issue 11 (2-2021)
Abstract
Background: Infection is a vital problem in intensive care units. Currently, chlorhexidine solution is used to reduce oral colonization. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of chlorhexidine solution on oropharyngeal bacterial colonization in hospitalized patients in the intensive care units.
Methods: This descriptive study (from August 2018 to May 2019) was performed on 60 patients who administered in medical and surgical intensive care units (ICUs) in one of the university hospitals in Semnan city. Patients admitted to (ICUs) were selected according to inclusion criteria. At the time of admission to the intensive care unit, oropharyngeal colonization of patients was assessed. Forty-eight hours after admission and using the chlorhexidine solution 0.2% three times a day, oropharyngeal colonization was assessed again. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software, version. 22 in the significant level of 0.05.
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Results: This study showed most of the patients in this study were male (80%) with mean age of 45.23±15.19 years. Most patients were transferred from the emergency department to intensive care units and had endotracheal tubes. At the time of admission to the intensive care unit, 8 patients were infected with E. coli and 6 patients were infected with Klebsiella. The results also showed that the use of chlorhexidine 0.2% had no significant effect on the reduction of micro-organisms in the oropharyngeal area. Forty-eight hours after admission to ICUs, the incidence of E. coli infection increased (P=0.01) but there was no significant increase in the klebsiella infection rate (P=0.25).
Conclusion: This study showed that the use of chlorhexidine solution 0.2% did not affect the reduction of micro-organisms in the oropharyngeal areas of patients. Therefore, oral care protocols that include mechanical movements and toothbrushing should be considered to reduce the occurrence of micro-organisms. This study also found that most patients who were referred to the intensive care unit were contaminated with pathogenic micro-organisms. Therefore, consideration should be given to appropriate strategies to reduce infections in the emergency department.
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