Showing 10 results for Intensity
G Shoeibi , J Khajavi Khan , A Movafegh ,
Volume 63, Issue 1 (5-2005)
Abstract
Background: One of the disturbing complications of propofol is pain on venous injection. Some investigators had reported that corticosteroids effectively induce and prolong the duration of local anesthetics. The aim of this study was to assess and comparing the efficacy of propofol pretreatment with dexamethasone in prevalence and severity of its pain on injection.
Materials and Methods: In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled prospective study, 90ASA I and II, 20 to 60 years-old patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled. In all patients, one of the veins of both hands was catheterized with a 20 G catheter. Then randomly, and simultaneously 2 ml dexamethasone (8 mg) was injected to one of them and 2 ml of normal saline was injected to other. After 30 seconds, 2 ml propofol (20 mg) was injected to both hands, at the same time in 30 seconds. Pain intensity was measured using VAS system.
Results: The age mean was 32.87±5.61. Twenty nine patients were male (32.2%). The mean of pain during propofol injection was significantly lower in dexamethasone group than normal saline group (1.61 vs.4.21 respectively, p< 0.05). Also the pain incidence was significantly lower in dexamethasone group compared to normal saline group (20% vs. 57.78% respectively, p> 0.05).
Conclusion: Intravenous administration of 8 mg dexamethasone before propofol IV injection significantly decreases the pain on injection of propofol.
Golbabaii Sh, Ghanbar M, Hemmatpour Kh,
Volume 66, Issue 7 (10-2008)
Abstract
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Background: Approximately 2-15% of the global population suffers from
migraine headaches. Since acupuncture is one of the treatments for this
disorder, the aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of this
modality on patients with migraine.
Methods: In this experimental interventional study,
we enrolled 180 patients with migraine headache attacks at
a documented frequency of at least 2 attacks during
last 6 months. For all patients, the number,
duration and intensity of the headaches were recorded before treatment. To
treat the patients, the point with maximal pain was first determined and the
meridian was distinguished. Then, the related acupoints were found and
stimulated by percutaneous electrical acupuncture for several minutes. The procedure
was repeated once per week for six weeks. After completion of all treatment sessions,
the patients were visited and questioned about the number, duration and the
intensity of headaches.
Results: The mean of number of attacks (9.55±8.26 vs. 3.50±6.77, p=0.001), the mean
duration of each attack (9.11±6.59 vs. 3.33±3.65, p=0.001) and the intensity of the attacks (1.83±0.38
vs. 0.61±0.78, p=0.001) were
significantly lower after treatment.
Conclusion: Application of acupuncture in patients with
migraine headaches is associated with a significant decrease in the mean
number, duration and intensity of attacks. Thus, this method of treatment is
strongly recommended for migraine headache.
Hossein Shirvani , Jalil Aslani ,
Volume 75, Issue 7 (10-2017)
Abstract
Background: It is known that irisin plays a role in regulating energy balance and body weight. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects two models of high intensity interval training and moderate intensity continuous training on the irisin serum and peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) gene expression in skeletal muscle tissue of male rats.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences during the summer months of 2016. In this study, 32 male Wistar rats (mean weight =250±55 g, age: 8 weeks) were randomly and equally were divided in to 4 groups: basic control (CO), control of eight weeks (CO8w), moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT). CO group rats at baseline were killed and CO8w group was held concurrently with the experimental group but did not participate in any exercise training. HIIT and MIET groups for 8 weeks also did moderate continuous training (15-60 minute at 15-30 m/min) and sever intensity continuous training (4-8 one-minute intense interval of 28-58 m/min, with a 3-7 one-minute slow interval of 28-58 m/min). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for measuring serum irisin levels and real-time PCR method for the relative expression of mRNA of PGC-1α gene were used. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc test at P<0.05 level. All analyzes were performed using SPSS software, version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results: The results showed that the relative expression of mRNA of PGC-1α gene significantly increased in both exercise groups compared to the control groups (P=0.001). In contrast, in comparison of control groups, neither HIIT nor MICT had no significant effects on serum irisin levels (P=0.20).
Conclusion: The results show that the two methods of exercise training may be the upstream pathway's activation can increase transcription of the PGC-1α gene (a key regulator of energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis) in skeletal muscle, but doesn't make a significant change in the levels of serum irisin.
Amin Banaei, Bijan Hashemi, Mohsen Bakhshandeh, Bahram Mofid,
Volume 77, Issue 2 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is one of the most usable methods in prostate radiotherapy that is used with different techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the dosimetric and radiobiological effects of prostate IMRT techniques regarding to joint volume between the target tissue and organs at risk as a patients anatomical parameter.
Methods: This research was a cross-sectional, analytical, and quantitative study that was carried out from April 2016 to June 2018 at the radiotherapy and oncology center of Shoheday-e-Tajrish Hospital and Medical Physics Department of Tarbiat Modarres University Tehran, Iran. Four various prostate IMRT techniques (9, 7 and 5 fields and automatic) were planned on 63 prostate cancer patients CT scans. Radiobiological effects were calculated using Relative Seriality model for the organs at risk (bladder and rectum) and target tissue. Results of mentioned prostate IMRT techniques were compared based on the patient’s anatomical parameter.
Results: For the patients with joint volumes ranged from 0 to 15%, statistical differences were not observed among various IMRT techniques. The tumor control probability and complication free tumor control probability values decreased as a function of joint volume. The normal tissue complication probability value increased as a function of joint volume. The 9 and 7 fields IMRT techniques had not any significant differences (P=0.06) in all of the joint volume ranges. In patients with the joint volumes higher than 30%, the 9 and 7 fields techniques showed significantly better radiobiological values in comparison with 5 fields and automatic techniques (P=0.009).
Conclusion: In the patients with lower percentage of joint volume, all the mentioned prostate IMRT techniques showed same radiobiological effects; however, in the patients with higher joint volume percentages (> 30%), the 9 and 7 fields techniques have better results. It is proposed to use the 7 fields technique instead of the 9 fields technique, especially in prostate cancer cases with high uncertainty in patients’ setup.
Mehdi Nikseresht, Valiollah Dabidi Roshan , Khadijeh Nasiri,
Volume 81, Issue 10 (1-2024)
Abstract
Background: Exercise programs can lead to different physiological adaptations, but the effects of low-volume, low-frequency HIIT protocols with varying interval structures have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to explore the impact of HIIT with high compression (HC) and low compression (LC), with or without berberine (BBR) supplementation, on hematological parameters in pre-diabetic men.
Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted between October and December 2021 at Mazandaran University. Fifty-four overweight/obese men with a mean age of 48.6±6.6 years, a body mass index of 30.7±7.3 kg/m², and a body fat percentage of 34.4±4.3% were randomly and equally divided into one of six groups: HC, LC, HC+BBR, LC+BBR, BBR, and control. The HC group (2:1 work-to-rest ratio) and LC group (1:1 work-to-rest ratio) underwent training programs comprising 2-4 sets of 8 exercises at an intensity of 80-95% of their maximum heart rate twice a week for 8 weeks. Hematological responses to Bruce's incremental exercise test were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc test, with a significance level set at P<0.05.
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Results: Baseline hematological indices showed no significant differences between pre-diabetic and non-diabetic groups (all, P>0.05). Following the 8-week intervention, there were significant decreases in white blood cells (WBCs) in the LC and LC+BBR groups, and in lymphocytes across all intervention groups except BBR (all, P<0.05). Additionally, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels showed significant reductions in the HC and HC+BBR groups (both, P<0.05). However, in response to Bruce's incremental exercise test, a significant decrease in WBCs was observed in the LC and LC+BBR groups, with reductions of 18% and 25%, respectively (both, P<0.05).
Conclusion: The LC protocol, even without berberine supplementation, seems to provide better immunological benefits and result in less hemolysis compared to the HC protocol, as evidenced by reductions in white blood cell counts.
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Maryam Mokhtari, Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini, Nahid Bijeh, Mohammad Mosaferi Ziaaldini ,
Volume 81, Issue 12 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background: Fatty liver disease is the most common cause of chronic liver diseases in the world, which can cause cardiovascular diseases, so this research aims to scrutiny a period of intense intermittent sports activity and growth hormone perfuse on cardiac mitochondrial PGC1α and some indicators of oxidative stress in mice with liver damage.
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Methods: The present research was conducted from September 2022 to March 2023 in the specialized physical training laboratory of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The statistical population was twenty one adult male Syrian mice with an average weight of twenty three grams. The sports activity protocol was adopted for fifty-six days using the special video recorder for rodents. The intense interval training program was carried out in the form of ten one-minute repetitions and two-minute active rest, so that the total daily training time for each person was thirty minutes.The vaccination protocol includes the daily vaccination of somatropin injected intraperitoneally.
Results: The PGC1α levels were significantly higher in both the HIIT (P=0.02) and H- GH (P=0.03) groups collationed to the witness team. Moreover, the levels of SOD were considerably increased, in both the HIIT (P=0.05) and H-GH (P=0.005) team s compared to the witness team. Moreover, the levels of MDA were considerably decreased, in both the HIIT (P=0.007) and H-GH (P=0.04) teams compared to the witness team. The decrease in insulin resistance was significant only in the HIIT (P=0.05) team compared to the witness team and slightly increased in the H-GH (P=0.36) team but was not considered. The difference between HIIT and H-GH team (P=0.03) was also significant.The proportion of ALT/AST in both HIIT (P=0.02) and H-GH (P=0.03) teams had a significant decrease compared to the witness team. LDL/HDL proportion evidenced considered decrement at just in the HIIT team (P=0.01).
Conclusion: Intense intermittent sports activity was able to produce a more optimal response compared to GH peptide in improving NAFLD-related indices. Injection of this hormone single may have adverse outcomes on some indexes of this abnormality.
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Hamed Alizadeh Pahlavani , Mitra Tajari, Mohadese Hozouri,
Volume 82, Issue 2 (5-2024)
Abstract
Background: In people with diabetes, metabolic changes can affect the body's response to physical activity. On the other hand, for people with diabetes, exercise can be a powerful tool to manage diabetes and improve overall health through key regulatory proteins such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPKα1/2), dynamin-like protein (DLP1), and autophagy-related protein 13 (ATG13). In diabetes, AMPK regulation is often disrupted, contributing to the metabolic imbalances that characterize diabetes. In diabetes, disruption of DLP1 protein as a key regulator of mitochondrial fission leads to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and metabolic imbalance. ATG13, as an autophagy regulator causes the recycling of damaged cells and damaged components.
Methods: This study was conducted in May to July 2023. In this experimental research, 12 two-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 280±30 grams participated. To induce type two diabetes, nicotinamide solution with a dose of 110 mg/kg and streptozotocin (STZ) with a dose of 60 mg/kg were injected, and blood glucose between 126 and 260 mg/dl was determined as the index of diabetes induction. Then the diabetic rats were randomly divided into training (six heads) and control groups (six heads). The moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) group trained for 4 weeks and four sessions every week. The MIIT program consisted of 4 rounds of 3 minutes with an intensity equal to 55-75% of the maximum speed and active rest periods of two minutes with an intensity of 35-45% of the maximum speed. After 24 hours from the last training, the rats were anesthetized and the soleus muscle tissue was isolated and the proteins were measured by western blot methods.
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Results: The results showed that MIIT causes a non-significant increase in AMPK protein (P=0.29) and ATG13 (P=0.079), while it has a significant decrease in DLP1 (P=0.002).
Conclusion: It seems that MIIT, through decreasing DLP1, can have a beneficial effect on energy metabolism and autophagy process in order to optimize cells mitochondria in the soleus muscle of diabetic rats.
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Seyed Mohammad Reza Hadavi , Maryam Zahedi, Navid Kalani, Naeimeh Ossadat Asmarian , Reza Sahraei ,
Volume 82, Issue 9 (12-2024)
Abstract
Background: Shoulder labral repair surgery is associated with significant postoperative pain and restricted mobility. Inadequate pain management may lead to delayed rehabilitation, increased risk of chronic pain development, and higher opioid consumption. This study aimed to compare postoperative pain intensity during the first two weeks following shoulder labral repair between patients receiving interscalene block alone versus those receiving interscalene block combined with intravenous morphine.
Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial, 120 patients undergoing open rotator cuff repair at Chamran Hospital, Shiraz (June-December 2024) were allocated using balanced block randomization. Group 1 received preoperative interscalene block with 30 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine, while Group 2 received the same block plus intravenous morphine (1% mg/kg). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics such as mean and percentage and appropriate statistical tests such as Repeated measurement and Anova using SPSS software, version 21 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The significance level was considered to be (P<0.05).
Results: Demographic characteristics (age, sex, weight, ASA class) showed no significant intergroup differences (p>0.05). Pain scores were significantly lower at all time points in the combination therapy group compared to the block-only group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the combination of interscalene block with morphine was significantly more effective in reducing pain after rotator cuff surgery than interscalene block alone. This finding suggests that the use of morphine as an additional analgesic can enhance the analgesic effects of interscalene block and provide better pain relief. The combination of these two methods may cause a positive interaction in pain relief and reduce the need for other medications, which consequently prevents the side effects caused by additional analgesic drugs, and patients who receive the combination of these two treatment methods experience greater comfort and better functional improvement. However, it is recommended that further studies focusing on the precise dosage and timing of drug combinations be conducted to obtain more precise results regarding the optimization of pain management after rotator cuff surgery. Also, examining the long-term effects of this treatment method could help to better understand its advantages and disadvantages.
Reza Ghalehtaki, Mahdieh Razmkhah, Ali Kazemian, Mostafa Farzin, Samaneh Salarvand, Kasra Kolahdouzan, Ehsan Saraee,
Volume 82, Issue 10 (1-2025)
Abstract
Background: Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults, with low-grade gliomas making up 15% of cases. These slow-growing tumors often occur in young adults. Radiotherapy is one of the treatment options. New radiotherapy techniques like IMRT may reduce complications by sparing normal tissue. The study aims to determine which tumors benefit most from IMRT based on tumor location and size.
Methods: Patients diagnosed with low-grade glioma who were referred for treatment at the Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital between September 2017 and September 2020 were included in this study. All patients underwent CT simulation with a thermoplastic mask for immobilization. A diagnostic MRI (performed within two weeks prior) was fused with the planning CT to define the target volume (GTV/CTV), with contours verified by a neuroradiologist. A doctor outlines the treatment volume and critical organs for both 3D and IMRT techniques. Radiotherapy physics experts design treatment plans using both techniques, which are then approved by a radiation oncologist. The treatment volume coverage and doses to critical organs are compared between the two techniques.
Results: Among 25 patients, 14 patients (56%) with single-lobe involvement, 7 (28%) with two lobes, and 4 (16%) with multifocal disease. Right-side brain involvement was seen in 32%, with the frontal lobe most affected. IMRT significantly reduced the mean and maximum cochlear dose on the treatment side in all patients. It also lowered the mean chiasma dose in those with both lobes involved and reduced cochlear dose on the opposite side in frontal lobe cases. No significant difference was found between the techniques for patients with multiple lobe involvement.
Conclusion: According to our study on 25 patients with low-grade glioma, it was shown that there is no clear difference between the two techniques. Given the young age and long survival of LGG patients, IMRT may be preferred when hearing preservation is a priority. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm these findings.
Hosna Moradi, Nasser Behpour, Mehrdad Payandeh, Mansoor Khazaei ,
Volume 82, Issue 10 (1-2025)
Abstract
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Background: With the rising survival rates among individuals with colorectal cancer, improving quality of life and reducing the risk of recurrence have become key priorities in supportive care. High-intensity interval training (HIIT), due to its pronounced effects on physical function, inflammatory markers, and tumor-related indicators, has emerged as a promising intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an eight-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program on serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, quality of life, and sleep quality in female survivors of colorectal cancer.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest control group design and was conducted from July to September 2021 at the Kosar Women’s Sports Complex in Kermanshah, Iran. Twelve female colorectal cancer survivors (mean age=55.66±4.99 years) were randomly assigned to either an experimental (n=6) or control group (n=6). The experimental group participated in a supervised HIIT program for eight weeks. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and quality of life was evaluated using the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) questionnaire.
Results: Post-intervention analysis revealed a non-significant increase in CEA levels in the experimental group (mean±SD: 2.49±0.79; CI95%: 1.66-3.33; P=0.456), while the control group showed a statistically significant reduction (mean±SD: 1.04±0.22; CI95%: 0.84-1.25; P=0.044). However, significant improvements were observed in both sleep quality (mean±SD: 5.00±2.19; CI95%: 3.27-6.72; P=0.027) and quality of life (mean±SD: 77±9.40; CI95%: 84.11-88; P=0.028) within the experimental group. No significant changes were reported in the control group for either variable.
Conclusion: Findings suggest that high-intensity interval training may serve as an effective non-pharmacological intervention for enhancing sleep quality and overall quality of life in female colorectal cancer survivors. Nevertheless, the effects of HIIT on biological markers such as CEA require further investigation through larger and longer-term studies.
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