Showing 11 results for Knowledge
Sadeghy Poor Roodsary H, Maaref H, Eshraghian,
Volume 59, Issue 5 (9-2001)
Abstract
The healthy city is one that is designed to achieve optimal echological, social, and physical specifications for residents of the community that are developing constantly, and that a comprehensive different intrasector cooperation, resources and existing utilities are developed so that an environment of mutual cooperation and assistance for every individual civilian are provided. An environment to maximize their potential ability. One of the specific goals of healthy city, is the development of public knowledge, and cooperative involvement in social health and hygienic programs. The project of healthy city is carried in the Koyee Sizdah Aban, Rey city for the first time. This article has compared the studies carried in the Koyee Sizdah Aban and the other one that in carried in the district of Dowlat Abad, in regard to above-mentioned points. In this study the rate of knowledge, attitude, and the practice of four hundred of 15-49 years old women within the limits of healthy city, was compared with other four hundred women residing in the district of Dowlat Abad in regard to hygienic programs. According to the result of this study the mean percent of knowledge in the healthy cities women were significant in relation to other group. The rate of attitude toward the hygienic problems in the health city and the district of Dowlat Abad did not show a significant differences. The rate of practice of the women of healthy city with 95% of confidence was more than the women of Dowlat Abad. This study clarified that literacy of women and their spouse have positive effect on their knowledge and practice in regard to hygienic problems, but there is not meaningful relation between profession and age of women in regard to the knowledge and practice.
Gharegozl Ki, Abbasi Siar F, Kolahi A.a, Bolhari J, Zaman Gh, Keyhanidoost Zt, Poortaherian P,
Volume 64, Issue 8 (8-2006)
Abstract
Background: Despite advances in medical science and modern technology, epilepsy remains as a stigmatized condition and negative public attitude toward epilepsy is a common phenomenon especially in developing countries such as Iran. It is the major factor causing serious social discrimination against people with epilepsy which in turn may be more devastating than the disorder itself. Thorough understanding of the knowledge and attitudes toward epilepsy is essential to modify these negative attitudes.
Methods: We conducted a face-to-face questionnaire interview survey in crowd locations of Tehran in August, 2004-April 2005. A total of 1079 persons all more than 15 years old were asked to fill the questionnaire.
Results: Eighty eight percent of respondents had heard about epilepsy before, 42.2% of them knew one person with epilepsy. However, out of responses about the causes of epilepsy, 52/4% said it was caused by brain damage, 26.4% said it was an inherited disease,, 14.3% said it was due to fever, 34.8% believed stress as the cause of it and1.1% said evil spirits was the cause. 56.9% considered pregnancy to be appropriate for epileptics. 94% believed children with epilepsy could go to school and have normal education.
Conclusion: According to this survey, public knowledge and attitudes about epilepsy in study population is not satisfactory. It is suggested that additional efforts must be made to increase the knowledge of the general population through education programs especially among school children.
Heydari M, Kiani Asiabar A, Faghih Zade S,
Volume 64, Issue 9 (9-2006)
Abstract
Background: Alteration in pattern of sexuality is known to be impressed by couples’ believes about women’s physical and psychological changes during pregnancy. The objective of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of couples about sexual relations during pregnancy.
Methods: In a descriptive study from February to April 2005, two hundred sixty six consecutive pregnant women referring to a university hospital were asked to answer a questionnaire containing questions their sexual status and some demographic data. In 122 cases the answers of the spouses was collected also. The answers were compared in divided groups according to age range, duration of marriage, parity and educational status.
Results: Fifty five percent of men and fifty eight percent of women had a negative attitude about sexual relations during pregnancy, and 60% of men and 75% of women presented incorrect knowledge about sexuality during pregnancy. Main reasons for decreased sexual relations in pregnancy were mentioned to be dysparaunia, and the fear of trauma to the baby, abortion, membrane rapture, preterm labor and infection.
Conclusion: As couples’ knowledge and attitudes about sexuality affect their general sexual behavior during pregnancy it is crucial to provide proper consultation regarding sexual relations in prenatal care services.
Eslamian L, Jamshidi A, Kaghaz Kanani R,
Volume 65, Issue 14 (3-2008)
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis threatens the aged population especially the menopausal
women and can lead to life long disability and death. Appropriate knowledge and behavior
have an important role in prevention of osteoporosis. In this study the knowledge, attitude
and behavior of women regarding osteoporosis is assessed and compared in different age
groups.
Methods: This cross sectional study includes 390 women in reproductive, premenopausal
and menopausal age groups who had come to Shariati hospital clinics and each had
answered the designed questionnaire. The questionnaires were scored and analyzed.
Women’s knowledge, attitude and behavior were assessed and compared by X2 test in the
three age groups and P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: 15–30% of women didn’t know what osteoporosis is and in 380 of them attitude or
behavior was not good. Education had a significant effect on knowledge of women in
reproductive and premenopausal ages (P=0.002, 0.04 respectively), but had no effect on
their attitude or behavior. Age had a significant effect on knowledge and attitude (P=0.001)
but had no effect on behavior. Age had significant effect on the knowledge that exercise
can prevent osteoporosis (P=0.014) but not on attitude or behavior. Age had no effect on
knowledge, attitude or behavior of daily calcium intake to prevent osteoporosis. (P=0.123,
0.12, 0.153 respectively) 93% to 95% of women thought the risks of osteoporosis are less
than cardiovascular disease or breast cancer.
Conclusions: 15–30% of women didn’t know what osteoporosis is. The total knowledge
about osteoporosis was low. Although 22-75% of women younger than 54 years old had
knowledge about the predisposing factors but their attitude or behavior was not good.
Angoorani P, Keshavarz A, Sadrzadeh H, Rahimi. A,
Volume 65, Issue 14 (3-2008)
Abstract
Background: Nutrition as an important factor in health can be effective in educational
success of students. Malnourished students have less concentration and attention. Lack of
breakfast consumption for a long period has negative effect in behavior and health. The
purpose of this study is to determine the effect of a nutritional teaching booklet about
breakfast on the knowledge of fourth grade girls at Tehran’s 6th educational and teaching
district.
Methods: This interventional study performed on 100 fourth grade girls from 10 schools in
Tehran city, randomly divided into two groups case who received booklet and control group.
Subject: At first a pretest of knowledge was done for all the students (case and control). The
case group was given the booklet to read by themselves. No teaching provided for the control
group. A knowledge posttest was performed two weeks later. Two types of questionnaires
(general and knowledge) were used to collect data. The following methods were used: chisquare
test for comparing case and control groups from the aspect of independent variables,
pair t- test for comparing the knowledge scores between case and control groups and one-way
ANOVA for assessment of independent variables effect on the mean difference of knowledge
in samples.
Results: The mean score of knowledge in the case group against the control increased 2.22
(p<0.001). The one-way ANOVA method showed that none of the independent variables
(family size, parents’ career and educational level, dinner breakfast sleeping and waking up
time, the person who prepares breakfast at home, breakfast consumption status in other
members of family) had significant effect on the mean of the knowledge scores’ difference.
Conclusions: The results of this study showed the nutritional teaching booklet about
breakfast caused an increase in the knowledge of this age group of girl students.
Masoud Ahmadzad-Asl , Shayan Mostafaei , Shahram Rafiefar , Navid Mohammadi , Malihe Farid , Kourosh Kabir ,
Volume 76, Issue 4 (7-2018)
Abstract
Background: The study of their knowledge, attitude, and behavior toward health is an essential step for health planning. In the urban area, there are several concerns about environmental pollution, health status, the dangers of insecurity, and bad dietary habits. The aim of the study was the determination of knowledge, attitude, and behavior of Tehran citizens in order to plan better municipal services.
Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 13000 participants between 15-84 years in 22 districts of Tehran, Iran University of Medical Sciences, in August and September of 2011. Cluster sampling and self-administered reliable and valid questionnaire were used for data gathering. The inclusion criteria are all of citizens of Tehran. Age, sex, marital and job status, obesity, physical activity, hypertension, myocardial infarction, accidents, diabetes, nutrition, stroke, psychological behavior, smoking, addiction and drugs, musculoskeletal, sexual behavior, anemia, physical environment, fat blood, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dietary habits and socioeconomic status were measured under standard protocols and by using calibrated instruments.
Results: From 13000 participants in the study, 11753 (90%) was fulfilled the questioners. Nonresponse rate from 11753 participants was 8.6%. The proportion of obesity/overweight was 50% and 29.5% of people had appropriate physical exercise, 37.6% reported a tobacco consumer in their family and 4.5% reported an experience of substance misuse. Also, 29.2% and 24.8% from these had anomalistic consuming of salt and soft drink, respectively. Of the participants, 44.8%, 89.1% had a good knowledge and attitude, respectively. Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.82 and 0.79 for knowledge, attitude and behavior, respectively. In additional, the correlation coefficient between test and re-test questions was 0.91.
Conclusion: This study was a comprehensive study to measure the knowledge, attitude and practice of Tehran citizens using reliable and valid questionnaires about general health status. A considerable percentage of Tehran citizens suffering from overweight, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, high blood lipids and smoking consuming and using anomalistic from TV and computer. The results can be used as a framework and guide to prioritize problems and planning health education interventions in Tehran
Mohadeseh Heidari, Avideh Maboudi, Sepideh Motevali , Farhad Sobouti, Mahmood Moosazadeh,
Volume 76, Issue 11 (2-2019)
Abstract
Background: Although the treatment of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is very difficult, it can be prevented. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practice of oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the treatment of bisphosphonates user patients.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out by census sampling of oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Tehran, Iran from March to June 2016. The employed instrument was a questionnaire including 4 sections. The first section was to collect the demographic information of the participants. In the second part including 7 questions, the knowledge of the participants was measured. The third section with 6 questions was to assess the participants’ practice in the treatment of patients using bisphosphates. Finally, the last sections contained 4 questions. The content validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by 5 specialists in the field (two oral and maxillofacial surgeons, two periodontists, and one endodontist). To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, it was given twice with a 10-day interval to 10 of target group members. The calculation of Spearman-Brown formula revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.79.
Results: In the treatment of BRONJ, most subjects responded to risk, 1 and 2 stages patient education and symptom relief. Treatment with antibiotics and debridement surgery was chosen for patients with higher stages. From 123 oral and maxillofacial surgeons, 102 answered the questionnaires. 77.2% of the surgeons answered correctly to questions about implant insertion. This percentage was higher than other therapeutic procedures.
Conclusion: The knowledge of oral and maxillofacial surgeons as final line of referral and treatment of patients using bisphosphonates should be increased.
Zahra Esfandiari, Mohammad Reza Marasi , Fatemeh Estaki , Vahid Sanati , Elnaz Panahi , Nader Akbari , Roya Alsadat Madani, Jila Mosberian Tanha ,
Volume 77, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
Background: Nutrition education and introduction of procedures for choosing healthier food have an important role to reduce the rate of non-communicable diseases. It was shown the amount of risk factors of non-communicable diseases such as energy, salt, sugar, fat and trans fatty acid on the traffic light of food labelling. The status of risk is presented through three colors of red, yellow and green that are the signs of risk, precautious and safe use of food. The object of this study was to evaluate the influence of education on the knowledge, attitude and practices of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences students to the traffic light on food labeling.
Methods: This project was an empirical study performed by random sampling of 379 students of nine schools in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences from January 2017 to March 2018. The knowledge, attitude and practices of students toward the traffic light were assessed by self-administered and structured questionnaire. Education was performed face to face with the usage of pamphlet. In the period of three to six months, questionnaires were refilled out by students to determine knowledge, attitude and practice. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SPSS in mean± SD. Paired t-test was performed to assess the influence of education in total score of knowledge, attitudes and practices in test-retest. P value was considered less than 0.05 as statistically significant.
Results: Before education, the average of scores for knowledge, attitude and practice was 1.12±0.84, 14.44±4 and 2.25±2.2, respectively. Afterwards, the scores were increased to 11.72±0.75, 18.67±3.18 and 17.69±4.7 after education. Significant difference was observed in the scores of knowledge, attitude and practice of students before and after education (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Education of traffic light had a significant role in the improvement of knowledge, attitude and to some extent of practice of students in selection of healthier food.
Saba Jalali , Fahimeh Bagheri Amiri , Maryam Taheri , Abbas Basiri , Sanaz Tavasoli ,
Volume 77, Issue 11 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background: Renal calculus with increasing prevalence and incidence in recent decades have the highest burden of urologic diseases. While preventive measures could significantly reduce the rate of recurrence, the amount of compliance with the preventive guidelines is unclear among urologists. This study was designated to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice in kidney stones prevention among urologists for the first time in Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the participants of the 20th Iranian Urological Association Congress. The questionnaires included questions regarding demographics, educational and occupational information, knowledge, attitude, and practice of urologists in the field of kidney stones prevention. The questionnaires were designed according to the latest guideline of the European Association of Urology and previous studies. Scores related to the knowledge and practice were calculated based on the number of questions with correct answers. The response rate was also calculated. The correlation of knowledge and practice with background variables, including age, work experience, and time since graduation were assessed.
Results: The total response rate was 18.08% (64 out of 354 distributed questionnaires). The mean age of the respondents was 47.25±10.20 and the mean work experience was 15.61±11.70 years. The mean knowledge and practice scores were 8.36±1.48 out of 11 and 4.44±1.45 out of 7 scores, respectively. A total of 96.2% and 73.4% of the urologists earned at least half of the knowledge and practice scores, respectively. There was no significant correlation between knowledge and practice scores (P=0.706). Work experience and time since graduation had a negative relationship with the knowledge scores (respectively, P=0.02 and P=0.026), and faculty membership had a positive correlation with the practice scores (P=0.022). Most respondents had an acceptable attitude regarding the effectiveness of stone prevention.
Conclusion: Although the study participants had good knowledge, attitude, and practice pattern regarding urinary stone prevention, their performance score was less than their level of awareness. However, we could not generalize the results to other urologists due to the low response rate of the study.
Firoozeh Raisi , Seyyed Taha Yahyavi, Zahra Shahvari , Ehsan Kazemi Khaledi , Mehdi Soleimani, Agaah Ashrafi,
Volume 79, Issue 10 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: Patients with severe mental illnesses are more prone to experience sexual health problems. Herein, we developed a "Safe Sex Knowledge and Behavior Questionnaire for Patients with Severe Mental Illnesses"(SSKBQ-SMI).
Methods: The present study was conducted in the form of methodological research in 4 stages. In the first stage, items of the questionnaire were selected and the item pool was formed by using similar studies and experts' opinions. During the next steps, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were assessed using content validity, face validity, reliability and construct validity. The content validity was tested using the Content Validity Index and Content Validity Ratio. The charts of content validity were given to 13 specialists expert in sexual health including psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, gynecologists, urologists, and infectious disease specialists. The reliability was tested by using the test-retest method in 70 patients with two-week intervals. The construct validity was tested using exploratory factor analysis in 265 patients. The internal consistency was calculated by using Cronbach's alpha index.
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Results: After determining the content and face validity, a tool was obtained with 16 True/False items in the knowledge section (with one score for each correct answer and the total score range from 0 to 16) and 16 five-point Likert scale items in the behavior section (with each question score range from 0 to 3 and the total behavior score range from 0 to 48, the lower score defined safer behavior). The correlation coefficient of the scale scores in the test-retest method was calculated to be 0.880 (P<0.001) and 0.951 (P<0.001) in the sections of knowledge and behavior, respectively. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.809 for the section of knowledge, 0.756 for the section of behavior, and 0.782 for the whole questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the existence of 4 factors in the knowledge section and 3 factors in the behavior section.
Conclusion: The present 32-item questionnaire was designed based on experts' opinions and important statements of patients about sexual health, simple scoring, good reliability and validity, is a suitable tool for assessing the safe sex knowledge and behavior in patients with severe mental illnesses.
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Behjat Kalantari Khandani , Fatemeh Irannejad Parizi , Sedigheh Sadat Mousavi, Pouria Salajegheh,
Volume 81, Issue 1 (4-2023)
Abstract
Background: Stem cells play an important role in tissue regeneration and treatment of diseases. This study aimed to investigate the awareness, knowledge and attitudes regarding stem cell donation among different people in the community.
Methods: In this systematic review study, Persian keywords and English keywords such as awareness, knowledge, stem cells, embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, cord blood stem cells and donation were selected according to MeSH database and then these selected keywords have been searched in the academic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, OVID, Science Direct, Iran Medex and SID. In addition, these selected keywords have been searched in the search engines such as Google Scholar, between January 2010 to December 2021.
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Results: The results of this study found a total of twenty-five articles related to the awareness, knowledge and attitudes regarding stem cell donation among different people in the community. They were selected. In this study there were 10 cross-sectional studies, 2 descriptive-cross-sectional studies, 5 descriptive studies, 1 mixed method study, 1 semi-experimental study, 1 intervention study, 1 survey study, 1 review study, and the study type was not mentioned in three studies. Most of the studies were conducted in countries such as India, Saudi Arabia, and then United States (USA) and Turkey. Only one article was found in Iran. The results of studies have shown that the level of awareness and attitude of the majority of different people in the community towards the donation and use of stem cells is medium and low. However, most people have a good and positive attitude towards the donation and use of stem cells and mention the use of stem cells as an effective way to treat diseases.
Conclusion: Considering the importance and application of stem cells, it is suggested that managers and planners provide the necessary conditions to implement educational programs to raise the level of awareness and attitude of different people in the community towards stem cell donation.
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