Showing 13 results for Male
Ramezan Zadeh F, Khalaj Abadi Farahani F, Sadat Hashemi Sm,
Volume 58, Issue 3 (6-2000)
Abstract
Tubal ligation is one of the most effective and reliable methods of contraception and of successful program of birth control in Iran. Present study was done to evaluate factors affecting risk of complications during tubal ligation surgery. We studied 1780 women that had tubal ligation in 13 hospitals in Tehran during the years 1993-95. Data on operation were collected by questionnaire and analyzed using logistic regression method. Risk of complications was increased in women had had operation after vaginal therapy, in luteal phase, after cesarean section and in follicular phase, respectively. Modified pomery, pomery and parkland methods of operation were ascendingly related to increased risk of complications. Age, history of pelvic pain, method of anesthesia, incision size and time of operation were not significantly correlated with complications. Frequency of complications was higher in women that had other procedures during surgery. We suggest that tubal ligation be done after vaginal delivery and by modified pomery method.
Vosooghi M, Sadeghipour Roodsari Hr, Amini M, Simi S,
Volume 64, Issue 7 (8-2006)
Abstract
Background: The male antifertility activity of Gossypol, the active ingredient of cotton seed, inspired the idea for development of an agent with male contraceptive activity. The result of subsequent studies lead to the discovery of several class of compounds with antifertility activity.
In this study the antifertility activity of iso-Propyl and iso-Butyl derivatives of dihydropridine were evaluated.
Methods: The two aforementioned compounds were administered subcutaneously in (10 mg/kg/day) dose to male rats. The animals were treated and kept according to the TUMS committee recommendations on ethical and animal maintenance considerations. Sixty days after the first injection the following fertility and histological indices were evaluated, animal’s body weight difference (B.W.D), sperms motility, sperm viability, ESR (epididymal sperm reserve), DSP (daily sperm production), serum testosterone concentration, fertility index, GSI (gonado somatic index).
Histological indices are respectively the area and circumference of seminiferous tubules, each testis and their crosswise dissections, the diameter of seminiferous tubules and the number of seminiferous tubules per square millimeter, that were determined.
Results: The values of the two test groups were determined and compared with the results of normal group that were using normal saline only and the blank that were receiving propyllenglycol only.
Conclusion: The significant inhibitive activity of candidate compounds on animal's physiologic indices were in accordance of our pervious estimation of compounds activity as (lead compound) for synthesis and preparation of new compounds with male contraceptive activity
L Seifi, F Ramezanzadeh, M Jafarabadi, M Shariat, M Masumi,
Volume 66, Issue 5 (8-2008)
Abstract
Background: Over the last 35 years, quinacrine has been used to sterilize more than 150,000 women in 40 countries, first in the form of slurry and now in the form of cylindrical pellets. Some studies confirmed the tubal occlusion by hysterosalpyngo-graphy, but this method increases the chance of failure. Only a few studies on tubal occlusion have used transvaginal sonography for confirmation, and there were some doubts about the effect of quinacrine on the endometrium. We performed this study to evaluate the tubal scar and endometrial pattern by ultrasound and to determine the feasibility, acceptance, and side effects of quinacrine sterilization (QS) in Iranian women
Methods: This prospective clinical trial was done at the Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences between April 2005 and July 2006. One hundred sexually active women ranging from 30 to 47 years of age, who had at least two children above two years old, requesting sterilization, were sterilized by this method. By the end of menstrual bleeding, seven pellets, each containing 36mg quinacrine, were inserted in the uterine fundal area via the cervical canal. The procedure was repeated one month later. Three cycles after the first step, transvaginal sonography was performed to visualize the tubal scar and determine the endometrial pattern. Patients were followed at one and three years after initiation of the procedure.
Results: All women were satisfied with the procedure. There were no side effects. No pregnancies had occurred, nor were there endometrial thickness abnormalities. Scar formation was visible in the tubes. Conclusion: Quinacrine sterilization is a useful method for women and can be recommended to family planning services as an ambulatory procedure due to its efficacy, simplicity, acceptance and cost effectiveness.
Mirfeizollahi A, Farivar Sh, Akhondi Mm, Modarresi Mh, Hodjat M, Sadeghi Mr,
Volume 66, Issue 12 (3-2009)
Abstract
Background: Pi-GST and Mu-GST are subclasses of glutathione S-transferase that present on human sperm surface and play an important role against oxidative stress. Therefore, any defects in the enzyme activity may be associated with male infertility.In this study the polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTP1 in association with enzyme activity and sperm parameters were studied.
Methods: This case-control study involved 95 men with oligoastenoteratozoospermia and 26 controls with normozoospermia. Semen analyses were carried out according to WHO guidelines. Blood DNA was extracted using salting out procedures. GSTM1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms gene were determined through PCR-RFLP and multiplex PCR, respectively. Finally, Glutathione S-transferase activity was measured.
Results: Frequencies of GSTM1 null genotype in oligoastenoteratospermic and normospermic groups were 52.1% and 53.8% respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in sperm parameters and enzyme activity between GSTM1 null and positive genotypes in two groups. There were no statistically significant differences in glutathione S-transferase activity between oligoastenoteratospermia and normospermic groups (p>0.05). All the 121 men in this study had Ile/Ile genotypes at 105 codon of GSTP1. Frequency of normal homozygote (114Ala/Ala), heterozygote (114Ala/Val) and mutant homozygote (114Val/Val) genotypes in oligoastenoteratospermic group were 81.1%, 17.9% and 1.1% respectively but in the control group they were 88.5%, 11.5% and null.
Conclusions: Total glutathione S-transferase activity and sperm parameters were not affected by deficient Glutathione S-transferase activity in GSTM1 null genotype. Compensate activity of other sperm surface glutathione S-transferase isozymes, like GSTP1, may justify the cause.
Baradaran B, Tartibian B, Baghaiee B, Monfaredan A,
Volume 70, Issue 4 (7-2012)
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory enzymes and free radicals are important factors affecting the immune system. However, there seems to be no detailed information about the extent to which these factors can affect superoxide dismutase 1 gene expression in female athletes, especially in incremental exercises. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between superoxide dismutase 1 gene expression with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and free radicals in female athletes after an incremental intensity exercise.
Methods: Fifteen 22-24 year old female athletes from Urmia, Iran voluntarily participated in the study after completing an informed consent form in 2010. Venous blood samples were collected in three stages: prior to, immediately and 3 h after an incremental exercise (12 km/h at a 5% gradient for 20 min). Real-time PCR was used to assess superoxide dismutase1 (SOD-1) gene expression as was an autoanalyzer for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and LDH concentrations.
Results: LDH concentration significantly increased in both stages of the exercise (immediately and 3 h after the exercise), (respectively, P=0.009 and P=0.026), but H2O2 concentration significantly increased only in the recovery phase (P=0.002). SOD-1 mRNA did not significantly increase in any stage of the exercise (P=0.05). Moreover, there was only a significant correlation between SOD-1 mRNA and H2O2 increase (P=0.014).
Conclusion: Incremental exercise increased H2O2 and LDH levels in female athletes but only free radicals had a significant effect on SOD-1 gene expression.
Sadrpour P, Bahador A, Asgari S, Bagheri R, Chamani-Tabriz L,
Volume 70, Issue 10 (1-2013)
Abstract
Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the world, but the effect of this infection on male fertility is still controversial. Despite reports of interaction between Mycoplasma genitalium and sperm, this pathogen in semen samples of infertile men is less studied. We studied, the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium infection in infertile men.
Methods: Among attending Avicenna Infertility Center, 120 men who had abnormal semen analysis tests were selected and the samples were taken. After detailed analysis of semen quality, DNA was extracted from each sample by chelex. Samples were evaluated for these two pathogens by multiplex PCR. Results were statistically analyzed.
Results: Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium was detected in 23/3% and 12/5% of the samples, respectively. Although, Mycoplasma genitalium infection rises by increasing (P=0.640) and decreasing in age of first sexually activity (P=0.203), and also positive cases of Chlamydia trachomatis infection showed increase regarding age increase (P=0.619) and age decrease in first sexually activity (P=0.511), but these differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: All in all, regarding to the increased prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection compared with the only similar study in Iran and high prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium infection in infertile men, this assessment was done. A multiplex PCR protocol rapidly and simultaneously identify these organisms in comparison with uniplex from clinical samples. Based on our results screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium infection among infertile men seems to be valuable.
B Ghorbani Yekta, M Nasehi, Sh Khakpour, Mr Zarrindast, Y Shafieekhan,
Volume 71, Issue 2 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background: Previous reports showed that nucleus accumbens involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of major depression, anxiety and addiction. It is not clear that how these mechanisms occur in the brain. In the present study, the influence of direct nicotine injection in the nucleus accumbens in rats’ anxiety-related behavior was investigated.
Methods: Wistar rats were used in this study. Male Wistar rats bred in an animal house, in a temperature-controlled (22±2 ◦C) room with a 12 hour light/darkcycle. Rats were anesthetized using intraperitoneal injection of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine, then placed in an stereotactic instrument for microinjection cannula implantation The stainless steel guide cannula was implanted bilaterally in the right and left dorsal the nucleus accumbens shell according to Paxinos and Watson atlas. After recovery, anxiety behavior and locomotor activity were tested. We used the elevated plus maze to test anxiety. This apparatus has widely been employed to test parameters of anxiety-related behaviors including the open armtime percentage (%OAT), open arm entries percentage (%OAE), locomotor activity and we record effect of drugs after injection directly in the nucleus accumbens on anxiety-related behavior.
Results: Experiments showed that bilateral injections into the nucleus accumbens Nicotine, acetylcholine receptor agonist, dose 0.1 of the dose (0.05 and 0.1, 0.25, 0.5) microgram per rat caused a significant increase in the percentage of time spent in the open arms (%OAT), compared to the control group. We did not record any significant change locomotor activity and open arm entries percentage (%OAE) in rats.
Conclusion: Nicotinic receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell involved to anxiety-like behavior in male rats.
Mohammad Miryounesi , Zeinab Jamali , Masoumeh Razipour , Elahe Alavinejad , Mohammad Hossein Modarressi ,
Volume 72, Issue 11 (2-2015)
Abstract
Background: About 15% of couples have fertility problems and male factor in fertility accounts for half of the cases. In vitro generation of germ cells introduces a novel approach to male infertility and provides an effective system in gene tracking studies, however many aspects of this process have remained unclear. We aimed to promote mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) differentiation into germ cells and evaluate its effectiveness with tracking the expression of the Testis specific 10 (Tsga10) during this process.
Methods: This is an in vitro study that was performed in department of Medical Genetics in Tehran University of Medical Sciences from February 2012 to March 2013. Mouse embryonic stem cells were cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblast as feeder layer. Then mESCs were differentiated into germ cells in the presence of Retinoic Acid. Based on developmental schedule of the postnatal testis, samples were taken on the 7th, 12th and 25th days of the culture and were subjected to expression analysis of a panel of germ cell specific genes (Stra8 as pre-meiotic, Dazl and Sycp3 as meiotic and Protamin1 and Spata19 as Post-meiotic). Expression of Testis Specific Gene 10 (Tsga10) at RNA and protein levels was then analyzed.
Results: It was shown that transition of embryonic stem cells from mitosis to meiosis occurred between 7th and 12th days of mESC culture and post-meiotic gene expression did not occur until 25th day of the culture. Results showed low level of Tsga10 expression in undifferentiated stem cells. During transition from meiotic to post-meiotic phase, Tsga10 expression increased in 6.6 folds. This finding is in concordance with in vivo changes during transition from pre-pubertal to pubertal stage. Localization of processed and unprocessed form of the related protein was similar to those in vivo as well.
Conclusion: Expression pattern of Tsga10, as a gene with critical function in spermatogenesis, is similar during in vitro and in vivo germ cell generation. The results suggest that in vitro derived germ cells could be a trusted model to study genes behavior during spermatogenesis.
Atoosa Bagheri Behzad, Barzin Bagheri Behzad , Hassan Niroomand , Mahbod Ebrahimi , Gholamreza Poormand , Firoozeh Akbari Asbagh,
Volume 73, Issue 9 (12-2015)
Abstract
Background: Infertility is defined as failure to achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse. Infertility can be related to male or female factors. Varicocele is the most common cause of infertility in men that is correctable with surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) on semen parameters in infertile men.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial was done on 96 infertile men admitted to the Women's General Hospital Mohebe-Yas from September 2014 to September 2015. Inclusion criteria were to include varicocelectomy for unilateral idiopathic varicoceles and consent to participate in the study. Allergy to the drug combination and patient dissatisfaction were exclusion criteria. Patients participating in the study were divided into two groups randomly, one group received recombinant FSH three times a week and the other group received a placebo (normal saline) in the same way. After three months, the improvement of semen parameters, including motility, morphology and sperm count as well as the complications were determined in both groups. The data were analyzed with statistical software SPSS version 13 (Chicago, IL, USA).
Results: A total of 96 patients were enrolled in two groups of 48 men and women both groups were matched in terms of underlying factors. The rate of improvement in the morphology and motility of sperm in the treated group was significantly more than the placebo group (P= 0.0001) but the changes in sperm count were not significantly different between the groups (P= 0.495).
Conclusion: In summary, based on the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that recombinant FSH is effective on improving semen parameters in infertile men after varicocelectomy compared with a placebo group and its major impact is on the morphology and motility of sperm.
Azar Mardi Mamaghani, Seyed Jalil Hosseini, Elham Moslemi,
Volume 75, Issue 11 (2-2018)
Abstract
Background: Infertility is clinically defined as failure of a couple to conceive after one year of regular sexual intercourse and occurs in both males and females for various reasons. About half of the infertility causes is due to male factors such as azoospermia and the lack of sperm in the ejaculate. Azoosperima is divided into two types: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and obstructive azoospermia (OA). NOA is a type of male infertility caused by spermatogenesis defects. Therefore, investigating the factors involved in spermatogenesis, including hormones and genes, is one of the important aspects in understanding the mechanism of infertility in men. To this end, we aimed to investigate the expression of the clusterin gene expression and LH, FSH and testosterone hormone levels in the testicular tissue and blood of NOA patients, respectively.
Methods: The study population included 42 NOA infertile men referred to Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran in June 2016 to February 2017. Their blood samples were collected and testosterone, LH and FSH hormones were measured by ELISA. Afterwards, based on the biopsy results the patients were categorized into TESE+ (positive sperm retrieval) and TESE- groups. The genomic RNA was extracted from testicular tissue samples obtained from TESE surgery. After converting to cDNA, the clusterin gene expression was investigated by Real-time PCR technique. The achieved data was analyzed using SPSS software, version 18 (Armonk, NY, USA).
Results: According to Real-time PCR results, the expression level of clusterin gene in TESE+ group was significantly higher than TESE- group (P= 0.035). The mean of FSH and LH hormone levels in the TESE+ group was relatively lower than the TESE- group (P= 0.07 and P= 0.08), but there was no significant difference in the mean of testosterone hormone levels between the two groups (P= 0.66).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the clusterin gene can have a role in spermatogenesis and by evaluating FSH and LH hormones in a larger non-obstructive azoospermic patient’s population significant statistical results can be achieved.
Niloofar Agharezaee , Rezvan Marzbani , Hassan Rezadoost , Saeideh Zamani Koukhaloo, Babak Arjmand , Kambiz Gilany ,
Volume 75, Issue 12 (3-2018)
Abstract
Infertility influences an estimated 20% of couples worldwide. The factors that can affect the fertility potential are equally distributed between men and women. Despite extensive research in male infertility, the etiology in majority of infertile men is unknown. In 2010, there was an opinion published in Nature asking a selection of leading researchers and policy-makers about what their future focuses will be in 2020. Metabolomics was mentioned as the leading omics technology by them. The word metabolomics has been defined almost 20 years ago. However, the clinical metabolomics history goes back to more than 1,000 years ago. The great Persian physician and philosopher Avicenna observed an individual urine changes during illness. Today, the color or smell changes are known to be caused by metabolites deregulation indicating metabolic diseases. Metabolomics approach is a systematic analysis of the unique pattern followed by a specific biochemical pathway that uses a biological material, e.g. spermatozoa or human seminal plasma. For the diagnosis of infertile men, the typical parameters of semen analysis are: sperm motility, sperm morphology, concentration and count. Human seminal plasma is a valuable biological source which was not used in the diagnosis of infertile men, unfortunately. To the best of our knowledge, there is no parameter for analysis of the human seminal plasma. Thus, the need for a novel parameter to diagnose infertile men is urgently needed. We recommend the use of seminal plasma in order to diagnose infertile men according to our previous research. Only a handful studies have used metabolomics approaches in the male infertility. In this study, we summarize the current research and our contribution to the field of male infertility and metabolomics. One of our main contributions has been to use metabolic profiling of seminal plasma from non-obstructive azoospermia to find 36 potentials biomarkers for detection of spermatogenesis. A search in the PubMed using keywords “metabolomics” and “infertility” shows only 59 publications. This demonstrates how newborn the metabolomics in its application for male infertility is. In this review article we have tried to have a comprehensive and specific approach to male infertility from a metabolomics perspective and related techniques.
Ali Alami , Fatemeh Zarei , Hadi Tehrani , Zahra Hosseini , Alireza Jafari ,
Volume 77, Issue 4 (7-2019)
Abstract
Background: Iron deficiency in the body is the main cause of anemia, and iron supplementation is probably the best option for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in women and young children. This study aimed to explain the challenges of national iron supplementation in female school’s base on the perspective of the stakeholders.
Methods: This study was a qualitative study of content analysis. The data of this study were conducted by focus group discussion, semi-deep interviews with the participation of the target community of students, parents of students, school principals and school health instructors, general manager of the Office of Community Nutrition (Department of Education) includes manager, deputy and school health officer, from October 2016 to January 2017 in city of Gonabad, Iran. Participants were selected through targeted sampling and data collection continued to saturation. Data were analyzed using contractual content analysis method based on five steps of Graneheim and Lundman. Data management was done with NVivo software, version 11 (QSR International, Victoria, Australia), but data analysis and interpretation were done manually.
Results: The findings from group discussions and semi-deep interviews with stakeholders were categorized into twelve themes. The main strength, perceived in "Perceived Individual Benefits" and "Perceived Executive or Management Benefits". The main perceived weakness was "Physical Disadvantages", "Tablets Disadvantages", "Disadvantages of Programming" and "Disadvantages of the Program". The main perceived barriers was "Educational and Information Barriers", "Barriers of Pill Consumption" and "Management and Administrative Barriers". "Modifying the Executive Program", "Individual Perception Modification" and "Reform the Shape of Pills" were suggested as a corrective mechanism from participants’ view point.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the most important challenges of the "Schools Iron Aid National Plan" were "Educational and Information Barriers", "Administrative barriers", and "Barriers to Pill Consumption". Therefore, in order to do better, the Iron Supplementation Program requires intervention at individual, interpersonal, inter-organizational, and intra-organizational levels to provide comprehensive support for the program and, ultimately, increase program productivity.
Hassan Boskabadi , Mahdie Mir, Maryam Zakerihamidi,
Volume 80, Issue 6 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background: The gender of the baby is one of the risk factors for neonatal jaundice, but the difference in the severity of jaundice and its prognosis between the two sexes is not clear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the severity, duration and prognosis of jaundice in both sexes.
Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study that was performed on 2847 icteric neonates over 35 weeks admitted to Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad from May 2014 to May 2021. This study is done by available sampling. After confirmation of jaundice in infants, data were recorded using a researcher-made checklist including maternal demographic information (maternal age, mode of delivery), complete infant characteristics (age, birth weight, age at onset of jaundice, jaundice recovery age) and laboratory findings (Bilirubin, Indirect Coombs, direct Coombs, G6PD), and neonatal development up to two years of age was performed based on the Denver 2 test. Then data analysis was performed by SPSS software using Chi-square test and Student’s t-test.
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Results: 1642 infants (57.7%) were boys and 1205 infants (42.3%) were girls. Mean and standard deviation of bilirubin in values less than 20 mg/dl in boys was 17.20±2.48 mg/dl and in girls was 16.54±2.80 mg/dl (P=0.000), birth weight was 3.16±0.49 (kg) for boys and 3.07±0.45 for girls (P=0.000). In two groups of male and female infants, age (P=0.004), direct bilirubin (P=0.001), direct and indirect Coombs (P=0.000), and G6PD enzyme deficiency (P=0.000) had a significant difference. Acute kernicterus was reported in 25 (2.03%) boys and 4 (0.46%) girls (P<0.001). In the two-year follow-up, 23 boys (1.9%) and 11 girls (1.28%) had developmental delay (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The incidence of jaundice in male infants was higher than female infants, which is probably due to a higher prevalence of G6PD deficiency in boys. The severity of jaundice was higher in boys less than 20 mg/dl. Jaundice has a worse prognosis in male infants.
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