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Showing 2 results for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus strains producing enterotoxin A and B
Safiyeh Abbasi , Sassan Taei , Behnam Zamanzad ,
Volume 73, Issue 11 (2-2016)
Abstract

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive coccus which is able to cause different kinds of infection in certain condition. The function of this bacteria is to provide the conditions for the invasion of it to the host with the secretion of different sorts of toxins such as Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin, including important virulence factors that super antigens are all factors digestive inconvenience. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin-secreting toxins such conditions provides invasion of host genes. There are different types of SE, but type A enterotoxin (SEA) and type B enterotoxin (SEB) are the most important types. Therefore, in this study, the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus toxin-producing enterotoxin genes (SEB, SEA) in clinical strains isolated from patients in teaching hospitals of Shahrekord city, Iran, were studied.

Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study, which was conducted from May 2014 to December 2014. A hundred and ten isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from patients collected over a period of 8 months and were first identified using standard biochemical methods and laboratory. Using standard methods and laboratory tests were identified and compared with the antibiotic oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentration were determined by broth micro dilution, and then they were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique.

Results: The results indicated that, 110 samples of dairy products infected by Staphylococcus aureus were detected. Two cases (1.8%) of these infected samples were carrying both enterotoxin A and enterotoxin B genes. The frequencies of enterotoxin A genes were twenty-six cases (23/6%) and The frequencies of enterotoxin B genes were two cases (1/8%), respectively.

Conclusion: The detection of enterotoxin A and enterotoxin B genes, shows the most important role they have in bringing about superinfection. The detection of enterotoxin A and B genes, shows the most important role they have in bringing about superinfection. Enterotoxins SEA and SEB are heat stable; therefore heating has no effect on dairy products contaminated by enterotoxins and gastritis may occur in a short period of time. As PCR is a rapid, sensitive, specific and inexpensive method, we suggest that it can be replaced to traditionally assays for detecting Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin.


Pattern of antibiotic resistance in bacterial infections of cutaneous leishmaniasis wounds
Kosar Hajati, Behnaz Deihim ,
Volume 83, Issue 6 (9-2025)
Abstract
Background: Leishmaniasis is one of the most significant parasitic diseases and is susceptible to secondary bacterial infections, which can result in increased inflammation, delayed tissue repair, and increased drug resistance. Given the importance of this phenomenon, the present study was designed to identify bacterial agents and determine their antibiotic resistance patterns in lesions of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in Dezful, Iran, from May 2022 to December 2022 among 173 patients with suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis. In addition to sampling skin lesions for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis, wound exudates were collected using sterile swabs and cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar plates. Bacteria were identified by Gram staining and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined by disk diffusion, according to the CLSI 2024 guidelines. SPSS version 20 software was used for data analysis. In Staphylococcus aureus isolates, methicillin resistance was determined using a cefoxitin disk (30 μg), and vancomycin resistance was determined by broth microdilution. In vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates, a vancomycin disk (30 μg) was used. In Enterobacteriaceae, the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype was performed using ceftazidime (30 μg) and the ceftazidime/clavulanic acid combination disk (30/10 μg).
Results: Cutaneous leishmaniasis was detected in 65.3% of cases, of which 46 cases (26.6%) had secondary bacterial infection. Staphylococcus aureus (67.4%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (13%) were the most common isolates. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected in 13 cases, accounting for 41.9% of the isolates. The frequency of Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus among leishmaniasis patients was 38.7%, but all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin. Two ESBL-producing Escherichia coli were isolated from leishmaniasis foot ulcers. Leg and back wounds were more frequently involved in bacterial infection (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Inappropriate environmental conditions and lack of treatment facilities play an important role in the occurrence and exacerbation of infectious leishmaniasis lesions. An integrated treatment approach and medical staff training can improve disease control and wound healing.

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