Showing 5 results for Methods
N Rahimifard , M Ahi , A Kahnamooei ,
Volume 57, Issue 4 (7-1999)
Abstract
The object of this study was to find a suitable staining method for P.carinii. This parasite is not easily stained and clinical signs are not specific for the diagnosis of P.carinii pneumonia and therefore optimal laboratory methods for observing the organism are extremely valuable. In all 17 new conventional and modified staining techniques were used on lung impression smears and tissue section of sprague Dawley Rat treated with cortisone. Of these methods modified methylene blue 1 & 2, modified cresy violet 1, 2, 3, 4 modified Gram, modified Giemsa 2 and modified Griedley techniques have not previously been reported. After comparing readability of the slides, ease of performances, rapidity, availability and sensitivity of these 17 techniques for the diagnosis of P.carinii pneumonia, modified toluidine blue 01 & 2, modified methylene blue 1 & 2 and modified cresyl violet 3, 4 are suggested as the methods of choice for the rapid diagnosis of P.carinii pneumonia.
Sm Alavi Naeini , Sa Jazayeri , N Moghaddam Banaem , Gh.a Afrooz , Behboodi,
Volume 58, Issue 1 (4-2000)
Abstract
The effects of taking snacks on the learning ability and educational achievement of elementary school children in district 18 of Tehran educational organization were examined in the school year 1997-98. Other factors such as grade, nutritional status, breakfast eating habits and snack eating habits in the school were also studied. For this purpose 236 boys were selected by random sampling in 4 different schools. The children were randomly assigned to a group, with a low calorie snack (119 subjects), and a low-calorie control group (117 subjects), and then given 3 cognitive functions tests. The test were repeated after 4 months. The data were collected by questionnaires and included family socio-economic conditions, nutritional status and dietary habit of the children. Also, the grades of the major courses and scores of cognitive tests were collected, and the effects of treatment on the mean grades and scores differences were determined by T-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Our findings are presented as follow: The experimental and control groups were similar in the initial assessment. 7.1% of the students were stunted based on height-for-age classification (NCHS). The intervention led to an increase in tests scores, but the increase was only significant in the case of the short-term memory test (P<0.03). The findings of the study showed that the intervention was effective on short-term memory and since short-term memory function in memorization process and retrieval of subjects form long-term memory and congenitive functions, we can conclude that the food intervention with an energy lower than 10% of recommended dietary needs increases learning ability level of the subjects. Stunting and the habit of eating breakfast were related to educational performance of students. Therefore implementation of such programs in the community, such as food intervention and nutritional education may be effective.
Mohebby H, Banna Zadeh, Panahi F, Bahrami H,
Volume 61, Issue 1 (4-2003)
Abstract
Spontaneous pneumothorax is a medical condition that potentially may be dangerous. Although several methods for management of this problem have been propounded, there is a great disagreement among the specialists about how to treat it and when more invasive treatments are indicated.
Materials and Methods: This study carried out in two phases. In first phase, 26 patients who had admitted to Imam Khomeini hospital from March 20, 1996 to March 19, 2000 and 50 patients admitted to Baqiatallah hospital between March 20, 1992 and March 19, 2002 with the diagnosis of spontaneous pneumothorax were studied retrospectively. In second phase, these patients were followed up.
Results: 39 patients (51.3%) had primary spontaneous pneumothorax, 35 patients (46.1%) secondary spontaneous pneumothorax and 2 (2.6%) neonatal spontaneous pneumothorax. 67 patients were male and 9 patients were female (male to female ratio: 7.5/1). Mean age of the patients was 35±20 years. Age peaks were the age group between 20 to 25 years old and age group more than 60 years old. Conducted treatments were observation in 3.9%, simple aspiration in 2.6%, thoracostomy alone in 81.6%, thoracostomy and chemical pleurodesis in 2.6%, thoracotomy and mechanical pleurodesis in 3.9%, thoracotomy and pleurectomy in 5.3% of cases. Mean duration of hospitalization was 8.9±7.3 days. Relapse of pnemothorax was seen in 36.9% of the followed patients. Mortality was 17.4% and all died patients had secondary spontaneous pneumothorax.
Conclusion: It seems that the management of spontaneous pneumothorax should be re-evaluated and the exact indications for conservative or more invasive methods of treatment should be defined.
H R Sadeghi Poor , M Samarkhah , M Effat Panah , A Bahiraei , Sh Khaghani, R Ansari Toroghi ,
Volume 62, Issue 4 (7-2004)
Abstract
Background: This research was conducted for the purpose of determining the effect of hormonal and non-hormonal contraception on the mother milk and infants growth among lactating women received by south Tehran’s Health Centers. In this regard a broad spectrum study from December 2000 until February 2001 was done by Tehran university.
Materials and Methods: By sampling method, 200 lactating women were chosen randomly. They were divided into two groups according to their preferred method of contraception: 67 women chose hormonal method and 133 women chose non –hormonal method.
Results&Conclusion: During the time of the study on infants growth (increase in head circumstances, increase in height, increase in weight), There was no significant difference between the two groups. If we take the effect of contraceptive methods into consideration, the Triglyceride levels in non-hormonal group were increased considerably compared to the other group. Other ingredients were almost the same.
Shahram Shafa, Mehrdad Sayadinia, Bibi Mona Razavi, Tayyebeh Zarei , Maryam Ziyaei , Mansour Deylami,
Volume 83, Issue 2 (5-2025)
Abstract
Background: Controlling patients' anxiety before surgery reduces the possibility of postoperative problems and increases the possibility of patient participation and cooperation in the postoperative care and treatment plan.
Methods: This study uses a review approach to investigate non-pharmacological methods of anxiety management in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. The systematic search involves several key steps. Literature search: A thorough search was conducted in PubMed, Sciences Direct, Scopus, Magiran, Sid, and Google Scholar databases. The search was refined using keywords such as “aromatherapy,” “music therapy,” “massage,” “educational intervention,” “educational film,” and “sound of the Quran” and their English equivalents to identify relevant studies published in the past ten years. Inclusion criteria included studies on orthopedic surgery, Persian and English articles, and original articles. Exclusion criteria included studies outside the specified time frame or studies that deviated from the defined focus. In this review, we conclude by summarizing key aspects of the review process, emphasizing the rigorous approach applied in study selection, data extraction, and synthesis.
Results: The results of the present study showed that the non-pharmacological methods used to control or reduce anxiety in orthopedic surgery include methods; Music therapy, the sound of the Quran, relaxation techniques, back massage, educational intervention, educational video, awareness and training before surgery and aromatherapy (chamomile, lemon, rose, valerian, cardamom, cinnamon, calendula, lavender, lemon sour).
Conclusion: The results of numerous and reputable research findings clearly show that the use of non-pharmacological methods plays an effective role in reducing the level of anxiety of patients before, during and after orthopedic surgery. These methods, which are generally low-cost, low-complication, and applicable in various clinical settings, include techniques such as preoperative education, music therapy, breathing and relaxation techniques, mindfulness-based interventions, psychological support, and the creation of a calm and reassuring environment. Since anxiety is a known factor in weakening the immune system, increasing postoperative pain, prolonging the recovery period, and reducing overall patient satisfaction, its management is of great importance. Therefore, by integrating and utilizing such non-invasive methods into nursing care protocols and holistic patient care programs, the detrimental and undesirable effects of anxiety after orthopedic surgery can be significantly reduced and faster recovery, a better patient experience, and more favorable clinical outcomes can be achieved.
