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Showing 2 results for Methylphenidate
Comparison of duloxetine and methylphenidate in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Nasrin Dodangi , Nastaran Habibi ,
Volume 74, Issue 3 (6-2016)
Abstract

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and mostly chronic mental health condition that affects children, adolescents, and adults. Stimulants and atomoxetine are first-line agents for the treatment of ADHD. Despite the impressive track record of stimulants in the treatment of ADHD, they fail in 25% of patients due to lack of efficacy or the emergence of unwanted side effects. Accordingly, this study carried out to compare efficacy and safety of duloxetine (a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) and methylphenidate (a short acting stimulant) in the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Methods: Twenty-four children diagnosed with ADHD participated in this 6 weeks open clinical trial. Patients were between 6 to 11 years old that had been referred to psychiatry clinic at Akhavan and Rofide Medical and Rehabilitation Center in Tehran from September 2012 to July 2014. Diagnosis was made by two child psychiatrist according to DSM-IV TR criteria. Thirteen patients received duloxetine and others received methylphenidate. Conner’ parent rating scale-revised-short form (CPRS-RS) and ADHD-rating scale (ADHD-RS) were used at the beginning and then each two weeks to assess efficacy of treatment. Routine laboratory tests and electrocardiogram (ECG) was carried out in the beginning and end of the trial.

Results: Twenty children with ADHD completed the study (Ten in methylphenidate and ten in duloxetine group). In both groups, scales of CPRS-RS and ADHD-RS were reduced from baseline to endpoint, but this reduction in methylphenidate group was significantly greater than duloxetine group (P= 0.000). The most common side effect was gastrointestinal problems in duloxetine group and anorexia in methylphenidate group. No serious side effects and no changes in laboratory and ECG indexes were seen in both groups.

Conclusion: Duloxetine is not efficacious as well as methylphenidate in treatment of children with ADHD. Although more research are needed to achieve more accurate results.

Effect of Ritalin on liver histology and some liver enzymes in treptozotocin-safe and diabetic rats
Sahar Molzemi , Nahid Bolbolhaghighi , Mabobeh Sedighi , Mahbobeh Hadizade Bazaz , Gholam Hassan Vaezi ,
Volume 76, Issue 2 (5-2018)
Abstract
Background: Ritalin has properties similar to amphetamines and is therefore used arbitrarily. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ritalin on liver histology and some liver enzymes in streptozotocin-safe and diabetic rats.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted in September 2012 at Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Iran. In this research, 80 male rats were divided into 8 groups of 10 rats, which included: control group consisting of healthy rats and experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 (healthy+ritalin), which ritalin was taken as daily gavage 2.5 mg/kg, as well as control group (diabetic) and experimental group 4, 5 and 6 (diabetic+ritalin) after 2 months of diabetic ritalin at doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg as daily gavages up to 30 days. At the end of the prescribed day, the rats were anesthetized and after sampling from the heart, samples were taken from the liver and samples were delivered to the laboratory.
Results: Significant decrease in albumin levels of experimental groups compared to control group (P<0.05) and significant increase in aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase enzymes in all experimental groups compared to control group was observed. The rat liver tissue study showed that rats that had been exposed to different doses of riatalin for 30 days, had fibrosis around the arteries (2+), moderate to weak fibrosis, and infiltration of inflammatory cells around the arteries. In experimental groups (diabetic+ritalin), hepatocyte columns have no regularity compared to control.
Conclusion: Oral consumption of ritalin caused a disturbance in the balance of liver enzymes and elevated serum albumin levels in healthy and diabetic rats. In the experimental groups (healthy ritalin) and (diabetic+ritalin), the higher the dose of the drug, the increased levels of liver enzymes as compared to the diabetic group. Severe degrees of tissue alteration are observed in the group (diabetic+ritalin). The texture of the tissue in the group (diabetic+ritalin) disappeared and appeared in the texture of the disintegration.

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