Showing 7 results for Milk
H R Sadeghi Poor , M Samarkhah , M Effat Panah , A Bahiraei , Sh Khaghani, R Ansari Toroghi ,
Volume 62, Issue 4 (7-2004)
Abstract
Background: This research was conducted for the purpose of determining the effect of hormonal and non-hormonal contraception on the mother milk and infants growth among lactating women received by south Tehran’s Health Centers. In this regard a broad spectrum study from December 2000 until February 2001 was done by Tehran university.
Materials and Methods: By sampling method, 200 lactating women were chosen randomly. They were divided into two groups according to their preferred method of contraception: 67 women chose hormonal method and 133 women chose non –hormonal method.
Results&Conclusion: During the time of the study on infants growth (increase in head circumstances, increase in height, increase in weight), There was no significant difference between the two groups. If we take the effect of contraceptive methods into consideration, the Triglyceride levels in non-hormonal group were increased considerably compared to the other group. Other ingredients were almost the same.
Mansouri M, Movahhedi M, Pourpak Z, Akramian R, Shokohi Shormasti R, Mozaffari H, Farhoudi A,
Volume 65, Issue 5 (8-2007)
Abstract
Background: Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common food allergy during the first year of life. Strict avoidance of specific foods is the only accepted treatment for food-induced allergic reactions. This is often an unrealistic therapeutic option, since cow's milk is a basic food that is extensively used in infant formula. The recent preliminary experience of oral desensitization to cow's milk by Meglio & Patriarca seems promising. The object of this study was to investigate the desensitization of children with CMPA to cow's milk.
Methods: All the patients referred to the Allergology Department of the Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran from March 2004 to November 2005 suspected to have CMPA were evaluated. The patients were included in the intervention or control groups of the study. For the intervention group, Meglio's protocol was performed. We observed and examined the control group for at least 6 months. Eventually both groups were reevaluated for the symptoms and persistence of positive specific IgE for cow milk proteins.
Results: We enrolled 20 patients for oral desensitization and 13 patients were enrolled in the control group. Both groups were similar with regard to the mean age, sex and clinical symptoms. In 18 (90%) of the intervention subjects, oral desensitization with cow's milk was successfully performed. The entire protocol was completed by 14 (70%) of the intervention subjects. At the end of the six-month observation period, all the patients in the control group were still symptomatic after ingestion of cow's milk. The levels of specific IgE for cow's milk in the intervention group decreased significantly, which was not observed in the control group.
Conclusion: We successfully desensitized 90% of our CMPA patients. Considering that all the patients in the control group remained symptomatic after the period of observation and our promising results in oral desensitization with cow's milk, we can safely propose this protocol as a hopeful alternative in the treatment of CMPA. We speculate that oral desensitization to cow's milk does not alter the natural outcome of CMPA, but substantially increases the threshold dose necessary to elicit allergic symptoms.
Gholampour Azizi I, Khoushnevis S H, Hashemi S J,
Volume 65, Issue 13 (3-2008)
Abstract
Background: Aflatoxins are severe toxic secondary metabolites found in most plant
products. When animals consume contaminated feed stuff to Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), the
toxin is metabolized by liver and is excreted as Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) via milk. Aflatoxins
are acute toxic compounds, immunosuppressive, mutagen, tratogen and carcinogen.
Methods: During the winter of 2006, pasteurized and sterilized (ultra high temperature)
(UHT) milk packages were collected from supermarkets in Babol city. 78 pasteurized and
33 sterilized milk, totally 111 samples were tested for AFM1 by competitive Enzyme
Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Solid phase in plastic micro wells coated whit
anti-Aflatoxin M1 antibodies. We added 100 microliter skimmed milk and Aflatoxin M1
standard solutions in each well. In each plate, we appointed seven wells for standards.
Plates were incubated at 20-25° centigrade for 45 min. Each well was washed four times
by washing buffer 20X concentration. Then 100 micro liter conjugated solution (100X)
was added to each well, and the plate was incubated at 20-25 centigrade for 15 min. After
that, the wells were washed. After adding the substrates to wells, we incubated the plate
at 20-25° centigrade in a dark place for 15 min. The reaction was stopped by stop solution.
After one hour, light absorption was read at 450 nm by ELISA reader.
Results: AFM1 were detected in 100% of all samples. 100% of samples were above of
European community regulations (50ng/l). AFM1 contamination mean levels pasteurized
and sterilized milk were 230.5 and 221.66 respectively. Therefore more than four fold
levels European community. There is not a significant relationship between AFM1
contamina-tion level and different months of winter applying statistical test.
Conclusion: The results showed the need for introducing safety limits for AFM1 levels in
child milk under Food Legislative liable of Iran. Aflatoxin M1 contamination is a serious
problem for public health, and it is potentially hazardous for human health.
Ghorbani R, Sadat-Hashemi Sm, Pazooki R,
Volume 66, Issue 6 (9-2008)
Abstract
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Background: Giardia lamblia is one of the most prevalent protozoa infections of the human small
intestine. Although anyone can be infected by Giardia, women and children are more susceptible. Giardia infection can cause
malnutrition, diarrhea and indigestion of fat. In this study, the effect of
breast-feeding on the prevalence of Giardia among children is investigated.
Methods: A total of 482 children, aged 6 to 24 months, from the urban areas
of Semnan, Damghan and Garmsar in Iran, were enrolled in this survey. Each
mother underwent an interview and filled out a questionnaire that included mother's
age, family size, birth order of the child, age and sex of the child and type
of milk consumed, among other variables. Then, each mother was given a sample
container with 30cc of phenol alcohol formaldehyde (PAF) and an applicator for
sampling her child's stool. Each mother was trained to consecutively sample her
child's stool for three days, to put the stool into the provided container using
the applicator and to shake it until the sample and liquid appeared homogenous.
The sample was examined using the direct method, using formalin-ether and
thionine.
Data was analyzed using the c2 test
and logistic regression using SPSS version 11.5.
Results: The
mean age of the children was 13.6(±5.6) months. Of these children, 45.6% were
girls. The prevalence of G. lamblia infection was 8.5%. There was a significant relationship between Giardia and the age of the child,
education level of the mother and type of milk the child consumed (p<0.05), such
that children who had not consumed their mothers' milk were more likely to be infected
compared to those who had been breast fed (OR=2.38, 95% CI: 1.13-5.03, P=0.023).
Conclusions: Results show that breast-feeding is a safer method of feeding with
regard to Giardia infection.
Therefore, mothers should be educated to breast-feed their children and not use
other types of milk or milk substitutes. This important issue must be
considered by policy makers for education and subsidy programs.
Kardar Gha, Pourpak Z,
Volume 68, Issue 3 (6-2010)
Abstract
Background: The hypersensitivity to cow’s milk allergens is the most common
allergies in children at the first year of life. The specific IgE evaluation is one of the important methods in diagnosis of allergic disease. The aim of this study was development of a sensitive and credible procedure for detection of cow’s milk allergens specific IgE.
Methods: The allergen discs were prepared by coating of allergens on nitrocellulose paper. After incubation of allergen discs with patients serum, anti-human IgE conjugated were used. In following optimization of any step of ELISAs test, a complete kit was designed. Efficiency of designed kits were evaluated by determination of specific IgE in normal (n= 29) and patient (n= 153) children serum samples and compared with commercial kits.
Results: The specific IgE against three allergrns involving casein, -lactalbumin and - lactoglobulin were measured on normal and patient children serum with designed and commercial ELISA kits. Results were demonstrated specificity of 93%, 89.7% & 82.8% and sensitivity of 86.3%, 81.3% & 89.6% respectively for casein, -lactalbumin and - lactoglobulin specific kits and these results were similar and comparable with commercial kits.
Conclusion: The Designed kits in comparison with the commercial kits were showed equivalent sensitivity and specificity. The designed kit stability was ultimately one month, probably due to don’t using of stabilizers for prepared allergen discs. We suggest these kits for commercial product in Iran and we hope be helpful for easier
accesses for Cow’s milk allergy diagnosis and extend that for other allergens.
Mohammad Khalili , Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian , Farzaneh Salari Aliabadi , Jalil Abshenas ,
Volume 74, Issue 7 (10-2016)
Abstract
Background: Human brucellosis is a significant public health problem in many middle east countries including Iran. Brucella organisms, which are small aerobic, facultative intracellular coccobacilli, localize in the reproductive organs of host animals, causing abortions and sterility. They are shed in large numbers in the animal’s urine, milk, placental fluid, and other fluids. Dairy product from raw milk are a potential threat to public health in endemic developing countries. The gold standard for the diagnosis of brucellosis is isolation of Brucella species. However, isolation Brucella species is time consuming and needed to level 3 biocontainment facilities and highly skilled technical personnel to handle samples and live bacteria for eventual identification. Handling Brucella species increase risk of laboratory infection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with high sensitivity and specifity overcomed to these disadvantages. The aim of this study was to detect Brucella species in milk from dairy cattle farms in Kerman province, Iran by PCR technique.
Methods: Forty and eight bulk tank milk (BTM) were collected from October 2015 to March 2016 from 48 dairy cattle farm including 4200 cows. DNA of milk samples extracted by lysis buffer and proteinase K method. All milk samples were examined by PCR to detect Brucella-specific DNA targeting IS 711. Positive samples must be showed 317 bp amplified, corresponding to the expected size of the IS 711 genome region in all Brucella species.
Results: Using IS711 primer were detected in 4 samples (8.3%) Brucella spp. from 48 BTM samples in this area.
Conclusion: The results indicate that brucellosis by Brucella species is endemic in the Kerman province dairy farms. Consumption of raw milk dairy products by individual farmers operating under poor hygienic conditions represents an high risk to public health. The need for implementing control measures and raising public awareness on zoonotic transmission of brucellosis are recommended. Vaccination of cattle is recommended for control of bovine brucellosis in enzootic areas with high prevalence rates.
Fatemeh Nayeri , Hosein Dalili , Mamak Shariat , Tahere Esmaeilnia , Elahe Amini , Vafa Ghorban Sabagh ,
Volume 74, Issue 8 (11-2016)
Abstract
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Background: Human breast milk contains high levels of fat and toxins. These substances which exist in our country based on many reports. This study aimed to evaluate the concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the mother’s milk during the first postnatal week.
Methods: This study was accomplished on 50 mothers who gave birth to a healthy infant at Vali-e-Asr University Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, from 2014 through 2015. Within the first postnatal week a 20 cc sample of mother’s breast milk was obtained and was sent for laboratory analysis to measure PCB levels via GC-Mass method. Except of PCBs, triglycerides (TG), high-density cholesterol in breast milk was also measured. Also the relation between fat and polychlorinated bi phenyl was assessed. The association between PCBs and body mass index of mothers was investigated.
Results: Mean age of mothers was 29.41±6.14 year. PCB180 was significantly correlated with TG values, while this correlation was not observed for other types of PCBs. There was no correlation between cholesterol and fat high-density with PCBs. Other PCB isomers 138, 153, 180 and 101, had not correlation with triglyceride, cholesterol and high density fat. There was a significant correlation between increasing weight and the concentration of PCB101, and PCB180 concentrations. It was also observed between increasing weight and the concentration of PCB101 (P=0.033, r=0.293) and concentrations of PCB180 (P=0.034, r=0.428), there was a significant correlation. In our study PCB101, (r=0.278, P=0.048) and PCb28 (r=0.328, P=0.021) were significantly correlated with body mass index (BMI).
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Conclusion: The present study showed a higher than normal concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls in breast milk. And therefore these compounds will be transferred to the baby. Due to the damaging effects of these toxins, it is recommended additional studies on larger groups and other types of samples (mother blood, cord blood etc.).
