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The effects of allopurinol mouthwash in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced stomatitis
Shabanloei R, Ahmadi F, Vaez Gharamaleki J, Hajizadeh E, Javadzadeh Y,
Volume 65, Issue 9 (12-2007)
Abstract

Background: Stomatitis, the inflammation of the mucous lining of any of the oral structures, is a frequent side-effect of anticancer drugs due to excess uric acid production. Strict oral hygiene and the application of an appropriate mouthwash has been reported to relieve pain and improve patient quality of life. Allopurinol is a drug used to treat conditions caused by excess uric acid. The aim of this study to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic use of allopurinol mouthwash for stomatitis in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 42 patients were randomly assigned to either a study group or a control group. In the study group (28 patients), patients used 5 mg/ml allopurinol mouthwash in hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose. The control group (14 patients) used water instead of the mouthwash. Treatment was administered for 16 days.
Results: Data collected during the daily follow-up of the patients' oral mucosa showed that allopurinol mouthwash decreased the severity, pain and duration of stomatitis.
Conclusion: Preventing stomatitis in patients receiving chemotherapy improves the health of the patient and compliance with treatment. Based on our findings, allopurinol mouthwash should be used for all chemotherapy patients for the prevention of stomatitis. This nursing intervention can also improve the patient's nutritional state and level of satisfaction.


Preventive effects of tomato pulp on oral pre-neoplastic changes in-duced by 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxid in the rat
Mohammad Mashayekhi , Daryoush Mohajeri , Mohammad Reza Valilu,
Volume 72, Issue 5 (8-2014)
Abstract
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent oral cancer. Protec-tive effects of the consumption of vegetables and fruits on various forms of cancer in-cluding oral cancer have been determined. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) because of its lycopene and bioflavonoids contents possesses anti-carcinogenic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effects of tomato pulp on pre-neoplastic changes induced by 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxid (4-NQO) in epithelial cells of lingual mucosa in the rats. Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four equal groups. Group 1 served as control. Groups 2 to 4 assigned to receive 30 ppm 4-NQO in drinking water for 12 consecutive weeks. When the feeding of 4-NQO was started to the rats of groups 3 and 4, they received tomato pulp (20 and 40 ml/kg bw) daily through the oral gavage. Finally, histological evaluations for carcinogenesis were performed for tongues epithelial tissue. Results: There were no pathological alterations in epithelial tissue of lingual mucosa in control rats. In the epithelial cells of lingual mucosa of 4-NQO treated rats, premalig-nant alterations appeared after 12 weeks of the last application of the drug. Administration of tomato pulp at both doses (20 and 40 ml/kg bw) during the experiment reduced the severity of the lesions, as well as caused a significant reduction in the frequency of pre-neoplastic lesions of tongue epithelial cells (P= 0.024 and P= 0.008). The incidence of severe epithelial cells dysplasia of lingual mucosa in the high dose treatment group was significantly smaller than of low dose treatment group (P= 0.037). Conclusion: The results obtained showed that tomato pulp is effective in inhibiting the development of neoplasms in epithelial cells of lingual mucosa induced by 4-NQO in the rat.
Metastasis of Non-Hodgkin's T-cell lymphoma to the palate and maxillary alveolar ridge: case report
Zohreh Dalirsani, Atessa Pakfetrat, Nasrollah Saghravanian, Negin Samiee, Samaneh Salari ,
Volume 79, Issue 1 (4-2021)
Abstract
Background: Lymphoma is a malignant proliferation of lymphoid cells. External T-cell lymphoma is very rare. Lymphomas are neoplastic growth of lymphocytes caused by organisms like EBV, HIV, etc. This malignancy is classified as Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Oral lymphomas account for a small percentage of head and neck malignancies, and intraoral lymphoma is rare and mostly seen in Waldeyer's ring of immunocompromised patients.
Case presentation: A 67-year-old female was referred with a palatal wound that developed within two months. In medical history, she had a peptic ulcer since last year, and intestine lymphoma was diagnosed 4 months later. After that, her gastrointestinal lymphoma was treated with surgery and chemotherapy for 6 sessions. The oral examination revealed an endophytic ulcer with a granular surface in the left posterior part of the hard and soft palate and maxillary alveolar ridge. The lesion was under biopsy with clinical differential diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma or metastatic lymphoma or deep fungal infection. Microscopic examination with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed malignant mononucleated lymphocytes and hyperchromatic, polymorphic, dysplastic cells. Also, acinic cells and muscular cells were destructed. Moreover, immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was positive for CD3, showing the presence of T lymphocytes. Therefore, diagnosis of metastasis of intestinal T-cell lymphoma to oral cavity was established. Because the patient had a history of intestinal lymphoma, she was referred to the oncologist for treatment. In further examinations, lung and liver metastasis were detected and the patient died on the second session of chemotherapy.
Conclusion: Malignant metastases to the oral cavity can occur in various forms, including swelling and ulcer, periodontal lesion and tooth luxation. Since, metastatic lesions in the oral cavity, could imitate the feature of inflammatory lesions, a thorough examination and taking history can be helpful in the early diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning to increase patients’ survival.
 

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