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Prevalence of microcytic anemia among newborn infants from baharloo hospital, tehran, iran
Mohammad Ali Shaban, Asghar Ghorbani, Mohammad Kaji Yazdi , Neda Hakimian, Monir Al-Sadat Sahlabadi, Zahra Shokri, Zahra Mollah Esmaeili,
Volume 79, Issue 5 (8-2021)
Abstract
Background: Anemia has a very high prevalence across the world. Microcytic anemia is the most common nutritional disorder and a major health problem in infants and children associated with inadequate growth and development. Diagnosing anemia at the birth can be difficult. Due to the fact that conditions such as thalassemia and iron deficiency are causative factors of microcytic anemia are prevalent in Iran, early diagnosing and treating these diseases can prevent excessive costs and further complications. Therefore, recognizing the practical factors with this complication is an effective step in controlling and preventing it. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the prevalence of microcytic anemia in newborns in Baharloo Hospital in Tehran, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 210 infants, which were newly born on Baharloo Hospital from march2018 to march2019. 2.5 cc cord blood sample was extracted from each infant, and microcytic anemia were diagnosed according to factors such as Hb, MCV and others parameters.
Results: in this study, we demonstrated that there is a significant association between MCH and microcytic anemia. Our results showed that the rates of newborn infants with anemia disease (Hb<13ml/dl) were 14.3% and the rates of microcytic anemia were 9.5%. There were not any significant differences between mother's age, neonatal weight and height, type of parturition, pregnancy age and parental ratio with the incidence of microcytic anemia.
Conclusion: Anemia has a relatively high prevalence in the center of Baharloo Hospital, Tehran, Iran. So screening and further investigation for anemia and related factors are critical. According to the results of our investigation, studies showed that anemia is a multifactorial disease that depends on different factors. The existence of variable results in different studies requires evaluating more parameters that affect the incidence of microcytic anemia, such as iron deficiency, eating habits, level of parental education, and use of iron supplements in pregnancy. Management of this disease requires screening and early diagnosis for more effective treatment and reduction of its potential complications.

The effect of neonatal bloodletting in the treatment of neonatal jaundice: a review article
Reza Saeidi, Ali Saeidi, Azri Izanloo, Mehdi Hosseini,
Volume 80, Issue 9 (12-2022)
Abstract
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia occurs in 60-80% newborns in the first few days of birth, in most cases, jaundice is physiologic and usually improves without treatment. Bloodletting is the withdrawal of blood from a patient to prevent or cure illness and disease. Recently the Bloodletting is one of the common treatments for neonatal jaundice. In this review study, we have evaluated medical articles and narrative books (hadiths) for the application of this method in neonatal jaundice. In this systematic review we evaluated PubMed databases, Cochrane, Google Scholar, collaboration library, SID, Magiran, and narrative books (hadiths) with the subject of cupping and Bloodletting were included in the study 1983 and September 2019. In this study, all of articles with the title “Bloodletting“, "cupping" and “Wet cupping”, “Dry cupping”, “Air trapping”, “Scarification”, “Hejamat”, “ear cupping” and the abstracts of the articles presented in the conferences were studied. Then, in the evaluation stage of the articles, all the studies unrelated to the issue were excluded from the research. Also, in this study, all Shia and Sunni hadith sources and the Holy Qur'an were evaluated. The evaluation of hadiths was carried out by Jama Al-Ahadith software, which is a collection of Shia and Sunni hadith books. We assessed 1120 articles related to Bloodletting, none of which were related to neonatal jaundice and Bloodletting. Cupping is a therapeutic method that dates back thousands of years. Bloodletting by scarification was an accepted practice in Ancient Egypt. In Greece, bloodletting was in use in the 5th century BC. "Bleeding" a patient to health was modeled on the process of menstruation. During the Roman Empire, the Greek physician Galen, who subscribed to the teachings of Hippocrates, advocated physician-initiated bloodletting. The popularity of bloodletting was reinforced by the ideas of Galen. In our study in Shiite and Sunni narrations, only two narrations recommended infant Bloodletting after four months just for prevention. According to our finding there is no article or narration that recommended Bloodletting for neonatal jaundice.

Prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in newborns admitted to the intensive care units in Tehran, Iran
Samileh Noorbakhsh, Mohammad Farhadi , Sara Minaeian, Morteza Haghighi Hasanabad ,
Volume 81, Issue 3 (6-2023)
Abstract
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infections in newborns which can lead to long-term complications in more than half of the cases with symptomatic infection at birth time. Unfortunately, neonates with congenital CMV infection will mostly remain undiagnosed because the golden time for detection is limited to the first 3 weeks of infants' life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of congenital CMV infection in newborns admitted to intensive care units of hospitals in Tehran, Iran and assess related risk factors associated with the infection.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study from April to October 2017, newborns within the first three weeks of life who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of university-affiliated hospitals in Tehran, Iran, were eligible for enrollment. CMV infection in neonates was diagnosed through testing infants' Guthrie cards and detection of viral DNA via an in-house nested-PCR assay. Congenital CMV infection in neonates with positive results was confirmed by testing urine specimens as a sensitive and gold standard sample. Related data (demographic and maternal factors) were collected by questionnaires and analyzed.
Results: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection was diagnosed in 8 of 63 newborns (12.7%). Hearing loss was seen in 2 infected infants. The mean of head circumferences among infected neonates was significantly lower than that observed in uninfected cases. Infants with CMV related symptoms had statistically more chance to have infection (P=0.02). We also found Guthrie cards as a reliable sample with high sensitivity for CMV detection assays.
Conclusion: The current study showed a high rate of symptomatic congenital CMV infection among neonates attending on NICU sections of hospitals in Tehran, Iran. It is of crucial importance to note that based on evidence, diagnosis of infants with congenital CMV infection at early stages could help to decrease the burden of long-term diseases if associated with prompt interventions and reduce the costs of late-ineffective treatment. Therefore, routine screening of newborns for congenital CMV infection via Guthrie cards is suggested.

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