Showing 6 results for Prenatal
Barzegar M, Talaei Zavareh Sa, Salami M,
Volume 68, Issue 10 (1-2011)
Abstract
Background: Numerous evidences indicate that various environmental stresses during
pregnancy affect physiological behavior of the offspring. This experimental
study was designed to investigate the effect of noise stress during prenatal
period of rats on spatial learning and memory and plasma corticostrone level in
postnatal life.
Methods: Three groups of pregnant rats were given daily noise stress with durations of
two and/ or four hours in last week of pregnancy period. The fourth group was
left unstressed. The male offspring from the unstressed and different stressed
groups were assigned as controls and stressed groups. The animals were
introduced to a spatial task in Morris water maze 4
trials/day for five consecutive days. The probe test was performed on the 5th day of the experiment. The delay in findings and the distance passed to locate
the target platform were assessed as the spatial learning.
Results: Our results showed that prenatal exposure to noise stress for two and/ or four
hours a day, leads to impaired acquisition of spatial learning in the postnatal
animals. The plasma level of corticostrone in the two stressed groups of rats
markedly matched with their behavioral function. Prenatal exposure to 1-
hour noise stress revealed no effects on the offsprings' behavior and plasma
corticostrone level.
Conclusion: Based on our study results, it seems that applied range of stress which is
executed through the noise stress could increase the plasma corticostrone level
and could decrease spatial learning and memory of adult male offspring.
Rashidi-Nezhad A, Fakhri L, Hantoush Zadeh S, Amini E, Sajjadian N, Hossein Zadeh P, Niknam Oskouei F, Akrami Sm,
Volume 70, Issue 10 (1-2013)
Abstract
Background: Neonatal deaths stand for almost two-thirds of all deaths occurring in infants under one year of age. Congenital anomalies are responsible for 24.5% of these cases forming a highly important issue for health policy-makers.
Methods: We studied the pre-, peri- and post-natal conditions of 77 patients with multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) through genetic counseling at Several university Hospitals, in Tehran, Iran. The collected data were subsequently analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The patients did not have a good prognosis, demonstrating the need for the diagnosis of such diseases early in pregnancy to be of utmost importance. We screened for trisomy and nuchal translucency, which the first showed a low risk and the second showed normal results in most cases.
Conclusion: Establishment of standards for prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies and monitoring their implementation seem to be necessary for the reduction of deaths due to congenital anomalies and infant mortality rate (IMR).
Mohammad Sarani , Zahra Shahraki , Mahboobeh Shirazi , Soleiman Saravani ,
Volume 72, Issue 9 (12-2014)
Abstract
Background: Maternal mortality is one of the most important indicators of women health standard in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of risk factors and etiology of maternal mortality in a geographic region of Iran.
Methods: This descriptive- analytic cross sectional study included all pregnant women who died during pregnancy and six weeks after delivery due to pregnancy related fac-tor. The study was done in Sistan region in the north of Sistan and Baluchestan Prov-ince of Iran from April 2002 to March 2014. The immigrant women were excluded. Data were collected using 3 parts questionnaire. The validity and reliability of ques-tioner were approved by experts in this field. Data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS version 18, Chi-square test and ANOVA analysis were performed.
Results: The total number of deliveries during this time period was 60496. The total number of maternal mortality was 57 patients which means 94.2 out of 100.000 live births. Most of the dead mothers had more than 35 years old (46.9%), gestational age was more than 22 weeks (77.2%), gravidity more than 4 (21.1%), pregnancy interval lower than two years (46.9%) and 75.4% of death was in post-partum. The main cause of mortality was post-partum hemorrhage (19.3%).
Conclusion: Based on our findings, some factors including multiparity, pregnancy his-tory more than 4 times, short interval between pregnancies lower than 2 years and ma-ternal age more than 35 years were some risk factors for maternal death. Maternal mortality in the postpartum period was more than pre-delivery period. Bleeding was the main cause of maternal mortality. Therefore monitoring of vital signs in the post-partum period and the proper management of bleeding are very important. It is sug-gested that risk assessment should be done for pregnant women in delivery ward for detecting high risk pregnant women. Suitable management for these women especially for patients with postpartum hemorrhage plays an important role to decrease the ma-ternal mortality.
Zahra Aryan, Atekeh Bahadori , Dariush Farhud,
Volume 77, Issue 1 (4-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of prenatal diagnosis tests is insisting of diagnosis of neonatal disorders, preparing a range of informed choices and making couples at risk to be ready for having children with genetic disorders as well. The aim of this article is to investigate all of the tests in order to determine the best one which has the lowest risk and the highest sensitivity. Screening tests (maternal blood test and ultrasonography for first and second trimester) are testing patients without symptoms who are at low risk. These tests are carried out in the early stages of pregnancy, and the risk of genetic diseases would be estimated. They are safe and also might be helpful in determining whether invasive prenatal genetic tests including chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, and percutaneous umbilical blood sampling are needed. Diagnostic test is insisting of invasive tests: amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling (CVS), cordocentesis, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), which is a genetic test on cells removed from embryos to help select the best ones to avoid some of genetic diseases, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), QF-PCR, multiplex ligation probe amplification (MLPA), next generation sequencing (NGS), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and non-invasive tests: ultrasound, prenatal sonography, cell free fetal DNA, triple and quadruple screen: alpha fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), unconjugated estriol (uE3), inhibin-A). These tests are intended for patients who have apparent symptoms and the results of their early stages of pregnancy have been positive. Non-invasive prenatal tests (NIPT), sometimes called noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS), have features of both screening and diagnostic tests, but, now screening test is more considerable. Small fragments of DNA would be analyzed by this testing in which they are circulating in a pregnant woman’s blood. While most DNA is found inside a cell’s nucleus, these fragments are free-floating and not within cells, at this point, they are called cell-free DNA (cfDNA) which usually contain fewer than 200 DNA building blocks (base pairs). Non-invasive prenatal tests is more sensitive with the high degree of specify to determine trisomy 13, 18 and 21 in women who are at increased risk of having offspring with genetic disorders.
Zahra Shahraki, Tayebeh Shahraki, Mahin Badakhsh, Khadijeh Saravani, Ghasem Shahraki, Abdolghani Abdollahi Mohammad ,
Volume 78, Issue 7 (10-2020)
Abstract
Background: Childbirth is a natural phenomenon without the medical intervention but someone a cesarean section is necessary when a vaginal delivery might put mother and baby at risk. Given the increased rate of cesarean section and post-operative complications, prolonged recovery, high cost of labor through surgery, Childbirth education classes can prepare parents for normal or complicated labor and delivery. This study aimed to investigate the effect of delivery preparation classes on choosing a delivery method.
Methods: This study compared the experimental and control groups of pregnant women who were referred to Zabol health centers and it was performed from May 2017 to November 2017. The statistical population included 70 pregnant women of which 35 cases were selected as the experimental group and 35 cases as the control group. For the experimental group, 8 sessions of counseling and training for natural childbirth were held. Data in two stages were collected. Up until the end of pregnancy, both groups were followed and the method of delivery was evaluated. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test in SPSS software, version 23 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
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Results: Based on the obtained data, it was observed that out of the participants in the training classes, 5 cases (14.3%) had cesarean section and and 30 cases (85.7%) had a normal delivery. 18 cases (51.4%) of the control group had the natural method and 17 cases (48.6%) were delivered by cesarean section. It was observed that there was a significant difference between the control and intervention groups in the type of delivery method, therefore, 85.7% of the intervention groups had a normal delivery (P=0.002).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that participation in childbirth preparation classes were influenced for the choice of delivery.
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Emad Kouhestani, Mansoureh Yaraghi, Mirsaeed Yekaninejad, Ashraf Alyasin,
Volume 78, Issue 9 (12-2020)
Abstract
Background: The health of pregnant mothers is one of the most important health indicators of each country. The midwifery clinic is one of the first places in which pregnant mothers become familiar with at the time they arrive. Providing health services at a desirable level and improving the quality of services in the midwifery clinic require an accurate understanding of the situation and its complications. This study aimed to assess how well pregnant mothers were satisfied with the midwifery services that they have received at midwifery to improve their quality.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 364 pregnant women who were referred to the midwifery clinic of Shariati Hospital in Tehran in August and September in 2018. Data were collected using a validated, pre-designed questionnaire and were analyzed using chi-square and multivariate logistic regression.
Results: Among the pregnant women referred to the clinic, 70.2% were satisfied with the care services received and 29.8% of them were not satisfied. This satisfaction level had a significant relationship with pregnancy (P=0.009) and mothers' age (P<0.001) while decreased by the increment in the number of pregnancies and age. Also, in this study, the least satisfaction was related to the crowds and waste of time and lack of access to the parking spot (P<0.001). In this research, the least satisfaction was due to crowding and waste of time, which can be addressed by improvement in the health services in the residential areas, appropriate referrals, informing about the expected time of arrival, and providing information on the alternative of the new hospitals in areas around the city with less traffic congestion and better parking sites.
| Conclusion: The results of our study showed the detailed patient satisfaction factors of an educational medical hospital. In overall the satisfaction. |
