Showing 34 results for Pressure
Kashi Ah, Fotouhil A, Hashemi H, Mohammadl K,
Volume 63, Issue 3 (6-2005)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to provide data, on the distribution or intraocular pressure (IOP) in Tehran population.
Materials and Methods: Through a population-based, cross-sectional study, a total of 4565 Tehran citizens were studied in the Tehran Eye Study. The findings of the participants (n=3834) 10 years and older free of glaucoma diagnosis or suspicion who had undergone applanation tonometry examination are presented. All participants received a standardized protocol included applanation tonometry, and some other ocular measurements, fundus examination, demographic data and an interview. IOP measurement was used to evaluate its distribution by age, sex, and some eye parameters.
Results: Mean ± SO IOP was 14.5±2.6 in the total population, 14.4±2.7 in men, and 14.5±2.5 in women. Normal range (mean±2SD) of IOP was determined to be 9.3 - 19.7 mmHg. IOP increased significantly with age and cup-disc ratio except for a fall in old ages. This relationship was also observed when we analyzed individuals without diabetes or hypertension history. IOP increased with darker eye pigmentation except for blue/gray eyes. There was a non-linear increase of IOP from emmetropic to high myopic eyes.
Conclusion: Mean and/or normal range of IOP and their associations have been reported with wide differences in various studies. It is wise that studies evaluate IOP distribution or associations in healthy people and glaucoma people separately and also report the prevalence of IOP risk factors in their population to allow for a logical comparison of studies.
Shamimi K, Aminian A, Moazami F, Jalali M,
Volume 64, Issue 12 (11-2006)
Abstract
Background: Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a clinical entity that develops from progressive, acute increases in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and adversely affects all vital organ systems In this study, the development of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and ACS in a surgical ICU population is described and examined.
Methods: Over a one-year period (2004), urinary bladder pressure (UBP) was measured prospectively in all surgical patients with abdominal problems admitted to the ICU of the Imam Hospital complex. UBP of >20 cm H2O indicated IAH. ACS was defined as the development of multiple organ dysfunction including peak airway pressure (PAP) >50 cm H2O, Horowitz quotient <150 torr or urine output <0.5 ml/kg/hr in the setting of IAH. Data were gathered on all patients with IAH and ACS.
Results: We evaluated some 353 patients, consisting of 165 elective laparatomies and 188 emergency cases, including 28 trauma patients. The incidence of IAH and ACS was 2 and 1 per cent (7 and 3 patients, respectively). The mean IAP of these seven patients was 29.8 cm H2O. No elevated IAP was observed after elective laparotomy (165 patients), nor in emergency cases with temporary abdominal wall closure (29 patients). APACHE II score, PAP and worst base deficit were significantly higher in patients with elevated IAP. None of the three patients with ACS underwent decompressive laparotomy. The mortality rate for patients with elevated IAP was 85%, significantly higher than the total study population.
Conclusion: IAH is a rare disease of the rarity of IAH, routine measurement of IAP is necessary only in high-risk patients. Prophylactic temporary abdominal wall closure may prevent IAH and ACS in high-risk patients. Patients with elevated IAP have dismal outcomes. Critical care practitioners should become familiar with different aspects of IAH and ACS, including decompressive laparotomy.
Hekmat R, Mojahedi M J, Garevani H,
Volume 65, Issue 13 (3-2008)
Abstract
Background: The effect of kind of dialysis solution on the control of blood pressure and
adequacy and efficacy of hemodialysis is a most debated and controversial issue.
Methods: Twenty six chronic hemodialized patients in Ghaem hemodialysis center,
Mashhad, Iran, in winter of the year 2004, enrolled this study for one month. The patients
were dialyzed with bicarbonate buffer and were dialyzed in the next month with acetate.
The kind of membranes and the dialysis machines were the same in both months.
Systolic and diastolic pressures were measured before and after hemodialysis in at least
three hemodialysis sessions, and he means recorded. The mean of the body weight were
also recorded. In the same sessions of hemodialysis by measuring the urea, before and
after hemodialysis, urea reduction ratio (URR), was also calculated. Statistical analysis
was done with paired student t test for paired measurement, and independent t test for
evaluating the effect of the kind of dialysate buffer on the measured parameters.
Results: There were no significant statistical differences between acetate and bicarbonate
dialysis solution buffers in the control of diastolic blood pressure. But use of acetate
buffer resulted in more significant systolic blood pressure reduction compared with
bicarbonate buffer (p=0.045). When adequacy of hemodialysis were compared between
two kinds of buffers there were no significant statistical differences between them. When
the effect of dialysate sodium concentration in the range utilized in two buffers, was
evaluated on the systolic and diastolic pressure reduction, no significant differences,
between two types of buffers attributable to the difference between dialysates sodium
concentrations were found.
Conclusion: Hemodialysis with both, acetate and bicarbonate buffers results in
significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, weight and urea ratio. Use
of acetate buffer is more significantly associated with systolic blood pressure reduction
compared to bicarbonate buffer (p=0.045), this effect is independent of the dialysate
buffer sodium concentration.
Gholam Alemohammad M, Rahimi E,
Volume 66, Issue 11 (2-2009)
Abstract
Background: Direct monitoring of arterial pressure using a transducer system is not affordable in most operating rooms and ICU wards in Iran. It is, however, possible to use an aneroid manometer instead, but it is not standardized yet, nor studied enough and its measurements may not be interpretable.
Methods: To study the correlation of the arterial pressure readings between a manometer and a transducer system, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure was measured 105 times using both systems via arterial cannulation in seven patients during surgery. Mean arterial pressure was directly recorded in the transducer system, while it was calculated in the manometer system. In the manometer system, the extension tube was filled with saline halfway from the patient and the other empty end was connected to a manometer. The transducer and the air-fluid interface in the extension tube were positioned at same level. Correlation of the arterial pressures between the systems was tested using linear regression and Pearson correlation.
Results: Mean arterial pressure differed by 2 (1-3) mmHg [mean (CI 95%)] between the systems, however, pulse pressure was lower in the manometer system by 37 (33-41) mmHg. The mean arterial pressure in the transducer system (MAPT) correlated well and linearly with the systolic arterial pressure in the manometer system (SAPM) by R=0.966. Therefore, MAPT can be regarded as a function of SAPM through the following formula: MAPT = (1.03 ´ SAPM) - 7.34.
Conclusion: The mean arterial pressure in the transducer system can be reliably estimated by monitoring the systolic arterial pressure in the manometer system.
Sattarzadeh Badkoubeh R, Tavoosi A, Heidari K, Rezaei Hemami M,
Volume 68, Issue 5 (8-2010)
Abstract
Background: Estimation of Left Ventricular End Diastolic Pressure (LVEDP) among patients with Mitral Stenosis (MS) helps to diagnose diastolic dysfunction and to explain their symptoms. However, Conventional Doppler measurements have limitation in predicting of LVEDP. This study sought to establish whether the correlation between measurements derived from Tissue Doppler echocardiography and LVEDP remains valid in the setting of severe mitral stenosis.
Methods: Thirty three patients with moderate to severe MS who had indication for left heart catheterization enrolled during 1387-88 in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The mean diastolic transmitral pressure gradient and mitral valve area (MVA) were calculated, and Two-dimensional, M-mode, color Doppler and tissue Doppler Imaging indices such as: early diastolic mitral inflow velocity (E), annular early diastolic velocity (Ea), E/A ratio, Isovolemic relaxation time (IVRT), Pulmonary Vein systolic and diastolic flow velocities, Velocity Propagation, LA size, TE-Ea, Tei Index were obtained in maximum three hours before cardiac catheterization. The echocardiography analysis was performed offline without knowledge of hemodynamic data Linear correlation and multiple linear regression were used for analysis. p< 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: In univariate analysis, E/Ea was associated with LVEDP significantly (p = 0.04, r = 0.38). There was also a significant correlation between TE-Ea and LVDP (p = 0.01, r = -0.44). In multiple linear regression Tei Index (ß = 0.4, p< 0.02), and TE-Ea (ß = 0.5, p = 0.02) were showed as independent predictors of LVEDP (R2 = 49%).
Conclusion: Although we observed a moderate correlation between Doppler measurements and LVEDP in patients with severe MS, more similar studies are required.
Askarishahi M, Hajizadeh E, Afkhami-Ardakani M,
Volume 68, Issue 11 (2-2011)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a chronic non-communicable disease with increasing prevalence. Retinopathy is one of the main complications of diabetes. Early diagnosis and treatment of retinopathy can reduce the risk of low vision and blindness. The aim of this study was to apply regression analysis of current status data to determine risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes being referred to the Ophthalmology Clinic of Yazd Diabetes Research Center, Iran.
Methods: In this analytical-observational study, 459 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the study and the ophthalmic examinations done by an ophthalmologist included visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement and slit-lamp examination. After pupil dilatation, funduscopy was done and the patients were classified according to ETDRS criteria. A proportional hazard model for current status data was used to identify the risk factors for retinopathy.
Results: The hazard rate of having retinopathy increased by 5% for an increase of one year in the duration of diabetes (p<0.05) and the hazard rate of having retinopathy was 1.1 times greater in patients who had used insulin for diabetes compared with other type 2 diabetes patients (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that a history of hypertension may reduce the risks of diabetic retinopathy. In patients with the early diagnosis of diabetes, regular examination of the fundus, blood sugar control and tight control of high blood pressure are recommended.
Alizadeh Z, Kordi R, Hossein-Zadeh Attar Mj, Mansournia Ma,
Volume 69, Issue 4 (7-2011)
Abstract
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Background: Obesity is a major health problem all around the world. On the other hand, few
people, especially women, are physically active to the levels recommended by Healthy
People 2010 web site managed by
the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The
objective of this study was to compare the potential effects of intermittent
and continuous exercise programs combined with concurrent calorie restriction
diets on lipid profile and fasting blood sugar in overweight and obese females.
Methods : Forty-five women with a sedentary life style and a BMI
greater than 25 kg/m2,
were randomly assigned to one of the three groups (15
subjects in each group): a) 40
minutes of medium-intensity intermittent exercise (64-76%
of maximal heart rate), 3
bouts per day for 5 days a week, b) a
single bout of a 40-minute continuous
exercise per day for 5 days a week, C)
the non-exercising control group. A self-monitored
calorie restricted diet was recommended to all participants by a dietitian. The
lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and blood pressure of all participants were
assessed at baseline and 12 weeks after the intervention
period.
Results : After the intervention, there were no significant differences among the groups
in terms of lipid profile [cholesterol (P=0.94),
triglyceride (P=0.62)] fasting blood sugar (P=0.054),
systolic blood pressure (P=0.84) or diastolic
blood pressure (P=0.30).
Conclusion: There
seems to be no significant differences between short term continuous and
intermittent aerobic exercise programs in improving lipid profile, fasting
blood sugar or blood pressure both in overweight and obese women.
Khalili Gh, Sajedi P, Yousef Zadeghan S,
Volume 70, Issue 9 (12-2012)
Abstract
Background: Control of intracranial pressure (ICP) before, during and after neurosurgical operations is crucially important. Therefore, trying different methods and drug combinations to attain this goal is an ongoing effort in anesthesiology. In this study we compared two combinations of a narcotic agent with propofol in neurosurgical operations to control intracranial pressure.
Methods: In this prospective randomized double-blind clinical trial, we enrolled 34 patients with supratentorial brain tumors who were candidates for craniotomy in Alzahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran from April 2008 to April 2009. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 17, in whom the first and the second group, respectively, received a combination of "propofol and fentanyl" and a combination of "propofol and remifentanyl" as maintenance of anesthesia. The hemodynamic status, ICP during the surgery, and post-surgical complications in recovery unit were observed for and registered in a questionnaire.
Results: Hemodynamic status was similar in both groups and they did not differ in recovery complications except for pain which was more prevalent in remifentanil group (P<0.03). Although the patients in fentanyl group better responded to the drug for lowering ICP than remifentanyl group, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: There is no difference between these two anesthetic agent combinations and both could be useful in the anesthesia of neurosurgical operations. However combination of propofol and fentanyl seem to be superior because of more pain relief and a smoother recovery period.
Reza Karbasi-Afshar , Reza Noroozian , Ayat Shahmari , Amin Saburi ,
Volume 71, Issue 3 (6-2013)
Abstract
Background: Sympathetic complex of over-activation kidneys is one of the main causes of primary hypertension (HTN). We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of sympathectomy using 5Fr mariner catheter ablation on patients with refractory hypertension.
Methods: In this prospective cohort study, patients who received three or more anti-hypertensive medications with 160mmHg systolic blood pressure (BP) or more were randomly included and divided into 2 groups. Cases in the first group were undergone to renal denervation and the second group was treated by previous antihypertensive medications. Both groups were followed for six month by assessing BP and adverse effects.
Results: One hundred and seventeenth patients (54%) out of 212 screened patients were included in the first group (renal denervation) and 95 patients as the second group. The mean of BP changes in the first group was 35/15 mmHg with standard deviation of 22/11mmHg. (P<0.001) in the second group, the mean changes of BP was not statistically significant. (5/0mmHg± 22/11, P=0.79 for systolic BP and P=0.96 for diastolic BP). 92% of 117 patients in the first group had a favorable BP decrease, which was defined as a 20mmHg or more decrease in BP, in comparison with 15% of 95 patients as controls (P=0.001). There was no observed complication after denervation in the first group.
Conclusion: It seems that the sympathetic renal denervation can be an effective and safe method for treatment of refractory hypertensive patients indeed of routine medications although further studies with longer follow up duration and more cases are suggested for confirming this issue.
Maryam Amirazodi , Farhad Daryanoosh , Mohamad Ali Babaee Begi , Maryam Koshki Jahromi , Amin Mehrabi ,
Volume 71, Issue 3 (6-2013)
Abstract
Background: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) plays an important role in modulating coronary blood flow and heart rate. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of low intensity aerobic exercise on plasma levels of VIP hormone, blood pressure and heart rate in healthy elderly men and women, and patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
Methods: In this study, 15 healthy women and 15 healthy men and 15 female and 15 male with CAD disease were randomly chosen as the experimental and control groups. Subjects did aerobic exercises tree days/week, for eight weeks, with the heart rate of 10010 beats per minute. Blood samples were taken from each subject in three stages, (before, immediately after and 24 hours after the 8 weeks of exercising).
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference among plasma VIP levels in the four groups. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between the systolic blood pressure in the four groups (P=0.01) and the systolic blood pressure in male patients and healthy women (P=0.03) while there was no meaningful difference the systolic blood pressure in the two other groups. There was also a significant difference in the heart rate of the three rounds of sampling in the three of groups (P=0.002) but no significant difference was observed in healthy men.
Conclusion: According to the above results, it seems that the duration and intensity of each workout should be considered to reach the VIP stimulation threshold. It may bring about considerable changes in VIP levels.
Marjan Rismanchi , Pooneh Mokarram , Mahvash Alizadeh Naeeni , Mahdi Paryan , Zohreh Honardar , Soudabeh Kavousipour , Abbas Alipour ,
Volume 71, Issue 12 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third common cancer in the world. One of the pathways in colorectal tumor genesis is Microsatellite Instability (MSI+). MSI is detected in about 15% of all colorectal cancers. Colorectal tumors with MSI have dis-tinctive features compared with Microsatellite Stable (MSS) tumors. Due to the high percentage of MSI+ in patients with CRC in Iran, screening of this type of CRC is im-perative. In current study, two markers (BAT-26 and BAT-25) were used to determine an appropriate screening technique with high sensitivity and specificity to diagnose MSI status in patients with CRC.
Methods: Allelic variation in two markers (BAT-26 and BAT-25) was analyzed in tis-sues and sera of 44 normal volunteers and tumor and matched normal mucosal tissues as well as sera of 44 patients with sporadic colorectal cancer by Real Time PCR (Hy-bridization probe) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) techniques. The sensitivity and specificity of Real Time PCR and HPLC compared with sequencing as gold standard. The data were statistically analyzed using Student’s t-test and 2 or fisher exact test, where applicable with (P<0.05). Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity.
Results: The sensitivity and specificity of BAT-26 with Real Time PCR method (Hy-bridization probe) were 100% in comparison with gold standard method. Whereas the sensitivity and specificity of BAT-26 and BAT-25 with HPLC were 83%, 100% and 50%, 97%, respectively. Neither HPLC nor Real time PCR could detect circulating DNA with MSI property in sera.
Conclusion: The sensitivity and specificity of real time PCR in MSI detection is the same as sequencing method and more than HPLC. BAT-26 marker is more sensitive than BAT-25 and MSI detection with Real time PCR could be considered as an accu-rate method to diagnose MSI in CRC tissues not sera.
Azam Bakhtiarian , Sattar Ostadhadi, Masoumeh Jorjani , Sepideh Hashempour , Shahrbanoo Oryan , Vahid Nikoui ,
Volume 71, Issue 12 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background: Calcium channel blockers have an important role in treatment of various cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias, so study of cardiovascular effects of derivatives of these drugs are useful. Nifedipine is one of these drugs that used widely to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the central effects of synthesized dihydropyridine derivatives on systolic blood pressure and heart rate of rats and comparison to nifedipine.
Methods: Sixty four male rats, after induction of anesthesia and intracerebral ventricu-lar cannulation using stereotaxis method, were divided into eight equal groups. One week after the stereotaxis surgery, the systolic blood pressure and heart rate were eval-uated in times 15 to 60 minutes after intracerebral ventricular injection of DMSO (di-methylsulfoxide) and nifedipine in doses of 80 to 320 microgram/rat and also three synthesized dihydropyridine derivatives (A, B and C) in dose of 240 microgram/rat. Effects of these drugs on systolic blood pressure and heart rate were analyzed using two way repeated measure ANOVA statistical test, followed by Bonferroni posthoc test. All data were considered significant at P<0.05.
Results: The inhibitory effects of derivative B on systolic blood pressure and heart rate in dose of 240 microgram/rat in times of 15 and 30 minutes after injection were more potent than nifedipine (P<0.001), while A and C derivatives showed weaker inhibitory properties, compared with nifedipine. Also the inhibitory effects of derivative B on heart rate in dose of 240 microgram/rat were stronger than nifedipine in times of 15 to 60 minutes after injection (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Novel dihydropyridine derivatives can possess more potent and stable in-hibitory effects on systolic blood pressure and heart rate, and some part of these properties at least, can be attributed to their direct inhibitory effects on brain neurons.
Hajar Ebrahimiyan , Aminolla Bahaoddini , Jamshid Mohammadi , Maryam Mohammadiyan ,
Volume 73, Issue 12 (3-2016)
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in recent century with several complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Juglans regia L. leaves (Walnut tree) on blood pressure and its interaction with the adrenergic system in male rats.
Methods: In this experimental study that established in the physiology lab, School of scinse in Shiraz University from September to October 2013, in order to determine some of hydroalcoholic extract of Juglans regia L. leaves effect on blood pressure, the present study was performed by following procedure: 10 adult male wistar rats weighing between 180-250g were used. They were divided into two groups (Each group contained 5 rats) randomly: Juglans regia L. leaf extract group and Juglans regia L. leaf extract and adrenaline group. Then each rat was anesthetized by IP injection of 1.2 g/kg urethane. After tracheostomy the femoral vine and artery were cannulated for drug injection and blood pressure recording respectively. Arterial cannula for recording arterial blood pressure connected to a pressure transducer (PowerLab, ADInstruments, Sydney, Australia). Blood pressure parameters were recorded before and after IV administration of hydroalcoholic extract of Juglans regia L. leaf, solvent, adrenalin and extract with adrenaline.
Results: The result showed a significant decrease of mean arterial pressure, systolic and diastolic pressure in response to extract with compare to control and sham group (P<0.05). Also a significant decrease of blood pressure showed in presence of walnut leaf extract and adrenaline with compare to sham group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that hydroalcoholic extract of Juglans regia L. leaf suggested as a hypotensive agent. It seems that this effect is probably due to inhibitory effect on adrenergic system.
Shiva Rafati , Hajie Borna , Fateme Hajebrahim Tehrani , Seid Mohammad Bager Akhavi Rad, Zahra Abdolla Poor,
Volume 74, Issue 2 (5-2016)
Abstract
Background: Surgery and pain increases cortisol levels with inducing hormonal responses. By reducing stress, adverse effects of cortisol can be controlled and accelerated the healing process. Religious practices like listening to Quran have important roles in reducing anxiety. Moreover, the level of cortisol hormone of the blood is one of the best indicators of the stress level. The aim of this study was to investigating the effect of listening to Quran on the plasma cortisol level of the umbilical cord in cesarean with spinal anesthesia.
Methods: A clinical trial study was designed and conducted on sixty primigravid mothers who were hospitalized to deliver their first baby by elective caesarian operation, 30 of them were selected as intervention group and 30 of them were selected as control group. For the subjects of the intervention group, the personal information questionnaires were completed and their vital signs were recorded. Also, their blood was sampled for measuring cortisol level. Then they listened to Quran. After spinal anesthesia, vital signs were recorded and the blood of umbilical cord was sampled for measuring the cortisol level. For the subjects of the control group, all the steps were done except listening to Quran. Two groups were statistically homogenous in the variables of age, gestational age, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate and cortisol levels before the intervention. The mean and SD cortisol in intervention group before and after listening to the Quran were 39.08±10.71 versus 41.10±5.05.
Results: The reduction of cortisol level of the intervention group (who listened to Quran) was significantly greater than of the control group P=0.035. Systolic blood pressure of the intervention group in the operating ward had statistically significant reduction relation to the systolic blood pressure before operation P=0.043. However systolic blood pressure of the control group in the operating ward had not statistically significant reduction relation to the systolic blood pressure before operation P=0.357. Listening to Quran has no effect on diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate.
Conclusion: Listening to Quran before caesarean affects the change of plasma cortisol level and the systolic blood pressure.
Ali Fakhr-Movahedi , Abbasali Ebrahimian , Majid Mirmohammadkhani , Saeedeh Ghasemi ,
Volume 74, Issue 2 (5-2016)
Abstract
Background: Coronary artery disease is considered as main factor for patients’ hospitalization. Chest pain is the most common symptoms of patients and its assessment is an important factor in coronary artery disease. So, this study aimed to determine the relationship between the severity of chest pain with physiological indexes in patients with coronary artery disease.
Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical design that performed on 80 patients with that were hospitalized in coronary care unit of Shahid Mofatteh Hospital in Varamin city, Iran, from March to September, 2014. In this study, the relationship between the chest pain severity and blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, O2 saturation and ST segment alterations were assessed. Finally, the gathered data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The mean of chest pain severity was 6.51±2.14 in patients. Patients’ age was between 26 to 85 years old and the mean of age was 60.79±13.79 and there was no significant correlation between age and chest pain severity (P=0.985). Also male and female patients were equal. There was no significant difference between chest pain severity of men and women (P=0.471). The findings of study showed no correlation between chest pain severity and heart rate (r=-0.174 and P=0.122), respiratory rate (r=-0.013 and P=0.909), O2 saturation (r=0.051 and P=0.651), ST segment alterations (r=0.07 and P=0.539). Also, there was no significant difference between chest pain severity and systolic pressure (P=0.353), diastolic blood pressure (P=0.312) and body mass index (P=0.256) among patients.
Conclusion: In this study, there were not enough evidences for relation between chest pain and physiological indexes in patients with coronary artery disease. So performing more studies in another settings and conditions recommended.
Bakhtyar Tartibian , Rogayee Afsar Garebag , Abbas Malandish , Zeinab Sheikhlou ,
Volume 74, Issue 8 (11-2016)
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The studies show that factors such as vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphorus are involved in the regulation of blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between blood pressure with vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus in sedentary postmenopausal women.
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Methods: This investigation is in the form of a descriptive correlational study that was performed in September 2015. The statistical population was all healthy and sedentary postmenopausal women 50-70 years old in Urmia city, Iran. Fifty-four sedentary postmenopausal women were selected as subjects and voluntarily and bona fide participated in this study. General and anthropometric characteristics of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) in subjects were measured by wall-meter with an accuracy of one millimeter, digital scale with precision of 100 g (Beurer, Germany), and dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (Hologic, USA) machines, respectively. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure was measured by indicator machine. Serum levels of vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus were measured by ELISA and Auto-analyzer (BT 1500, Biotecnica, Italy machines, respectively.
Results: The mean general, anthropometric, and physiological/laboratory variables of subjects were: age 54 yr, height 156 cm; weight 72 kg; BMI 29 kg/m2; systolic and diastolic blood pressure 76.20 and 110.70, respectively; vitamin D 25.22 ng/ml, parathyroid hormone 33.29 ng/ml, calcium 9.44 ng/ml, and phosphorus 3.26 ng/ml. Moreover, results showed that there was no significant relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and vitamin D (P>0.581 and P>0.619, respectively). There was no significant relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and parathyroid hormone (P>0.623 and P>0.341, respectively). There was no significant relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and calcium (P>0.704 and P>0.141, respectively). There was no significant relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and phosphorous (P>0.058 and P>0.357, respectively).
Conclusion: The results suggest that there is no relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure with serum levels of vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorous in sedentary postmenopausal women 50-70 years old.
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Masoud Mohammadi , Masoud Mirzaei ,
Volume 74, Issue 10 (1-2017)
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is one of the most important chronic illness worldwide and one the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Obesity and abdominal obesity are risk factors for high blood pressure. Population attributable fraction (PAF) answers the question of how much of the disease burden in a certain population may be reduced if a risk factor like obesity is removed from the population. It implies that reducing prevalence of obesity as a risk factor of hypertension, may reduce the burden of hypertension and its consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the population attributable fraction of hypertension associated with obesity, abdominal obesity and joint effect of them in the men of Mazandaran Province, North of Iran.
Methods: In this epidemiological study, the data of non-communicable disease surveillance system in 2009 has been achieved. Then measure of association between obesity and hypertension (Odds Ratio) was extracted from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). After standardizing the data, the population attributable risk for men based on the above formula (Levin's attributable fraction formula) has been calculated.
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Results: In our study based on population attributable fraction, results in blood pressure caused by obesity were 14.5 (CI 95%: 10.7-17.2), the effect of abdominal obesity was 7.4 (CI 95%: 2.04-11.3) and deductions attributable joint effect both obesity and abdominal obesity was 22.6 (CI 95%: 9.7-25.6) respectively.
Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of hypertension and obesity in Mazandaran men and the impact of obesity on blood pressure is necessary to prevent the spread of the disease. It is recommended that health promotion programs focus on men with high blood pressure due to obesity could be performed.
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Karolin Abashzadeh , Fereydoun Siassi , Mostafa Qorbani , Fariba Koohdani , Negin Farasati , Gity Sotoudeh ,
Volume 74, Issue 12 (3-2017)
Abstract
Background: Nurses are prone to continuous stress due to their job situation that lead to many physical and psychological disorders. this job stress also affects their personal life and career. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between major dietary patterns and anthropometry in nurses.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from February to October 2014. In this cross-sectional study, 320 female nurses were selected randomly from eight hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2014. This research project carried out with the code 24371 Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Research Ethics Committee approved. Anthropometry and blood pressure measurement was done. Data on physical activity were obtained using the short version of international physical activity questionnaire.
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Results: Three dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis and labeled: healthy, unhealthy and traditional. The healthy dietary pattern score was significantly related to weight and body mass index (BMI) of participants after adjusting for confounders (P=0.05, P=0.01, respectively). There was not significant association between the unhealthy dietary pattern and anthropometry measures. The unhealthy dietary pattern score was inversely related to systolic and diastolic blood pressure after adjusting for confounders (P=0.001, P=0.03, respectively). There was not any significant association between the traditional dietary pattern and anthropometry and blood pressure measures (P>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the result of this study, three dietary patterns including, healthy, unhealthy and traditional were identified in nurses. The healthy dietary pattern was associated with weight and BMI and the unhealthy dietary pattern was inversely associated with blood pressure. The traditional dietary pattern had no effect on anthropometry and blood pressure measures.
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Sajad Rezvan, Mohammad Aghaali, Behnam Fallah Bafekr Lialestani, Leili Iranirad, Fariba Pirsarabi,
Volume 75, Issue 10 (1-2018)
Abstract
Background: Blood pressure decreases during sleep and is markedly increased in the morning in healthy individuals. Lack of nocturnal blood pressure fall (non-dipping) has been associated with cardiovascular morbidity, mortality and other organ damage. However, their importance in chronic renal failure is unclear. This study aimed to investigate relationship between circadian rhythm of blood pressure and renal failure severity in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Methods: This cross-section study was done in April 2016. The study population was 95 patients, more than 30 year old with hypertension and chronic renal failure. Patients were selected from clinics of two private and university hospitals affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti Hospital and Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Iran. Checklist containing data such as age, sex, duration of renal failure and cause of renal failure were filled. Serum creatinine and serum urea levels were measured and entered in the checklist. The circadian rhythm of blood pressure in all patients was assessed by Holter monitoring. patients who had less than 10% decrease in blood pressure overnight were considered non-dipper and those who had 10% or more decrease in blood pressure overnight were considered dipper.
Results: Average (SD) 24-hour ambulatory systolic and diastolic of blood pressure was 136.56 (16.66) and 84.84 (10.86) mmHg, respectively. 70 patients (73.7%) had non-dipper blood pressure pattern and 25 patients (26.3%) had dipper blood pressure pattern. There was no significant difference between two groups (dipper and non-dipper) based on distribution of gender (P=0.744), age (P=0.407), serum creatinine (P=0.569), serum urea (P=0.689) and renal failure duration (P=0.812). Mean of glomerular filtration rate in dipper group was 68.64±4.13 and in non-dipper group was 65.09±16.27 (P=0.337).
Conclusion: The results of this study did not show a significant relationship between circadian rhythm of blood pressure and renal failure severity. In addition, patients with chronic renal failure showed higher rates of non-dipping pattern of blood pressure.
Mehdi Nikseresht , Mahmoud Nikseresht , Valiolla Dabidy-Roshan ,
Volume 75, Issue 12 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of human mortality worldwide. Myocardial ischemia is a type of cardiovascular disease that increases with age spread. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare non-invasive myocardial ischemia in patients with heart problems in different age groups.
Methods: This study is a causal-comparative study was conducted from July to October 2016 in the University of Mazandaran. One hundred and seventy-five (age=45-59 years) and 124 (age=60-77 years) men with heart problem participated in this study. The questionnaires of Rose angina pectoris (for assessing the risk of ischemic myocardium), lifestyle and physical activity level were completed by the participants. In addition, the anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) of the participants were measured.
Results: The risk of myocardial ischemia in men aged 60-77 years was significantly higher than men aged 45-59 years (P=0.049). Men aged 60-77 years were significantly lower in good indices (physical activity level, VO2peak and more lifestyle indices) and higher in bad indicators (waist/hip ratio, body shape index, ankle systolic blood pressure, brachial systolic and diastolic blood pressure) than men aged 45-59 years (P<0.031, for all variables). Also, there was no significant difference in the risk of ischemia between groups, when they were similar in physical activity level.
Conclusion: It seems that the higher risk of myocardial ischemia in men aged 60-77 years, as compared to men aged 45-59 years, might be related to aging process and imbalance in the risk factors. Promoting physical activity can favorably affect the risk of myocardial ischemia in the middle-aged or elderly men. It is concluded that physical activity effectively decreased the risk of myocardial ischemia.
