Showing 5 results for Radiography
Reza Pourrashidi, Shervin Sharifkashani , Hashem Sharifian, Habib Mazaher , Peyman Salamati , Batool Ghorbani Yekta ,
Volume 71, Issue 4 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background: Detection of retained foreign bodies remains a significant problem in the emergency department. Foreign bodies can go undetected causing infectious complications ultrasonography is too inaccessible and expensive. The purpose of this study is comparison of ultrasonography with radiography for the detection of cervical esophageal foreign bodies
Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 58 patients referred with suspected upper esophageal foreign body in the Emergency Department, Amir Alam. Patients were evaluated with ultrasonography and x-ray. After surgical exploration, different type of foreign bodies were recorded. The SPSS statistical software was used for analysis. For applicable efficacy outcome measures, a Spearman correlation was used. Differences were significant when P<0.05. All values were expressed as the frequency and present.
Results: Fifty eight patients were studied. 25 patients (43.4%) were male and 31 patients (56.9%) were female, in 28 (48.2%) patients foreign bodies were detected in radiography. 30 patients (51.8%) were not recorded in techniqe. It was found in patients 22 (78.6%) organic body, and six cases (21.4%) non-organic body. radiographic outcomes in patients with foreign bodies were positive in 26 patients (92.9%) and in two patients (7.1%) were negative. Ultrasound results were positive in 27 patients (96.4%) and in one patient (3.6%) were negative. Association of ultrasound and radiography results were significant in patients with foreign body (Spearman correlation=0.896, P=0.001 Kappa=0.890).
Conclusion: These reports suggest that result of ultrasound with radiography for the detection foreign bodies in cervical esophagus have good agreement. The use of ultrasonography in the emergency department to detect and eventually remove foreign bodies by emergency physicians is an important issue because there is not always an ultrasound technologist or radiologist available.
Shamsa Shariatpanahi , Soheila Khodakarim , Fateme Abolpour Mofrad,
Volume 72, Issue 9 (12-2014)
Abstract
Background: Chronic spinal cord injury has an important role in sensorimotor disor-ders which is associated with many complications and the rate of these complications should be certainly considered. The most important complications are the changes in bones and joints which come with pain and lead to increase in their motor disability. In this paper, the radiographic images were studied and the ossifications of spinal cord and pelvis were described and also the type of changes and their prevalence was eval-uated.
Methods: In this study, 500 patients and veterans with spinal cord injuries who were hospitalized in Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital were examined. The spinal and pelvis x-ray of the patients have been studied for spinal cord ossification, the hip joint narrowing, sacroiliitis, heterotopic ossification, osteophyte and the presence of quiver in the graph.
Results: Among the patients, 485 cases were males and 15 cases were females, the av-erage age was 50.26 and the mean duration of injury was 26 years. Four hundred and forty six patients were paraplegic and 54 cases were quadriplegic. There was a signifi-cant relationship between age and the number of involved vertebrae (P= 0.000), psori-asis like ossifications (P= 0.048) and large osteophytes (P= 0.037), also between the du-ration of the injury and the hip joint narrowing (P= 0.008), the number of involved ver-tebrae (P= 0.008). In addition the presence of shrapnel in the graph is correlated with large osteophytes and more heterotopic ossification.
Conclusion: The most frequent cause of chronic spinal injuries of our patients has been the injury by quiver, it seems our results may not be extended to all patients with spinal cord injury. In lumbar spine radiography of the patients, osteophytes, the quiver and psoriasis like ossifications were mostly seen. In the pelvis x-rays the most changes were hip joint narrowing, sacroiliitis and the heterotopic ossification.
Vahid Karami , Mansour Zabihzadeh ,
Volume 74, Issue 7 (10-2016)
Abstract
Discovery of x-ray and using of it for medical imaging have produced tremendous outcomes for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. More than 10 million diagnostic radiological procedures and 100,000 nuclear medicine exams are being performed daily around the world. According to the national commission on radiological protection and measurements (NCRP)-report 160, medical x-ray is contribute to approximately 95% of all radiological examinations that is responsible for 74% of the collective dose to the US population. Despite of unique benefits of ionizing radiations, in the field of radiation protection, they are associated with potential risks such as cancer and genetically abnormalities. The cancer risk attributable to diagnostic radiology is estimated about 0.6% to 3%. It is estimated that the radiation dose from diagnostic x-ray procedures are annually responsible for 7,587 and 5,695 cases of radiation induced cancer in the population of Japan and US, respectively. Although the radiation dose associated with most radiological procedures are very low, but rapid increasing use of radiography procedures during two past decades have been concerned due to the cancer risk associated with ionizing radiations. On the base of linear no-threshold (LNT) model of dose-response curve, any level of exposure is dangerous. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the main target of ionizing radiation. For radiological exposure with low dose, the stochastic effects such as genetic damages and leukemia are concerned. According to the recommendations of the radiation protection regulatory organizations, radiological procedure must be done with respect to social and economic factors in which exposure of patient and population kept as low as reasonable and achievable. Hence, prescription of a radiological test is acceptable only when its advantages are higher than its damages. Optimizing the different parameters such as: collimating the primary beam field to the area of diagnostic interest, exposure conditions (high kVp and low mAs), projections, exposure time and shielding can reduce the patients' exposure besides the saving of image quality. Following the radiation protection guidelines can considerably decrease the exposure risks.
Vahid Karami , Mansour Zabihzadeh , Nasim Shams , Mehrdad Gholami ,
Volume 75, Issue 2 (5-2017)
Abstract
Background: Anode heel effect refers to reduction of radiation intensity in the anode side of X-ray tube. This variation in radiation intensity across the anode-cathode of X-ray tube can be benefited for decrease radiation exposure in some radiological examinations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of anode heel orientation on the radiation dose received by the testes in male patients undergoing pelvic radiography.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted at one of the teaching hospitals of Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Science Ahvaz, Iran, from September 2015 to March 2016. In order to measure the profile of radiation intensity variation, 13 paired sets of high radiosensitive cylindrical lithium fluoride thermo-luminescent dosimeters (TLD) aligned on the cathode-anode central axis upon the table and then irradiated using routine exposure parameters. The anode of X-ray tube was positioned toward the feet for 40 patients and toward the head for 39 patients undergoing pelvic radiography. For measure the entrance skin dose (ESD), 8 TLD chips were located on the central point of the radiation field and 5 TLDs were located on the testes position to measure the dose received.
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Results: Radiation intensity profile showed that radiation intensity decrease from the cathode to the anode side. Discrepancy of radiation intensity on central axis of cathode-anode was calculated about 35%. The radiation dose received by the testes was 26.74% lower for patients the anode directed toward the feet, compared to the patients in which the anode directed toward the head (FTC: 1.260±0.296 mGy, FTA: 0.923±0.167 mGy, P<0.05). There was no meaningful difference for the measured ESD of pelvis between two groups of patients (FTC: 1.256±0.315 mGy, FTA: 1.195±0.205 mGy, P=0.788).
Conclusion: In pelvic radiography, positioning of testes directed to the anode of X-ray tube can decrease the receive dose.
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Mohsen Shoja, Mohadese Soleimani, Maryam Ameriyan , Niloufar Asbaghipour , Peyman Hejazi Hejazi ,
Volume 77, Issue 2 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background: Today, with the increasing use of ionizing radiation like X-rays in diagnosis and treatment of diseases, the risk of fetal exposure in pregnant women also increases. Therefore, protecting pregnant women from ionizing radiation is essential and is considered as the standard criterion for Medical Radiation Center. So the aim of this study was to investigate the observance of protective principles and 10-day rule in imaging of susceptible women.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Radiography Centers of Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from July 2017 to September 2017. First, patients who were under radiography, were asked about the knowledge of the radiographers about the 10-day rule and radiation protection. Then a questionnaire with 12 questions was given to the radiographers in radiology and CT scan center. Finally, the existence of protection guidelines for pregnant women was determined by asking manager and checking at the moment.
Results: The patient's question about pregnancy failed about 19%, which did not have a significant relationship with patients' singleness (P=0.0004). Also the mean scores for the knowledge of radiographers about radiation protection were 14.21±0.96, which did not have a significant relationship with their work record and place of employment and their educational level (P=0.09). On the other hand, in half of the radiography centers, the written radiation protection guidelines were not available.
Conclusion: Principles of radiation protection and 10-day rule for radiography of women who were prone to pregnancy were desirable but due to importance of radiation protection, the rules should be more carefully implemented.
