Showing 7 results for Rectal Neoplasms
Amir Keshvari , Mohammad Sadegh Fazeli , Alireza Kazemeini , Alipasha Meysamie , Mohammad Kazem Nouri Taromlou,
Volume 71, Issue 10 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background: Colorectal carcinoma is considering as a curable disease. Treatment of recurrent cases is hard and sometimes impossible. Evaluation of the rate and affecting factors of recurrence in each hospital would help to decreasing recurrent cases. The aim of this study is evaluation of the rate, clinical and pathologic features, and outcome of recurrent colorectal carcinoma in a referral teaching hospital in Tehran.
Methods: Clinical data of 166 curative resections of colorectal carcinoma who were operated between Mehr 1384 and Mehr 1388 (between 23 September 2005 and 23 September 2009) in Imam Khomeini Hospital and were accessible for follow up was collected. Follow up data was collected prospectively up to Farvardin 1391 (19 April 2012). Forty nine recurrences were happened in this period. We compared recurrent and non-recurrent cases for different variables
Results: Average age of the patients was 53.5 years, and 47% of them were female. The median time to the diagnosis of recurrent disease was 12 months (range 1 months to 54 months). There were no significant differences between recurrent and non-recurrent patients about age, sex, sub-site of the tumor and sub-type of primary operation. Rate of overall recurrence, local recurrence and distant metastasis were 29.5%, 15.7% and 12.1% respectively.
Local recurrence rate was higher in colon cancer (16.44% vs. 15.05%) but distant metastasis rate was higher in rectal cancer (12.9% vs. 10/96%). Rate of curative re-resection was about 25%. Overall survival of the recurrent patients who underwent surgery was better than who underwent chemo or radiotherapy (66.7% vs. 56.8%). Median survival time of recurrent patients after primary surgery was 28 months, and after diagnosis was 12 months (9.28- 14.72,95% CI).
Conclusion: In this study the rate of overall recurrence was 29.5%. Local recurrence rate was higher in colon cancer (16.44% vs. 15.05%) but distant metastasis rate was higher in rectal cancer (12.9% vs. 10/96%).
Farideh Hosseini, Mohammad Reza Sam , Nasrollah Jabbari ,
Volume 72, Issue 3 (6-2014)
Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy has been used to treat many types of cancers over the past years. Radiotherapy generates side effects on normal tissues. Radiosensitizer products provide decrease in tumor proliferation and reduce radiation dose in radiotherapy. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) as an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid has anti-proliferative effects on malignant cells. In this study, the effects of DHA accompanied by ionizing radiation on growth rate and survival fraction of HT29 colorectal cancer cells were evaluated.
Methods: The present study was performed at the Institute of Biotechnology, affiliated to Urmia University, Urmia, Iran in the year 2013. In this laboratory experiment, ma-lignant cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. HT-29 cells were cultured at 5105 cells/well into 6-well culture plates for overnight. Thereafter, the cells were pretreated with either 50 or 100 µM DHA for 4 hours and malignant cells were irradiated with either dose of 2 or 10 Gy. Cell viability was evalu-ated by trypan blue staining after 48 hours. Moreover, malignant cells were pretreated with either 50 or 100 µM DHA for 48 hours and irradiated with dose of 2 to 10 Gy. Thereafter, survival rate was evaluated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay after 6 days.
Results: Cell viabilities were found to be 59.8% and 17.5% for 50 µM DHA in combi-nation with doses of 2 and 10 Gy respectively. Using 100 µM DHA diminished cell vi-ability up to 47% and 13.9% following doses of 2 and 10 Gy respectively. Treatment of cells with DHA accompanied by increasing doses of γ-rays significantly diminished survival rate. In treated cells with 50 and 100 µM DHA, survival rate were measured to be 79.1%, 57.6%, 42.8%, 40.5%, 34% and 55.8%, 43.7%, 33.6%, 27.9%, 23.5% for doses of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 Gy respectively.
Conclusion: Our study indicates that DHA decreases colorectal cancer cells prolifera-tion and could provide a new radiosensitizer drug to enhance the efficacy of colorectal cancer radiotherapy.
Niusha Samadaian , Mohammad Hossein Modaresi , Maryam Mobasheri , Reza Ebrahim Zadeh Vesal , Seyed Mohammad Akrami ,
Volume 72, Issue 5 (8-2014)
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world. Non-coding RNA especially miRNAs have important regulatory roles in cancer. miRNAs are small non coding RNA 21-23 nucleotides long which have different levels of expression between tumors and normal tissues. This study was designed to compare expression level of miRNA-21 between Iranian population colorectal cancer tissues and normal tissue.
Methods: This case-control study has performed in medical genetics department of Tehran University of Medical Sciences from January to November 2013. We used 35 samples. The samples were isolated from tumor and adjacent normal tissues of colon. Thirty-five samples were divided into different groups according to cliniopathologic features including tumor size (>4 and <4 cm), metastasis (+ and -) and stage. After small RNA extraction from tissues by small RNA purification kit the quality and quan-tity of extracted RNA was determined using spectrophotometry. cDNAs were synthe-sized and real-time polymerase chain reaction carried out. Finally expression levels were statistically analyzed by LinRegPCR and REST software.
Results: miRNA-21 expression ratio in stages I, II and III were 1/804 and 4/574, re-spectively, the increase from stage III was statistically significant (P= 0.037). The ex-pression were also studied according to different clinicopathologic status of colon can-cer, tumor size (>4 and <4 cm) and metastatic (+ and -), miRNA-21 over expressed in both groups, however the increase was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: In this study, we found miR-21 over-expression in advanced stage in tu-moral tissue comparing with normal adjacent tissue. This means perhaps in the future it would be possible to use miRNA-21 as an informative prognostic biomarker to guide for better treatment strategies for colorectal cancer patients. Our findings also indicate that miRNA-21 is a promising new molecular target for designing novel therapeutic strategies to control colorectal cancer.
Sanaz Rismanchi , Pejman Mortazavi , Saeid Amanpour,
Volume 72, Issue 7 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, and its treatments include surgery, chemo-radiotherapy. Despite improvements in clinical outcomes of patients with this tumor over the past decades, prognosis remains poor with a 5-year survival rate of <10%. Angiogenesis inhibitor agents have been recently added to the treatment regimen of this disease. In the past two decades, it has been recognized that selective inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase -2 (Cox-2) enzyme result in the regression in the size of colorectal tumor, and one of its reasons is attributed to angiogenesis inhibition. The present study aimed at identifying the molecular pathways of angiogenesis inhibition by celecoxib.
Methods: HCT-116, which is one of the cell lines of Colorectal cancer (separated from human colorectal adenocarcinoma) was provided by the National Cell bank of Iran (NCBI) affiliated to Pasteur Institute. It was then cultured in DMEM (high glucose) culture medium containing 10% FBS, and then treated in the active substance of celecoxib at pharmacological concentrations of 50 mM (C50) and 100 mM (C100). Afterwards, RNA was extracted and cDNA was prepared. The oligonucleotide of HIF-1 Alpha gene (angiogenesis initiator) was prepared and the level of HIF-1 alpha gene expression was assessed with a real-time PCR device in three control, C50 and C100 groups.
Results: HIF-1 alpha gene expression significantly decreased in the celecoxib treatment group (compared with control group) with the concentration of C100 (P< 0.001), but no change was observed in the concentration of C50.
Conclusion: Angiogenesis is a key factor in the carcinogenesis process and FDA today approved bevacizumab as a first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The results of this study showed one of the causes of angiogenesis reduction in celecoxib-treated colorectal cancer. According to clinical findings and basic studies, celecoxib will be hopefully used as a first-line therapy along with chemotherapy in the near future in colorectal cancer. The advantages of this treatment method include its low cost and low side effects.
Hossein Faramarzi , Elham Moslemi , Amir Izadi ,
Volume 73, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Background: The molecular studies indicate some of the genes in the promoter region itself, will undergo methylation. Methylation of CpG islands in the promoter region of that cause silence or reduced expression of genes involved in cell growth pathways, which are colorectal cancer causing agents. Detection of methylation status can be used as a marker for cancer diagnosis and prediction of disease. CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene encodes a protein, which inhibit CDK 4/6 and loss of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation (pRb) is involved. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular hypermethylation in exon 1 of CDKN2A gene in patients with colorectal cancer and normal subjects. Methods: In this case-control study, the study population consisted of 20 patients with colorectal cancer and 10 healthy persons. Samples in paraffin blocks were prepared in pathology department of Mehr Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from December 2010 to June 2012. Then, specific primers were designed for the methylation and Non-methylation of CDKN2A gene. To determine the level of exon 1 methylation of CDKN2A gene, methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) method was performed. Results: In this study, hypermethylation in exon 1 of CDKN2A gene were observed in 80% of tumor tissues (16 cases) and 20% of normal tissues (2 cases). The patients aged older than 50 years, had a higher CDKN2A gene methylation and frequency than patients younger than 50 years old (66% vs 34%) (P<0/001). Conclusion: The result of this study has been confirmed the role of CDKN2A gene promoter methylation of CpG sites of colorectal cancer as the leading cause of colorectal cancer. These data suggest that epigenetic silencing via aberrant methylation of the CDKN2A promoter plays a critical role in the inactivation of this tumor suppressor gene in colorectal cancer and can be used as a marker for early detection and identification of potential applications.
Afsaneh Alikhasi , Monir Sadat Mirai Ashtiani , Farshid Farhan , Mehdi Aghili , Mohammad Sadegh Fazeli , Mohammad Babaei, Afsaneh Maddah-Safai, Peiman Haddad,
Volume 73, Issue 10 (1-2016)
Abstract
Background: This study investigated compatibility between post chemoradiation magnetic resonance images and histologic findings after operation and chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
Methods: In this prospective study, 63 patients referred to Cancer Institute of Emam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from October 2011 to October 2013 with locally advanced rectal cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation (50.4 Gy external beam radiation with concomitant capecitabine 825 mg/m2 PO twice a day with or without 60 mg/m2 oxaliplatin weekly). Patients had an MRI before chemoradiation and MRI assessment were used to identify Tumor (T) and lymph node (N) staging by an experienced radiologist. Patients were recommended to repeat MRI after surgery but it was not obligatory. Findings of post chemoradiation MRI and histopathologic reports were compared. Downstaging was defined as at least one stage decrease in T or N in histopathologic report comparing to their first MRI, on condition of no sign of disease progression.
Results: 32 patients (50.79%) had T downstaging and 36 of them (57.14%) showed N downstaging: none had disease progression. In this study MRI had an accuracy of 55.5% for rectal tumor (T) restaging after chemoradiation comparing to pathology. MRI sensitivity for T restaging was 33.3% to 83.3%. There was a higher possibility to have errors in restaging of T1-2 stages. Specificity of MRI for T restaging was higher than its sensitivity, 66.6%. In this study lymph node involvement (N) was determined according to morphology and size. MRI has an accuracy of 42.8% for detecting lymph node involvement. Its sensitivity and specificity for N restaging were 50% and 66.6% respectively. All patients had MRI before chemoradiation, although 21 of them repeated MRI after chemoradiation since it was not mandatory. 19 of these 21 patients underwent surgery.
Conclusion: Although MRI is a suitable imaging for staging locally advanced rectal cancer its use for restaging after chemoradiation is under question. According to this study, MRI accuracy rates for both T and N restaging were below the rates of previous studies.
Sama Rezasoltani , Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei , Hossein Dabiri , Abbas Akhavan Sepahi , Mohammad Hossein Modarressi , Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad ,
Volume 78, Issue 3 (6-2020)
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in the world which is mainly caused by epigenetic and environmental factors. Among these epigenetic factors, gut microbiota is an important one. Although it has not been proved a unique group of bacteria correlated with colorectal cancer, these findings have generally demonstrated differences between healthy and disease gut microbiome in population. Actually, the identification and investigation of intestinal microbiota in early detection of colorectal cancer have been highlighted in new researches and studies. Herein, in the current study, we aimed to evaluate the number of selected gut bacteria including Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli and Prevotella in the fecal specimens of adenomatous polyposis patients, colorectal cancerous cases in compared to normal participants in terms of estimating important role of gut microbiota during colorectal cancer initiation and progression.
Methods: The current research was a case-control study. Fecal samples were provided from 31 healthy individuals, 42 adenomatous polyposis patients and 20 colorectal cancer cases that were referred to Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from August 2016 to August 2017 for colorectal cancer screening tests. Fecal samples were collected to analyze intestinal bacteria including, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, and Prevotella by absolute quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The number of these gut bacteria was precisely determined by this method of real-time PCR.
Results: Higher number of Prevotella with 24.6 CT number (P<0.005) and E.coli with 20.4 CT number (P<0.015) were achieved in colorectal cancer cases and adenomatous polyposis patients in contrast to samples from normal individuals. On the contrary, the opposite range was observed for the quantification of Lactobacillus and greater numbers of bacteria (CT=28.6) were detected in normal, compared to the colorectal cancer cases and adenomatous polyposis (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The gut microbiota composition of individuals with colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyposis differs from that of healthy individuals, and the higher numbers of pathogenic microbiota versus beneficial microbiota present in those with colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyposis. In contrast, healthy individuals have higher numbers of beneficial gut microbiota than pathogenic microbes. These findings need more experimental analysis and investigation to better clarify.
