Showing 60 results for Risk
Sm Razavi , H Zare , H Esfandy ,
Volume 57, Issue 1 (4-1999)
Abstract
Some factors such as: aging, obesity, hypoactivity, stress, urbanization, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, multiple pregnancies, smoking and so forth, are important factors that are always argued whether in disease production or in increasing morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. In a descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study, we looked for some important risk factors in 780 diabetic patients in Yazd city. The main objective in this study was to identifying the at risk cases. In this study, 54% of understudied patients were obese, 52.3% hypoactive, 80.7% urbanized, 21.5% smokers and approximately 11% were continiously or occasional alcohol users. 85% of all patients had no habit to sport, and the mean of their last fast blood sugar was significantly upper than those who had continiously physical exercises (P=0.01). Majority of understudied women (65.3%) had experienced 6 or more pregnancies during their life, and the last mean blood sugar in these patients was significantly upper than those with <6 pregnancies (P=0.0004). The age of majority of patients in either males or females was 50-70 years, and duration of disease in majority of them was <10 years. Increasing of the last mean blood sugar was significantly compatible with increasing of disease duration (P=0.00003). Regardless the type of diabetes, the disease in every generation was more frequent in female gender and totally, the mean of last fast blood sugar in the patients was 216 mg/dl which is not a controlled sugar. We have suggested the mean of last fast blood sugar in all of the referal cases as a performance indicator during evaluation of center of diabetic patients control
Farnaghi F, Raziei M, Farivar Sadri M,
Volume 59, Issue 1 (4-2001)
Abstract
Superficial mycosis of the skin is one of the most prevalent human infections. Within these infections, tinea pedis and tinea cruris have been studied. Different aetiologic causes play role in these infections which the most important of them are Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton Mentagrophyte and Epidermophyton floccosum. Prevalence arrangement of these causes are defferent in societies. This study is a case series study which in the course of this period 42 affected patients 0 tinea pedis and 40 affected patients to tinea cruris have been studied. From patients with doubtfull clinical lesion, whom have reffered to Razi Hospital within the first six months of the year 77, smear and culture were provided and in the meanwhile for consideration of possible association of Dermatophytoses in these two location in cases of clinical doubt to tinea pedis among the affected patients to tinea cruris, smear and culture wase made and it wase observed that 40 of affected patients to tinea cruris, 4 patients simultaneously have tinea pedis (10%). In this study also, risk factors of tinea pedis and tinea cruris have been studied. Etiologic causes in tinea pedis in this study with respect to arrangment are: T.Ment, T.rubrum and then Epid.floccosum and the causes of thinea cruris with respect to arrangment are: Epid.floccosum, T.rubrum and then T.Ment. In this study foot and groin Etiologic factors have been considered, it was observed that the pattern of their etiologic causes in Iran with respect to other countries are different.
Najafi Mr, Tamizi Far B,
Volume 59, Issue 5 (9-2001)
Abstract
The use of Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in children may be associated with adverse effects especially behavioral and cognitive and teratogenic potential effects. The main propose of this study was to find an answer to the question of which factors in EEG of patients before AED withdrawal could have prognostic role in our decision. We studied 106 children whom their medication had been withdrawn 2 years after their last seizure. Before starting of this, an EEG was recorded and interpreted by an expert neurologist. Many variables such as background activity, focal spike, generalized sharp and spik waves, focal slowing, in comparison with the EEG of patient at the time of diagnosis, and also final result of the trace interpret also examined. Follow-up visits were scheduled every 3 months at least for one year. If seizure relapsed, AEDs was resumed and follow up terminated. The overall probability of remaining seizure free was analyzed as a function of time by Kaplan-Meier survical analysis. Prognostic factors affecting seizure relapse were evaluated by using the log-rank test. The overall probability of seizure recurrences was 24.8 percent (95 percent C.I, 22.5 to 28.5) at 12 months. EEG comparisons with previous times were a significant factor for prediction of relapses. Relative risk of this factor was about 1.98 (95 percent C.I, 1.01 to 3.91) (P<0.05). We found that EEG interpretation at the time of diagnosis was not a significant factor but if it divided by sex, there is a significant difference in gender (P=0.06). According to our study the rate of AED withdrawal in children is small. The benefits of continuing AED therapy must be weighted against the risk of potential adverse effects. EEG comparison with previous traces could be evaluated as a prognostic factor before AED withdrawal in children.
Sadr Bafghi S M, Rafie M, Modares Mosadegh M, Ahmadiah Mh, Zandikarimi F, Aghili K,
Volume 61, Issue 4 (7-2003)
Abstract
Unstable angina (UA) is situated in a spectrum with myocardial infarction (MI) at one end of it and stable angina at the other end. To determine the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of unstable angina this study was designed.
Materials and Methods: Two hundred patients with definite UA who were hospitalized at cardiac care units (CCU) in Yazd were enrolled in this cross- sectional study. Clinical and para-clinical characteristics including class of severity of angina, clinical circumstances, drugs, risk factors, changes in ECG, and patient's condition at the time of leaving hospital were evaluated.
Results& Conclusions: The average of age of patients was 61.85 years and 57% of them were female and 43% were male. The most prevalent risk factor among men was smoking (48.8%) and among women was hypertension (62.8%). According to Braunwald suggestion, patients were divided into 3 classes based on the severity of their diseases. Frequency distribution of patients in classes I,H and III were 24.5%, 4% and 71.5%, respectively. Normal ECG, was observed in 24.5% of subjects at the time of hospitalization and in 67% of patients when leaving hospitals. Frequency distribution based on the risk stratification was 22.5%, 58.5% and 19% in the low, medium and high risk groups, respectively. During hospitalization, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was seen in 3.5% of individuals that majority of them belonged to class III of angina.
E. Neamatipoor, A. Sabri, F. Dahi, F. Soltanipoor,
Volume 64, Issue 3 (5-2006)
Abstract
Background: coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most important causes of mortality around the world. The mortality rate in acute myocardial infarction is about 30%. CAD risk factors change with time and there are very few studies in this field in Iran. These changes may be due to bio-environmental conditions. In this study our objective was to track these changes during a ten years period.
Methods: This study was done in three general hospitals of Tehran University of medical sciences on patients with first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in years 1371 and 1381. Demographic and specific data were obtained from patient data sheets. Comparison of means was done by t-test and prevalence of risk factors by chi-square test.
Results: Two hundred fifty eight patients in 1371 and 289 patients in 1381 were admitted to three university hospitals due to acute myocardial infarction for the first time. The mean age of women with AMI decreased 4 years (P=0.022). No significant change was seen in other coronary risk factors. We also observed a significant increase in prevalence of myocardial infarction in women with three risk factors (P=0.01).
Conclusion: We found no significant change in the age of male patients and in the CAD risk factors in 1371 and 1381. Mean age of occurrence of AMI in female shows a four-year decrease during this period. More studies are needed to find reasons for this change.
A Rahimi, E. Mohammad Razzaghi ,
Volume 64, Issue 4 (7-2006)
Abstract
Background: Injection drug use (IDU) in Iran is not rare and is one of the main factors in opioid overdose. The objective of this study was the qualitative assessment of overdose, related factors, and available interventions.
Methods: A qualitative method was employed. Six districts of Tehran with a population of 400,000 inhabitants were selected. The districts were different in socioeconomic characteristics, urban structures and prevalence of IDU and crime. A total of 81 key informants from different sectors and 154 injection drug users (IDUs) were selected by purposeful, opportunistic and snowball sampling, and interviewed individually or in groups. Ethnographic observations were done for studying the life situation of IDUs.
Results: In one district no cases of IDU were found. In other districts, overdose in IDUs was reported to be common. Heroin injection alone or in combination with other drugs was the main reported cause of overdose. Reportedly, wrong estimation of drug purity was the most important reason. Even in the districts with highest rate of IDU and overdose, most clinics and hospitals did not have enough facilities necessary for management of acute opioid overdose.
Conclusion: According to the high prevalence of overdose, provision of preventive education of drug users and their relatives and availability and accessibility of emergency services is highly recommended.
Khorasani B, Gholizadeyeh Pasha A,
Volume 64, Issue 8 (8-2006)
Abstract
Background: The early diagnosis of acute appendicitis before progression to gangrene or abscess formation is recognized as important to minimize morbidity from this common disease process. The aim of this study was to assess the value of different risk factors in the diagnosis of perforation.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic and retrospective study was conducted to investigate epidemiological characteristics in patients with perforated and non-perforated appendicitis. A series of 1311 patients who were operated on for acute appendicitis between years 1380-1382 in Shahid Beheshti and Yahya-nejad hospitals were reviewed.. Data gathered included age at operation, gender, care sought prior to admission for appendectomy including antibiotic and analgesic therapy, time of presentation in the year, duration of symptoms, signs and symptoms at the time of admission, and the patient’s living area.
Results: One hundred twenty one of 1311 patients (9%) had perforated appendicitis and 1190 patients (91%) had unperforated appendicitis. Presentation and referral in the first 6-month was associated with higher perforation rate. Patients from rural area showed a higher rate of perforations. The perforation rate was significantly higher in elderly patients (>65 year). When the duration of symptoms was more than 12 hours at presentation, the risk of perforation showed a five-fold increase. 30.7% of perforated cases had used antibiotic or sedative before referring to the hospital.
Conclusion: Appendiceal perforation continues to be a complication in patients with acute appendicitis and increased in the frequency as the age of the patients increase and the duration of symptoms lengthen. We also found that the perforation rate is higher in patients from rural area and in whom present in the first 6-month of the year, a finding that was not reported so far.
Salarifar M, Kazemeini S.m, Haji Zeinali A.m,
Volume 65, Issue 1 (3-2008)
Abstract
Background: Premature coronary artery disease (CAD) has a familial predisposition and
occurrence. We determined the prevalence of CAD and related risk factors in individuals
with a history of premature CAD in their first-degree relatives.
Methods: This study included 700 healthy individuals with a history of premature CAD
in their parents or siblings in Tehran Heart Center in 2003-2004. History of smoking,
diabetes mellitus (DM) or hypertension was taken. Fasting levels of blood sugar (FBS),
triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, LDL and HDL were measured. Noninvasive studies for
CAD were performed with resting echocardiography (ECG) and ECG with exercise
tolerance test (ETT). Patients with positive findings for ischemia in these tests underwent
a myocardial perfusion scan and if positive proceeded to coronary angiography.
Results: The mean age of our subjects was 35.2 (15-65) years. DM was found in 5.3%,
smoking in 14.7%, hypertension in 20.6%, cholesterol above 200 mg/dl in 39.9%, TG
above 150 mg/dl in 58.6%, LDL above 130 mg/dl in 38% and HDL below 40 mg/dl in
32.6%. In addition, 6.4% had ECG changes and 3% echocardiographic abnormalities in
favor of ischemia. ETT was positive in 7.3% and myocardial perfusion scan in 2.1%.
Coronary angiography showed 50-70% stenosis in eight patients (1.1%) and >70% in
four patients (0.6%).
Conclusion: High cholesterol, TG and LDL and low HDL were found among our
subjects. Risk factor determination in these individuals may prove to be beneficial.
Noninvasive tests for CAD yield low true-positive results and are not recommended in
the population as a whole. In certain subgroups, including those with persons older than
40 years and diabetic patients, these tests may be useful.
Ghanbari Z, Emamzdeh A, Bagheri M,
Volume 66, Issue 6 (9-2008)
Abstract
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Background: Macrosomia is a term applied to newborns with a birth weight of >4000g.
This condition leads to several maternal and fetal complications including
maternal traumas as well as newborn injury. This study was designed to evaluate
the risk factors of macrosomia among Iranian women.
Methods: This cross-sectional study performed between July 2001
and July 2002, included 2000
term deliveries involving newborns with birth weights of >2500g.
The records of 77 mothers of live born
infants weighing >4000g
were compared to those of the control group (231
women). Stillborn and neonates who were <2500g
were excluded from the study.
Results: Among the 2000 deliveries performed
in Imam Hospital, 77(3.8%)
of the newborns weighed >4000g and 12(0.6%)
weighed >4500g. The mean age of the
mothers, maternal BMI, history of diabetes
mellitus, multiparity, fetal sex and underling maternal disease were found to
be associated with increase risk of fetal macrosomia. There was no significant
relationship between prolonged gestation, weight gain more than 16kg
during pregnancy and past history of macrosomic delivery and macrosomia.
Conclusions: It is possible to prevent macrosomia by weight and diabetes control before the decision
to become pregnant. To prevent pregnancy among multipara mothers aged >35
years old, highly protective contraceptive methods should be used. Furthermore,
if a mother is diagnosed with a macrosomic fetus by sonography or other imaging
methods, more care should be taken during the delivery to decrease the risk of
fetal injury, such as asphyxia and brachial plexus palsy.
Dahaghin S, Tehrani-Banihashemi Sa, Frouzanfar Mh, Barghamdi M, Norollahzadeh E, Gholami J, Faezi St, Davatchi F,
Volume 66, Issue 10 (1-2009)
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the association between age, sex, BMI, waist/hip ratio, smoking, religion, ethnicity, education and knee osteoarthritis.
Methods: Eligible subjects were randomly included from participants of Tehran COPCORD study, of whom 480 subjects with knee osteoarthritis were compared to 490 subjects without (case-control study). Using a questionnaire developed by COPCORD group (Asia & Oceania), we enquired about the risk factors of knee osteoarthritis i.e. age, sex, BMI, Waist/Hip ratio, religion, ethnicity, education and smoking. Knee osteoarthritis was defined using ACR criteria. Each knee was unit of analysis using GEE technique to evaluate these associations.
Results: Age (OR 1.096 CI95%: 1.091-1.1 P: 0.00) and sex (OR 2.85 CI95%: 2.49-3.28 P: 0.00) showed significant association with knee osteoarthritis. Overweight (OR 1.81 CI95%: 1.28-2.55 P: 0.00) and obesity (OR 3.3 CI95%: 2.34-4.66 P: 0.00) both showed higher risk for knee osteoarthritis. The association between waist/hip ratio and knee osteoarthritis showed an OR of 5.28, CI95%: 0.89-31.44 P: 0.07. However, this association was only borderline significant. People with different religion or ethnicity and smokers had no extra risks for knee osteoarthritis. Higher education is a protective factor for knee osteoarthritis as people who had university education compared to people with no/primary education showed a lower risk for knee osteoarthritis (OR 0.54 CI95%: 0.38-0.78 P: 0.00).
Conclusions: Our study confirmed that elderly, females, overweight and obese people are at higher risk to develop knee osteoarthritis as found in western societies. Higher education is a protective factor against knee osteoarthritis. Ethnicity, religion and smoking showed no extra risk of knee osteoarthritis.
Garshasbi A, Faghihzadeh S, Falah N, Khosniat M, Torkestani F, Ghavam M, Abasian M,
Volume 67, Issue 4 (7-2009)
Abstract
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Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is diagnosed as carbohydrate in tolerance demonstrated
for the first time in the course of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate
the selective screening method for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
based on: 1- recommendation of
the fourth workshop- conference on GDM 2-
evaluation of risk factors
Methods: A case-
control study was performed on 370 pregnancies inflicted
by GDM in Hazrat
Zaynab
Hospital,
Shahed
University.
The maternal and perinatal outcomes and prevalence of risk factors based on recommendation
of the fourth workshop- conference on GDM
in these women with GDM were compared with the
same data and risk factors of randomly selected 600
pregnant women at the same time and in the same hospital, they all underwent
universal testing for GDM, and their OGTT
were normal.
Results: The prevalence of all risk factors was significantly higher in the group with GDM,
but 45 of these women (12%)
had no risk factors. 107 women (29%)
with GDM were at low risk and would remain undiagnosed
if selective screening method was used. The
main neonatal complications in the low- risk group did not differ from the
complications in other women with GDM.
Conclusions: The
universal screening of all pregnant women seems to justified whereas the
recommendations for not screening low- risk group are doubtful and require further
examination.
Farin Soleimani , Hossein Sourtiji ,
Volume 67, Issue 6 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of nonprogressive motor impairment syndromes with potentially different risk factors and causal pathways which is caused by damage in the very young brain. The etiology of CP is mostly unknown and the prevalence has not decreased in comparison to past decades, although many advances have occurred in obstetric and neonatal care. In fact, it seems that the prevalence might have even increased in term infants. The aim of this study was the evaluation of cerebral palsy risk factors in Iran to compare them with other countries.
Methods: In this case-control study, all one to six years old children who were referred to a rehabilitation center from Shahid Beheshti child-health-care centers during the years 2007–2008, with documented cerebral palsy for evaluation of perinatal and neonatal risk factors were enrolled in the study, with matched controls.
Results: 112 in the case and 113 in the control group were studied. The main factors associated with CP, were: preterm delivery, neonatal and postnatal seizures, Apgar score of zero to three at twentieth minute after birth, low birth weight, and multiple gestations. The majority of infants with CP were born at term and only 37.8% before 37 weeks.
Conclusions: Preterm birth, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and low birth weight were the independent predictors of CP in this population.
Farnaz Amouzegar- Hashemi, Alireza Alaleh, Ali Kazemian, Peiman Haddad,
Volume 67, Issue 12 (3-2010)
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Background: Breast conservative therapy is associated with
similar outcomes in comparison with mastectomy. The
aim of this study is assessment of local recurrence rate and related risk
factors in patients who have been treated with radiotherapy after conservative
surgery for breast cancer.
Methods: This is a cohort study which data of all breast
cancer patients who have visited in follow up clinic in radiation oncology
department of cancer institute of Imam
Khomeini Hospital
complex in Tehran, Iran,
during years 2007-2009 were collected. All
of the patients were investigated for local recurrence and the possible risk
factors.
Results: Two hundred and seventy seven patients have entered
the study and all have followed for at least one year since data entry. Median
follow-up time from the start of radiotherapy were 35
months (12-148 mo).
We had seven cases (2.5%)
with local recurrences (2.5%)
which most of them occurred in first year after treatment. Because
of low rate of recurrence none of the variables such as margin and nodal status
has significant correlation with local recurrence which this should be due to
small number of patient and short time of follow up.
Conclusions: At
median follow up of 35 months from the beginning
of radiation therapy, local recurrence rate was 2.5% which
is similar to the literature. We recommend to follow a
larger group of patients for longer times to estimate recurrence risk after breast
conservative therapy.
Ali Zamani, Alireza Karimi, Mohsen Naseri, Elaheh Amini, Mohammad Milani, Amir Arvin Sazgar, Seyed Mousa Sadr Hosseini, Mohammad Sadeghi Hassan Abadi, Fatemeh Nayeri, Firouzeh Nili, Mamak Shariat, Mostafa Vasigh, Fariba Nasaj, Fatemeh Zamani, Narges Zamani,
Volume 68, Issue 1 (4-2010)
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Background: American pediatric Association proposes to
screen all neonates with Oto-Acoustic Emission (OAE). In developing countries, because of several limitations,
health policy makers recommend to screen only in high risk patients. This study is performed with the aim to screen
hearing loss in 950 high risk newborns hospitalized in hospitals
affiliated to Tehran University using the OAE test.
Methods: A total of 950 neonates hospitalized in the Neonatal and NICU wards of
Vali-e-Asr, Shariati, Medical Center and Bahrami Hospitals during the years 2004-2006 who
showed at least one risk factor using TEOAE hearing test were enrolled into this cross-sectional
descriptive analytical study and were diagnosed with mild deafness and total
deafness. Blood exchange due to hyperbillirubinemia, septicemia, congenital
heart disease, the fifth minute apgar scores below six, PROM more than six hours, epilepsia, need to NICU more than five hours, pneumonia and Oto-Toxic drugs
were considered as risk factors. Data was past medical history, current
disease, admission cause, sign & symptoms and complications of disease.
Results: Multivariate logistic regression and paired t-test
showed that blood exchange, low birth weight and low first minute Apgar scores
had the highest independent risk for hearing loss among newborn.
Conclusion: Despite of the low prevalence of neonatal hearing loss,
screening of hearing loss at early stages is important.
Zand Parsa Af, Ziai H, Fallahi B,
Volume 68, Issue 3 (6-2010)
Abstract
Background: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of mortality
and morbidity all over the world. One of the most important predictors of outcome of patients with coronary aterey disease is the site of stenosis i.e. Proximal versus nonproximal stenosis. This study designed to evaluate the relationship between CAD risk factors and site of stenosis.
Methods: In this case- control study in the patients undergone coronary angiography (CAG) in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran a total of 125 CAD patients with proximal lesion in CAG enrolled the study as case group and equal sex and age matched number of patients with non proximal lesion selected as control group. Two groups were compared based on presence or absence of DM, hypertension, hyper cholestrolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and cigarette smoking.
Results: Relative frequency of DM was 33.6% and 10.4% in case and control group respectively (p< 0.0001). Relative frequency in two groups were 33.6 vs 28.8% For HTN (p= 0.41), 30.4% vs 29.6% for hyper cholestrolemia (p= 0.89), 19.2% vs 16.8% for hypertriglyceridemia (p= 0.062) and 28.8 vs 39.2 for C/S (p= 0.08). Multivessle disease was significantly more prevalent in diabetics compared with non diabetic patients
89.1% vs 61% (p< 0.0001), no relationship was seen with HTN (p= 0.41), Hyper cholest- rolemia (p= 0.052) hypertriglyceridemia (p= 0.38) and cigarette smoking (p= 0.375). Conclusion: Proximal involvement of coronary arteries and multivessle disease in CAD patients is related to the history of DM but not to the history of hypertension, hypercholestrolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and cigarette smoking.
Forouzan Nia Skh, Hadadzadeh M, Mirhosseini Sj, Hosseini H, Abdollahi Mh, Forat Yazdi M, Rasti M, Dehghanizadeh H, Ghoreishian Sm,
Volume 68, Issue 9 (12-2010)
Abstract
Background: One of the most important components of coronary
artery bypass graft surgery is need for blood transfusion that increases
morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors
affecting the need for blood transfusion during off pump coronary artery bypass
(OPCAB)
surgery.
Methods: In
this descriptive case control study 923
patients who had undergone OPCAB at Afshar Hospital in Yazd,
Iran, from July 2008 to January 2010
were evaluated. The data was gathered from their records and was analyzed.
Results: 54% of
male and 79% of female patient need
blood transfusion. Mean age in patients needed transfusion was 61.58±11.11
years and in other group was 60.27±10.98
years of the patients that needed transfusion (p= 0.08). 563
(61%) of the patients needed transfusion with the
average of two units. The need for blood transfusion was higher in female
gender (p< 0.0001),
low hematocrit (p< 0.0001),
diabetes (p< 0.001),
hypertension (p< 0.025)
and multiple grafts (p< 0.027).
There were no significant differences in preoperative hemostasis tests,
affection to hyperlipidemia, CVA or
renal failure, antiplatelet drug administration and the application of left internal
mammary artery between the transfusion and non transfusion groups.
Conclusion: In this study preoperative
hematocrit was most important risk factor in transfusion in patients that
underwent OPCAB. Female gender, preoperative
low hematocrit, multiple grafts, diabetes and hypertension increased the rate
of blood transfusion. According to the high prevalence of blood transfusion in OPCAB, considering factors that
affect the transfusion rate is essential.
Ashkevari Sh, Ehsani Ah, Ghanbari A, Molaii H, Noormohammadpour P,
Volume 69, Issue 4 (7-2011)
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Background: Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the skin. Recently, nicotinic
cholinergic receptors have been demonstrated on keratinocytes, stimulating
calcium influx and accelerating cell differentiation. Therefore, smoking and
nicotine seem to influence inflammatory processes in psoriatic skin. The aim of
this study was to determine the frequency of cigarette smoking as an
independent risk factor in patients with psoriasis who attended the department
of dermatology at Razi Hospital
in Rasht during the years 2008 and 2009.
Methods : In this descriptive-inferential study, we recruited 96
patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 96
individuals as the controls. The participants were adjusted for sex, age and
body mass index. The collected data related to smoking status, duration of
smoking habit, smoking intensity, pack-year smoking history, and passively exposure
to smoking were documented in a researcher-devised questionnaire. Subsequently,
the data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics such as χ2,
t-test and Mann-Whitney U test by SPSS
software.
Results : The smoking rate was 33.3% in the patients and 19.4%
in the controls. Pack-year history, regarded as the intensity and duration
(years) of smoking, significantly increased the risk of psoriasis vulgaris
(P<0.05, OR=2.07, 95% CI=1.17-3.68). Being a passive
smoker did not make significant differences between the cases and the controls.
Conclusion: Our
study demonstrated that psoriasis vulgaris had a relationship with duration and
intensity of cigarette smoking and revealed the importance of smoking cessation,
particularly among patients with psoriasis.
Mohagheghi A, Mohebi M, Kamal Hedayat D, Tabatabaee A, Naseri N,
Volume 69, Issue 6 (9-2011)
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Background: This study was designed to explore the contribution of risk factors for
coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with
indication for coronary angiography. Coronary angiography is defined as the
radiographic visualization of the coronary vessels after injection of radio
opaque contrast media. Despite the recognition of risk factors for
CAD, the association between related risk factors and angiographic
findings remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to explore the
association between Gensini scores and major cardiovascular risk factors in
patients with indications for coronary angiography.
Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 495 patients who had
been hospitalized at Dr. Shariati Hospital during September 2009
to September 2010 and had undergone
coronary angiography. The patients were evaluated for the severity of coronary
lesions on the angiogram by Gensini scoring system. The patients were also
evaluated for the presence or absence of DM,
hypertension, family history of cardiac diseases, low HDL,
hyperlipoproteinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and cigarette smoking. Statistical
analysis wad done to find any relationship between Gensini scores and cardiovascular
risk factors.
Results: The study population consisted of 249
men (50.3%) and 245
woman (49.5%) with a mean age of 58.1±10.3
years. A positive correlation
was found between age (P=0.04), sex (P=0.008),
HDL (P=0.04) smoking (P=0.0001)
and diabetes (P<0.013) with Gensini scores.
Conclusion: In
patients with indications of angiography, Gensini scores provide valuable
prognostic information on cardiovascular risk factors. Age, sex, HDL, smoking
and diabetes are related to the severity of coronary
lesions on the angiograms.
Nadia Hatmi Z, Kazemi Said A, Khoshkar Najar Sh,
Volume 69, Issue 8 (11-2011)
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Background: Previous studies were suggestive of a good prognosis in patients
with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and absence of any critical stenosis in coronary angiography but recent
limited reports have revealed that patients with non-obstructive acute coronary
syndrome are at a higher risk of future clinical coronary events.
Methods : A concurrent prospective cohort study was designed and 146 male patients with ACS and non-obstructive coronary
artery disease were regarded as the unexposed group, while 191 female patients with non-obstructive
coronary artery disease were regarded as the exposed group. Coronary events were
recorded within one year of follow-up. Prognostic factors were evaluated at
baseline by using a standardized protocol.
Results : Of the 337 patients with ACS, 191 (56.6%) were female. Coronary events in female patients after one year of
follow-up were: ST EMI 3 (1.6%), unstable angina pectoris 22 (11.5%),
Q-wave MI
1 (0.5%) and no syncope. In male patients the outcomes
were: ST EMI 4 (2.7%), unstable angina pectoris 29 (19.9%),
Q-wave MI 1
(0.7%), and syncope 1 (0.7%). Multivariate adjusted
relationships revealed that physical inactivity (P=0.035),
dyslipidemia (P=0.001), low ankle brachial
index (P=0.024) and
age between 40-50 years (P=0.004) were significantly associated with coronary events in women. In
male patients, body mass index of 30-39.99
(P=0.011) was associated with a higher
rate of ST-segment elevated MI.
Conclusion: Prognostically,
coronary events and clinical endpoints were significantly different between men
and women with acute coronary syndrome. Persistence of symptoms over one year seems
to relate to the development and progression of coronary atherosclerosis.
Rahbarimanesh A, Mobedi M, Alizade Taheri P,
Volume 70, Issue 4 (7-2012)
Abstract
Background: Sepsis is a leading cause of death in infants and children. In this study, we determined sepsis risk factors in children admitted in Bahrami Hospital.
Methods: Medical records of 94 patients with septicemia and a positive blood culture were reviewed in this study. The patients had been admitted during 2010-2011 in different wards of Bahrami Pediatric Hospital. Variables including age, gender, underlying diseases, causative agents and use of medical devices were extracted from the medical records and analyzed statistically.
Results: 54.3% of the cases were male and 51% were below 1 year of age. 54.3% had underlying diseases including malignancy (18.1%) and renal disease (11.7%), which were the most common causes. Failure to thrive (FTT) was detected in 34% of the cases. 82% of the causative bacterial agents were gram positive bacteria and the most common organisms were coagulase negative staphylococci (63.8%) and staphylococcus aureus (10.6%). IV-catheters (100%), NG tubes (9.6%), urinary catheters (4.3%) had been used in the patients. The mortality rate was 6.3%.
Conclusion: This study showed that septicemia was more prevalent in infants and the most common underlying diseases were malignancy and renal disease, respectively. Gram positive bacteria were the most common cause of septicemia.
