Tehran University Medical Journal

Background: Developmental and behavioral disorders are the most prevalent problems in children after infection and trauma. Growth and development are influenced by genetic, social and environmental factors that incept of the early life of the fetal and neonatal periods. Due to the importance of the development in children, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between growth indices at birth and developmental status in infancy.
Methods: This case-control study investigated 6 to 18 months old infants, who referred to comprehensive health centers affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from August to December 2017. The sample size in this study was 200 infants and the participants were evaluated in two groups of 100 subjects (developmental delay and normal development). Anthropometric indices at birth were collected from healthcare records, and developmental status was measured using the ages and stages questionnaire (ASQ). The developmental status of the children was measured in five domains, i.e., motor (gross and fine motor skills), problem-solving, personal-social skills and communication. A significance level was considered statistically <0.05.
Results: The mean age of the infants in the developmental delay group was 12.63±1.72 months and the mean age of the infants in control group was 12.68±1.69 months and 45.6% of children in the developmental delay group were female and 54.4% of children in the developmental delay group were male. The most prevalence developmental delay in case group was in the area of personal-social domain (26.9%) and the lowest prevalence developmental delay in the area of the gross motor (12.7%). No correlation was found between head circumference (P= 0.32) and height at birth (P= 0.11) and developmental status. However, there was a significant relationship between developmental delay in the area of the communication (P= 0.04) and gross motor (P= 0.02) with birth weight. Pearson correlation indicate a correlation between developmental delay in the area of the gross motor and birth weight (P= 0.01).
Conclusion: It seems that birth weight was a factor that is associated with developmental delay. In this study low birth weight correlated with developmental delay in communication and gross motor aspects of ASQ.

Background: Copenhagen hip and groin outcome score (HAGOS) is the only valid and reliable self-reported questionnaire for assessing symptoms and activity limitations of subjects with hip and groin problems. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the English version of the HAGOS to Persian and to evaluate its reliability in young athletes with hip and groin pain.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Rehabilitation, Iran, from June 2014 to May 2015. In order to develop the Persian HAGOS, the English HAGOS was translated and culturally adapted into Persian language based on the standard forward-backward translation and expert committee review. Then, for the test-retest reliability investigation, young male athletes suffering from hip and groin pain, recruited from sport physical therapy clinics, completed the Persian HAGOS two times with 1-2 weeks interval. Independent samples t‐test and Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to determine the test-retest reliability of the six subscales and the total score of Persian HAGOS. The SPSS statistical software (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for all analyses.
Results: Fifty young male athletes, mean age 26.12±3.37 years (range: 18-33), participated in this study. ICC value for test retest reliability of total score was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.59-0.84). ICC values for subscales scores ranged from 0.6 for participation in physical activities subscale to 0.79 (P<0.0001) for pain subscale (P<0.0001). There were no significant differences between the test and retest scores obtained for subscales and total scores (t-test, P>0.05).
Conclusion: The HAGOS was successfully translated and cross-culturally adapted from English into Persian language. The Persian version of HAGOS is a reliable questionnaire for the evaluation of young athletes with hip and groin pain in clinics and research.

Background: Sexual issues are one of the most important aspects of human life and sexual disorders are issues that can cause some problems in any society. Paying attention to sexual problems can help to deepen the couple's relationship by reducing potential problems. It is also important to note that communication problems between couples and their interplay patterns are effective in shaping sexual behavior between couples and can be a source of sexual behavior disorders for couples. The goal of this research was to determine prevalence of sexual satisfaction of participants and some related factors.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 564 married women between the ages of 18 and 55 under the cover of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMJ), Zanjan City, Iran, among whom referring to ZUMJ educational centers from March to August 2012. A simple random sampling method was used. The data collection tool was a 14-item changes in sexual functioning questionnaire (CSFQ-14) completed by the self-efficacy method.

Results: The results of this study showed that 79.5% of women studied had some degree of sexual dissatisfaction. The study showed that with increasing age, the degree of dissatisfaction with marital relationships increased from 3.1% in the age group of 14-19 years to 38.2% in the age group of 30-39 years. Also, the rate of sexual dissatisfaction increased with the increase in education, and the highest degree of dissatisfaction was in the group with diploma education and the next stage, those with university education. The results of the study reported the highest proportion of dissatisfaction with sexual relations in the housewife group, and dissatisfaction with sexual relations increased significantly with an increasing number of years of marital life. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the prevalence of dissatisfaction especially with respect to sexual orientation among women is higher than expected, which is a threat to the individual and social health of individuals.

Background: The objective of this study was the transcultural adaptation of the Rotator cuff quality of life (RC-QOL) questionnaire and the determination of the reliability and validity of the questionnaire in the Persian-speaking population with rotator cuff disease.
Methods: This study was conducted in Isfahan from April 2022 to February 2023. The participants consisted of 56 people with rotator cuff pathology. The process of adapting and translating the questionnaire was done with the methodology presented previously by Beaton et al. Content validity was first tested by a group of orthopedic and physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists and then through a pilot study consisting of 15 Persian-speaking patients with rotator cuff disease. Test-retest reliability was established with an intraclass correlation coefficient. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. The measurement's error estimation was calculated with the standard error of the measurement. Reproducibility evaluation was measured with a 3-day interval between the completion of the test-retest questionnaire.

Results: The age range of the participants was 34 to 68 years (55% men and 45% women). The mean (standard deviation) of the total score of the RC-QOL questionnaire was 44.33(10.81) and ranged from 17.35 to 70.88. Cronbach's alpha was 0.971, which showed high internal consistency. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.99, indicating high test-retest reliability. The mean values (standard deviations) of the DASH and SPADI questionnaires were equal to 77.66(13.69) and 66.66(18.25), respectively. The results of the study showed excellent and significant convergent validity of the RC-QOL questionnaire with both the DASH and SPADI questionnaires. The correlation value with the DASH and SPADI questionnaires was equal to 0.907 and 0.941, respectively. Conclusion: The Persian version of the RC-QOL questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate the quality of life in patients diagnosed with rotator cuff injuries.