Showing 48 results for Thyroid
H Davary ,
Volume 57, Issue 2 (5-1999)
Abstract
Differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid occruing within the gland is generally not regarded as an aggressive tumor however, when the tumor extends beyond the gland's capsule and onto adjacent structures, its prognosis worsens. During the past three decades such locally invasive thyroid cancer has been studied, specifically concerning invasion into the airway. Progress in tracheal operations in the past 20 years has changed remarkably in terms of the operative methods and indications for thyroid carcinoma invading the trachea. Resection and primary reconstruction of the trachea invaded by carcinoma of the thyroid should be done in the absence of extensive metastases when technically, feasible. It offers prolonged palliation, avoidance of suffocation and an opportunity for cure. In carefully selected patient with massive regional involvement, radical excision laryngopharyngoesophagectomy and mediastinal tracheostomy is also appropriate. In this article, management of one patient with intraluminal involvement of trachea by thyroid carcinoma is presented and management of upper aerodigestive tract invasion by thyroid cancer reviewed.
Borna S, Behjati Ardakani J, Ghanbari Z, Vaghefy T, Ghadr Doost Najibi N ,
Volume 60, Issue 6 (9-2002)
Abstract
Introduction: Thyroid diseases are one of the most common endocrine diseases. Incidence of thyroid diseases in women is ten times more than men. Menstrual irregularities and fertility is occasionally the first sign of thyroid diseases.
Materials and methods: In a prospective study, 325 thyroid patients were evaluated in Emam hospital. Incidence and type of menstrual irregularities were evaluated in these patients.
Results: 55.8 percent of hypothyroid patients had normal pattern ob bleeding. 44.2 hyper thyroid patients had menstrual irregularities which were in the form of oligomenorrhea and 41.7 percents of hypo-thyroid patients were irregular in the form of polymenorrhea, oligomenorrhea and menorrhagia.
Conclusion: In these patients, menstrual irregularities cured by treatment of thyroid diseases and reduced surgical interventions.
Nakhjavani M, Esteghamati A, Alam Salimi M,
Volume 60, Issue 6 (9-2002)
Abstract
Introduction: Clinical manifestations of primary hyper-para-thyroidism (pHPT) had been dramatically changed during last 25 years. Evaluation of changes in clinical findings was the aim of this study.
Materials and methods: In a retrospective, descriptive case series, patients' records of all 47 pHPT (44 females, 3 males) from 1988 till 1998 were studied. Patients’ clinical presentations, signs and symptoms, laboratory and radiologic findings were reviewed and the results were compared with 34 patients' studied during 1978-1987. Serum Ca>10.5 mg/dl with increased or high normal PTH were the diagnostic criteria of pHPT.
Results: Patients’ age range was 11-70 and mean ±SD was 38±16 years, with a female to male ratio of 14:1. 57 percent of the patients had bone pain and muscle weakness, 12 percent were asymptomatic, 10 percent had pathologic fractures, 8 percent had renal stones, 8 percent had symptoms of hypercalcemia, and 2 percent had giant cell lesion. The mean±SD of serum calcium was 11.48±1.16 mg/dl, phosphorus was 2.4±0.6 mg/dl and 24-h urinary Ca was 294±197 mg. Serum PTH was increased from 1.5 to 500 folds. The frequency of single adenoma in right inferior, left inferior, and left superior gland were 43 percent, 30 percent, and 13 percent respectively.
Conclusion: In the study 12 percent of patients were asymptomatic whereas there was no asymptomatic case in the previous study. Prevalence of severe bone disease and the interval between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was also reduced. According to this study detection of pHPT in asymptomatic phase remarkably increased.
Hedayat A, Bastan Hagh M H, Bavandi F,
Volume 61, Issue 4 (7-2003)
Abstract
Intra-operative measurement of intact Parathyroid hormone (iPTH) using a rapid assay technique is useful as an aid in determining adequacy of resection and leads to reduce re-operative cases.
Materials and Methods: In a prospective case series study, PTH level determined before and after (intra-operative and one day after) Parathyroidectomy in 34 patients with primary hyperthyroidism that refer to Shariati hospital during 18 months between year 2000 and 2001.
Results: The average PTH levels before and after parathyroidectomy were 563 pgr/lit and 121 pgr/lit. All patients had significant decrease in PTH levels after Parathroidectomy (mean = 78%). One day after operation, this level decreased to 42 pgr/lit (mean = 87% decrease compared with before operation)
Conclusion: In this study, like the same other studies from other countries there was significant decrease in PTH levels in rapid intra-operative assay that can demonstrate the reliability of PTH monitoring for intra-operative management and overall operative success rates.
Fard Esfahani A, Eftekhari M, Aliyari Zenooz N, Saghari M, Beygi D,
Volume 62, Issue 1 (4-2004)
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with radioactive iodine on the function of gonads in males and females with follicular and papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Materials and Methods: Consenting patients in the reproductive age were grouped according to the cumulative dose of received radioiodine and followed for at least 12 months. For all men, serum levels of FSH, LH, and testosterone were measured some (53 cases) were also studied by semen analysis. For women, tests for serum levels of LH, FSH, estrogen, and progesterone were performed.
Results: Overall, 246 patients (159 females, 87 males) were studied. In 87.4% of men, there was an increase in serum FSH level after radioiodine therapy, in 20.7% of whom the level remained high during follow-up period. The average serum level of FSH after each course of treatment was significantly higher than the level before treatment (p<0.01), and there was a meaningful correlation with the cumulative dose of received iodine (p<0.001). Reduced number of sperms was shown in 35.8% of male patients, among whom 73.7% also showed reduced motility. In 36.8% of the patients with reduced sperm number (13.2% of the total), this finding was persistent during the follow-up period. Increased level of FSH was correlated with reduced sperm counts in all doses (p
A Keshavarz Zirak , S.s Frooghi Al Davoov , A Soltani , B Ardashir Larijani ,
Volume 63, Issue 3 (6-2005)
Abstract
Background: Sub clinical hyperthyroidism is a state of subnormal serum TSH and T3,T4 within normal range, although usually without overt clinical manifestation but many disastrous complications especially in senile patient. In Iranian people, serum TSH is generally assayed by IRMA method. This study is aimed to determine the value of low serum TSH in these patients, better management and decision when encountered.
Materials and Methods: The populations under study are guys with serum TSH lower than 0.5mu/l and normal thyroid hormones without known thyroidal and non-thyroidal illness. A basal serum TSH and TSH 30 minutes after TRH injection intra venous were sampled and correlation of clinical signs and symptoms and basal TSH with sub clinical hyperthyroidism was considered.
Results: The population under study was categorized into five groups and prevalence of sub clinical hyperthyroidism was noted. In patients with b.TSH equal or lower than 0.1mu/l, 100%, 0.1-0.2mu/l, 75%, 0.2-0.3mu/l, 38.5%, 0.3-0.4mu/l, 14.3% and TSH levels greater than 0.4mu/l, were all normal. After analyzing of these data and determination of sensitivity and specificity of IRMA, it was concluded that IRMA is not sufficient to distinguish sub clinical hyperthyroidism, although there is a good linear (r=0.68 P<0.001) and cubic (r=0.79 P<0.001) relationship between b.TSH and d.TSH.
Conclusion: Since TRH test is not cost effective for all cases, TSH levels lower than 0.25mu/l, can be considered as sub clinical hyperthyroidism and levels more than 0.4mu/l, as normal. In cases with TSH level between 0.25 and 0.4mu/l, TRH test is needed in high-risk patients.
Jamshidi A.r , Gharib Doost F, Larijani B, Forouzesh Nia S M,
Volume 64, Issue 7 (8-2006)
Abstract
Background: Scleroderma is an important chronic disease with unknown ethiology and two subtypes: limited type: Skin involvement limited to distal of extremity and face. Diffuse type: Skin involvement is both distal and proximal of extremity, face and thrunk. Thyroid dysfunction is a main problem in these patients but there is no published data of Iranian scleroderma patients
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism (clinical, subclinical and autoimmune) in patients with scleroderma 125 patients with scleroderma selected and T3, T4, TSH Anti Tpo Ab and Anti TG Ab measured in them.
Results: 33 patients with scleroderma had hypothyroidism. (%26/4). Two patients with scleroderma had hyperthyroidism. (%1/6). %12/8 had clinical hypothyroidism. And %13/6 had subclinical hypothyroidism, %33/3 of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and positive autoantibody had limited type. Where as %66/6 of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and autoantibody had diffuse type, %28/5 of patients with clinical hypothyroidism and positive auto anti body had limited type. Where as %71/4 of patients with clinical hypothyroidism and auto anti body had diffuse type. All of patients with hyper thyroidism had diffuse type and autoantibody positive.
Conclusion: It seems hypothyroidism has an increased prevalence in patients with scleroderma and we suggest that thyroid function test must be done in primary evaluation of these patients
Razmpa E, Sadeghi Hasanabadi. M, Asefi N, Arabi M,
Volume 65, Issue 2 (3-2008)
Abstract
Background: Thyroid cancer is a rare disease which includes less than 1%
percent of all human cancers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the
demographic characteristics and risk factors among patients with thyroid
malignancy at the Cancer institute and Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran
Iran.
Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of the charts of 320
patients admitted with the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy based on
pathologic reports in the above- mentioned hospitals from 1992 to 2002.
Results: From the 320 patients diagnosed with thyroid malignancy 68.1%
were papillary cancer, 10.9% were follicular cancer, 10.6% were anaplastic
cancer, 9.06% were medullary cancer and 1.2% were lymphoma.
The average of the patients was 50.2 years, ranging from 12 to 98 years
60.6% were female and 39.4 %were male 22.8% of the patients had
histories of thyroid nodule and 5% had received radiation therapy.
From the anatomic point of view 57.5% of the cancers were in the right lobe
of thyroid, 38.1% were in left lobe and 4.4% in the isthmus. None of the
patients had positive family history of thyroid malignancy.
Conclusion:
Thyroid malignancy is more prevalent in the fifth decade of life and more
common among females. Therefore, among patients in this group, alarming
symptoms, such as anterior neck mass, thyroid nodule and voice change,
should be evaluated more seriously.
Motasaddi Zarandy M, Khorsandi M T, Senemar A, Shaeri H R,
Volume 65, Issue 3 (6-2007)
Abstract
Background: Hypothyroidism is a well-documented complication after treatment of laryngeal cancer and is particularly significant among patients undergoing laryngectomy. We investigated the frequency of hypothyroidism in patients treated with total laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer. We also evaluated the effect of neck radiotherapy on thyroid function after total laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated 31 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (mean age 53.6 years). Among these patients, 14 were treated with surgery only and 17 were treated with surgery plus radiotherapy. Laboratory evaluation included levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4, free T3, and antithyroid antibodies both preoperatively and postoperatively at the first day, as well as one and six months after surgery.
Results: All patients had normal thyroid function before treatment however, after 6 months, five patients (16.1%) were hypothyroid. Of these, three patients (9.6%) had subclinical symptoms, including elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone with normal free T4, and two patients (6.5%) showed clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism. Radiotherapy and neck dissection were significantly associated with higher incidences of hypothyroidism.
Conclusion: Our data suggest that hypothyroidism occurs in a substantial proportion of patients undergoing surgery for laryngeal cancer. The results indicate that thyroid function studies should be routinely performed in the follow-up care of laryngeal cancer patients, especially if radiotherapy and neck dissection were part of the treatment. We suggest that this approach will improve the patient's quality of life and diminish the co-morbidity associated with this kind of surgery.
Noyan Ashraf Ma, Shahrokhi Damavand Sh, Maghsoodloo M, Peiravy Sereshke H,
Volume 67, Issue 2 (5-2009)
Abstract
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Background: The prediction of the probability of
difficult intubation and the associated problems before Induction of anesthesia
could be lifesaving. The aim of this study was the investigation of association
between the stage of thyroid cartilage prominency and laryngoscopic view for
predicting the difficult intubation.
Methods: Five hundred and thirty five patients
aged 18-60 years old,
with prominent thyroid cartilage, "Adam's apple", enrolled in a cross
-sectional study based on the stage of "Adam's apple" and the relationship with
laryngoscopic view. After induction of anesthesia, laryngoscopy performed and
laryngoscopic view of larynx was recorded, and analyzed according to Modified
Cormackand Lehane's Scoring.
Results: No significant association between
laryngoscopic view and thyroid cartilage prominency staging was observed. There
was no significant relationship in females and aged under 50 y.o. The relationship in males with poor
correlation coefficient was significant. The results are as follows: [male :(p=0.028, r=-0.096),
Female: (p=0.821, r=0.082), <50
yrs: (p=0.87, r=0.007)
no significant association for age decades and thyroid cartilage prominency
stages, were observed. In ages above 50 y.o, difference was significant. Thirty patients had a
laryngoscopic view in which the tracheal rings were visible just bellow the
vocal cords.
Conclusions: As
the increased age was related to laryngoscopic view and thyroid cartilage
prominency stage it seems that there is relationship between ages over 50 y.o and difficulty of laryngoscopic
view or intubation. With the observation of a view different from the grade I Cormack and Lehane's scoring, we named
it the "stage Ia"
that the tracheal rings are visible bellow the vocal cords during laryngoscopy.
Jelodar Gh, Beyzaee M,
Volume 68, Issue 3 (6-2010)
Abstract
Background: High-frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) is generated by differentsources such as radar installations, radio and television transmitters, medical microwave diathermy device and domestic use of microwave ovens. Radiation leakage of microwave oven may be harmful for users. Kids who are residing near their mothers may expose to electromagnetic field. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of radiation leakage of microwave oven on body weight, cortisol, thyroid hormones and plasma lipid profile.
Methods: Radiation leakage of microwave oven was measured by RF measuring instrument. For this study 20 immature (7±3 days old and 5±1 g weight) mice were selected and randomly divided in two groups, control and test group. Test groups were exposed to 2450 MHZ microwaves produced by microwave oven three times a day, 30 minute each time. After 60 days, body weights of both groups were determined and the blood samples were collected by heart puncture. Serum cortisol and thyroid hormones levels were evaluated using RIA method.
Results: Radiation leakage from oven showed variations from 6.5 to 57.5 mW/cm2. Mean body weight in test group was 29.5% lower than control group. Serum cortisol, T3 and T4 level were significantly higher in test group compare to control group,(17.44±1.78 vs. 9.94±1.21 ng/ml), (1.39±0.15 vs. 0.86±0.09 nmol/L) and (77.80±7.67 vs.54.6±6.2 nmol/L) respectively. Compare to control group serum Triglyceride level increased while HDL decreased significantly in test group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Microwaves leaked from oven have deleterious effect on body weight, T4
and cortisol level by decreasing weight gain and increasing these hormones.
Larijani B, Alimadadi A,
Volume 68, Issue 9 (12-2010)
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a condition characterized with reduced bone density and destruction of the bone structure. The ideal treatment aims to reduce the risk of fracture while improving the density and structure of the bone. Parathormone (PTH) and its main analogue triparatide (rhPTH [1-34]) is a new class of anabolic medications which accelerates the healing process in the fractured bone through improving bone formation and therefore is used for treating severe osteoporosis. The present review article was designed to report the history, different types, anabolic and catabolic effects, complications, indications and contraindications of the hormone.
Haeri H, Shaker Gh, Asadi Amoli F,
Volume 70, Issue 11 (2-2013)
Abstract
Background: Warthin tumor- like papillary carcinoma of thyroid is a rare variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. It is characterized by distinct papillary structures lined by oncocytic tumor cells with nuclear features of papillary carcinoma and marked lymphoplasmocytic infiltrate in the papillary stalks. This tumor derives its name from its resemblance to Warthin tumor of major salivary glands.
Case presentation: We report a 54- year- old man presented with bilateral thyroid masses. Histopathological study showed papillary structures lined by cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and ground- glass nuclei with lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of the stalks.
Conclusion: Warthin tumor-like papillary thyroid carcinoma could be mistaken for benign lymphoepithelial lesions such as Hashimoto thyroiditis, Hurthle cell tumors and tall cell variant of papillary carcinoma. Follow- up information on the previously reported cases has suggested that these tumors behave similarly to usual papillary carcinoma.
Af Zand Parsa, N Gilani Larimi, A Esteghamati, M Motevalli,
Volume 71, Issue 2 (5-2013)
Abstract
Background: It has been shown that coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS) can be used as a diagnostic method in coronary artery disease (CAD). The relationship between CACS and calcium metabolism in the body has been shown. The arterial calcification is an organized process similar to bone formation which is controled by parathormone (PTH). The relationship between PTH as an osteoregulatory factor and CACS has been also indicated. In this study, we tried to assess the value of serum PTH and CACS in patients planned to undergo coronary angiography (CAG) in order to find a simple, cost -benefit, noninvasive way, for ruling in/out obstructive CAD.
Methods: In a cross sectional study in Imam Khomeini hospital in 1390, CACS by using non-enhanced multi detector computed tomography (MDCT) and measurement of serum level of PTH, Calcium and Phosphate were done in 178 patients suspected to CAD which were scheduled to undergo coronary angiography serum PTH was measured by immuno-radiometric assay (IRMA) and serum Ca and Phosphate were measured by spectrophotometry methods.
Results: Of 178 Patients, 50 patients were females and 126 patients were male. Mean age of them was 56.2±11.6. The correlation coefficient between CACS and Gensini score (0.507, P<0.001), PTH (0.037, P=0.693), Ca (0.062, P=0.499) and Phosphate (0.061, P=0.506) were obtained. The level of serum PTH in the patients with and without coronary artery disease were 21.8±11.6 pg/dl, 23.2±11.5 pg/dl (P=0.427) respectively.
Conclusion: Our study showed association between CACS and CAD that was statistically significant while no relationship was found between PTH, CACS and CAD.
Hassan Seirafi , Amirhooshang Ehsani , Mahbobeh Sadat Hosseini, Bahador Samavati , Fatemeh Gholamali , Pedram Noormohammadpour ,
Volume 71, Issue 4 (7-2013)
Abstract
Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common cause of noncicatricial alopecia that occurs as a patchy, confluent or diffuse pattern. Exact etiologic factor of AA not yet recognized. Among many hypothesis, relationship between AA and autoimmune disease, especially thyroid disorders, was more interesting. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of thyroid test disorders in the patients with alopecia totalis and universalis in comparison with normal population.
Methods: We analyzed medical records of 100 patients, including 44 male and 56 female in Tehran Razi Hospital from 1388 to 1389. The mean age was 24.1 years. Patients having totalis and universalis form of AA considered as case group while 100 normal person (42 male and 58 female with mean age of 26.1) who had not any form of AA considered as control group. Both groups had not any sign of thyroid disease at clinical examination according to their available medical records. Collected data were analyzed statistically in SPSS software 17th version.
Results: In the majority of patients (54%) the disease was manifested in the first two decades of life. History of atopia was seen in 9.8% of patient. Presence of the similar disease in first-degree family members was seen in 14.3% of patients. Abnormal T3, T4 and TSH were significantly higher in case group. Abnormal T3 uptake was higher in case group but not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Paraclinical thyroid disorders were significantly higher in the alopecia areata patients than in normal population. There was no significant association between the age, sex and duration of disease and presence thyroid dysfunction.
Haideh Haeri , Ghazaleh Shaker , Fahimeh Asadi Amoli , Minoo Ahmadinejad ,
Volume 71, Issue 7 (10-2013)
Abstract
Background: It is rare to find squamous metaplasia in the thyroid gland. Its existence is usually seen in association with a pathological lesion such as mucoepidermoid carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. In most cases the squamous cells are few in number and squamous metaplasia is focal and small in size. Extensive squamous metaplasia of the thyroid gland is a very rare finding.
Case Presentation: We report a case of massive squamous metaplasia in Hashimoto thyroiditis in a 53 year-old- male with a four year history of hypothyroidism. Also seen in the history is impaired thyroid function tests of low T3 and T4 levels with rise in TSH. The patient currently presented with neck discomfort and a somewhat firm nodular neck mass. Ultrasonography revealed heterogeneous nodular enlargement of both thyroid lobes and a calcified nodule of the left lobe. Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid nodule was performed which reported findings suspicious for malignancy. Based on these findings the patient underwent total thyroidectomy.
Conclusion: In this article we address the causes and sources of massive squamous metaplasia in the thyroid gland. We also discuss the histopathologic differential diagnostic lesions which could be the cause of potential pitfalls encountered in the interpretation of the cytopathology and histopathology of such lesions arising in this gland.
Jabar Lotfi , Mohammad Taghikhani , Marjan Zarif Yeganeh , Sara Sheikholeslami , Mehdi Hedayati ,
Volume 72, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Background: Thyroid carcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumor of the endocrine system in human body and accounts for nearly 1% of all cancers. Medullary thyroid carcinoma is the third frequent of thyroid cancer and accounts about 5-8% of thyroid cancer. Osteocalcin, known as a Bone Gamma-carboxyglutamic Acid-containing Protein (BGLAP), is the most non collagenous protein. Retinol binding proteins are the family of proteins that have diverse actions but mainly transport retinol in human body. In this study to evaluate effect of existence medullary thyroid carcinoma on metabolism of bone and adipose tissue, plasma level of two mentioned proteins had analyzed.
Methods: Population in this study consists of 46 individuals with medullary thyroid carcinoma and 44 healthy subjects referred individuals to Research Institute for Endo-crine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. People with the disease after diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma and pathologically confirmed by biopsy in the initial stages of the study were called. After informed consent, 10 ml of blood from the antecubital vein of left hand in sitting position obtained and after cen-trifugation, plasma was isolated from all samples until analyzed kept in the freezer. Plasma levels of hormones were measured by sandwich type ELISA method. Obtained results were analyzed by SPSS version 16 with independent t-test method.
Results: Mean plasma level of osteocalcin in patients was 33.1±3.5 and in healthy sub-jects was 12.5±1.2 ng/ml (Mean±SD) and Odds Ratio (OR) value was 1.04. In patients, mean plasma level of retinol binding protein was 82.5±2.7 and in healthy subjects was 22.8±1.6 μg/ml and OR value was 2.1. The confidence level considered at 95%. These differences of plasma levels were statistically significant (P= 0.001).
Conclusion: According to difference between plasma levels of osteocalcin and retinol binding protein-4 in patients suffered of medullary thyroid carcinoma comparison with normal subjects, it can be said that, probably medullary thyroid carcinoma has effect on bone and adipose tissue metabolism, so osteocalcin and retinol binding protein-4 hormones have potential to be used for confirmation of diagnosis or following treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
Ali Ghasemi , Abdollah Banihashem , Nosrat Ghaemi , Saghi Elmi , Habibollah Esmaeili , Reza Erfani Sayyar, Sam Elmi ,
Volume 72, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Background: In most children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) who have received chemotherapy with and without radi-otherapy, some late effects due to treatment may occur such as endocrinopathies.
Methods: We evaluated growth criteria (including short stature, obesity) and thyroid test function in 50 children with ALL (n= 25) and NHL (n= 25) 3-17 year-old in remis-sion period who randomly received chemotherapy with (n= 25) or without (n= 25) radi-ation such as our treatment groups. The values for height, weight and BMI in less than 5th or more than 95 th percentile considers abnormal.
Results: Six (12%) patients were in less than 5th percentile height (short stature). Two patients (4.0%) had over-weight and 48 (96%) were in normal range of BMI. Six (12%) patients were in less than 5th and 3 (6%) were in more than 95 th weight percentile. There was no significant difference between two different treatment groups for TSH (P= 0.662 (but there was a significant difference between these groups in case of T4 (P= 0.049(. Mean and SD for T4 in patients with chemotherapy alone was less than in whom received chemotherapy plus radiotherapy. There was no significant difference between ALL and NHL groups for TSH, T4 (P= 0.567, 0.528 respectively). Two boys with ALL without history of radiation had hypothyroidism that had based on their la-boratory data.
Conclusion: Regarding to effects of thyroid dysfunction on short stature and obesity in adolescent with ALL and NHL, we suggest to have more attention about growth, thy-roid test to avoid late side effect of malignancy treatment.
Sara Sheikholeslami , Marjan Zarif Yeganeh, Laleh Hoghooghi Rad, Maryam Sadat Daneshpour, Mehdi Hedayati ,
Volume 72, Issue 8 (11-2014)
Abstract
Background: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) occurs in both sporadic (75%) and hereditary (25%) forms. The missense mutations of the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene in MTC development have been well demonstrated. Several studies have been published that indicate the molecular analysis of RET gene may offer early identification of those patients at high risk to develop MTC and may provide the opportunity for early intervention. The aim of this study was to investigate frequency of G691S/S904S haplotype in MTC patients and their relatives.
Methods: From 2004 to 2014, 358 participants were studied, including 213 patients (119 female, 94 male) and 145 their relatives (79 female, 66 male) in cellular and molecular research center of Shahid Beheshti Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes using the standard Salting Out/Proteinase K method. Nucleotide change detection was performed using PCR and direct DNA sequencing methods. The RET mutations and SNPs, sequences were analyzed.
Results: According to DNA sequencing results, 189 individuals (119 patients, 70 relatives) had both G691S (rs1799939) missense mutation in exon11 and S904S (rs1800863) synonymous mutation in exon 15 of RET proto-oncogene. The allele frequency of G691S/S904S haplotype was 35.02% in patients and 29.92% in their relatives.
Conclusion: The obtained data showed the frequency of G691S/S904S RET gene haplotype among Iranian MTC patients and their relatives. The G691S and S904S nucleotide changes were in complete linkage disequilibrium, so the results were grouped together and referred to as G691S/S904S haplotype. This haplotype are not considered as oncogenic mutations at this time, its functional role should be investigated. Further analysis is needed to demonstrate the association between this haplotype and MTC development.
Hoda Golab Ghadaksaz , Mahmood Dehghani Ashkezari , Mehdi Hedayati ,
Volume 73, Issue 6 (9-2015)
Abstract
Background: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), includes 5-10% of all the thyroid cancers. RET proto-oncogene mutations have been found in association with MTC development. Therefore, identification of the mutations in RET can allow early diagnosis of the families who are at the risk of the disease. The goal of this study was to investigate existence and association between mutations in exon 19 of the RET proto-oncogene in an Iranian population medullary thyroid cancer patients and their family members.
Methods: This study was run in the research laboratory of Research Institute for Endocrine Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences from May, 2013 to May, 2014. In this study, 110 patients with confirmed medullary thyroid carcinoma were selected and examined. At first, the genomic DNA content of the peripheral white blood cells (WBC) of the samples were extracted using a saturated salting out and proteinase K standard method. Exon 19 of the RET proto-oncogene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was amplified. Then the desired PCR products formation was confirmed by electrophoresis technique for true amplification, and finally the amplified samples were used for direct sequenced for finding and assessing any possible mutations
Results: In this study, two nucleotide changes at position rs2075912 (Y: T/C) and position rs2075913 (W: T/A) exon 19 RET proto-oncogene were found in the patients with medullary thyroid cancer. The frequency of both nucleotide changes were higher in men than women with medullary thyroid cancer. The frequency of the rs2075912 and rs2075913 were 11.2 and 6.3% higher in men than women. But in statistical analysis, there was no association between age, sex and the founded two mutations.
Conclusion: In addition to mutations in other exons of proto-RET, mutations in exon 19 can also be used for early detection and confirmation of medullary thyroid carcinomas.
