Showing 3 results for Tic Disorders
Shahsavand E, Noroozian M, Faiiazi M,
Volume 60, Issue 1 (4-2002)
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the most important and disabling mental disorders in the world. Males and females are equally affected. Diagnosis is a very difficult problem in this disorder. Because the diagnostic systems such as ICD-10 and DSM-IV are mainly subjective, they are not valid and reliable. Essentially, in the future, we will need to more objective criteria in psychiatry especially in diagnosis of schizophrenia. Neurological soft signs are an example of these objective criteria. In this study we evaluated the prevalence of neurological soft signs in schizophrenic patients and compared it with the prevalence of these signs in other psychotic patients (except mood disorders with psychotic features) and normal subjects.
Methods: We compared the neurological soft signs (sensory motor integration, motor. Coordination, consequent complex motor acts, primary reflexes, and eye movements) in 30 schizophrenic patients, 30 other psychotic patients (other than mood disorders with psychotic features) and 30 normal subjects. Diagnosis of schizophrenia and also other psychoses were based on DSM-IN criteria. Normal subjects have been selected form the staff of Roozbeh hospital randomly.
Results: The difference between the means of motor coordination subscale of neurological soft signs in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders (other than mood disorders with psychotic features) were significant (P value < 0.04). There were no significant differences between the means of other subscales of neurological soft signs in two groups of patients.
Conclusion: There are some disturbances of motor coordination subscale of neurological soft signs in patients with schizophrenia. It seems that, these disturbances are evidence of involvements of basal ganglia, motor cerebral cortex, and cerebellum. So it may be suggested that motor coordination as a marker can be used in differentiation between the schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.
Noorbakhsh S, Jalili B, Shamshiri Ar, Shirazi E, Tabatabaei A, Taghipour R, Modares Fathi A,
Volume 68, Issue 9 (12-2010)
Abstract
Background: Recently, many cases diagnosed as pediatric autoimmune
neuropsy-chiatric disorders associated with group A beta hemolytic streptococcus infection (PANDAS) due to production of
autoimmune antibodies. Object of this study was comparison the titer of
antibodies against group A beta
hemolytic streptococcus (ASOT,
Anti-DNase B, and Anti streptokinase) between children with
movement disorders (tic and tourett's
disorders pediatric autoimmune psychiatric disorders) and healthy control.
Methods: A cross sectional/ cases control study in pediatric
neuropsychology ward and clinics in two referral hospitals (Rasoul & Aliasghar)
affiliated by IUMS had done in Tehran, Iran (2008-2010). We
selected 53 children with tic disorder and 76 healthy controls (age matched children). The antibody
titers (IU/ml) in their area were compared and analyzed statistically. The area
under ROC, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of tests
calculated.
Results: Age of cases was between 4-16 years. All
antibody titers had significant difference between two groups (p<0.0001 p=0.05 p=0.002 for ASOT, Anti-DNase and Antihyaloronidase
respectively). ASOT (cut off level>
200IU/ml) had 75% sensitivity 84% specificity
and 80%
PPV
Anti- streptokinase (cut off level> 332IU/ml) had 34% sensitivity 85% specificity, and 90% PPV Anti-DNase (cut off level>
140IU/ml) had 70% sensitivity 99% specificity
and PPV 90%.
Conclusion: Patients with tic disorder had a significant high
antibody titer against streptococcal infection in comparison with healthy
children. It presents possible role for streptococcal infection in tic
disorders. Treatment of streptococcal infection is achievable by using of long
acting Penicillin in our country. Use of aggressive treatment like
plasmaphresis etc needs future RCT studies.
Alireza Eskandarifar, Zahra Taherkhani, Soleiman Mohammadzadeh , Rama Naghshizadian, Khaled Rahmani,
Volume 83, Issue 5 (8-2025)
Abstract
Background: Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) is a common and distressing childhood disorder characterized by involuntary urination during sleep after the age when bladder control is normally achieved. It affects not only the child’s quality of life but also family dynamics and social relationships. Previous studies have suggested a possible link between PNE and psychological or behavioral problems, yet findings have been inconsistent across populations. The present study aimed to investigate and compare the prevalence and patterns of psychiatric disorders among children with primary nocturnal enuresis and healthy controls in Sanandaj, Iran.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Sanandaj from October 2024 to April 2025. The study population included children referred to the Medical, Educational, and Therapeutic Center of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. A total of 228 participants were enrolled, comprising 108 children diagnosed with primary nocturnal enuresis and 120 age- and sex-matched healthy controls selected through convenient sampling. Psychiatric assessments were performed using the parent version of the Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4) questionnaire, which evaluates a wide range of childhood behavioral and emotional disorders based on DSM-IV criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata version 18, and comparisons between groups were made using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Children with primary nocturnal enuresis had significantly higher frequencies of attention deficit disorder (ADD), hyperactivity disorder (HD), attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and tic disorder compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast, the prevalence of phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) was slightly higher in the control group. No statistically significant difference was found regarding post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) between the two groups.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that primary nocturnal enuresis may serve as an indicator of increased vulnerability to certain psychiatric disorders in childhood. Early recognition and psychological evaluation of children with enuresis are recommended to improve long-term outcomes and mental well-being.
