Showing 8 results for Vaccination
Behtash N, Karimizarchi M,
Volume 64, Issue 12 (11-2006)
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common gynecologic cancer. A steady 70% annual decline in mortality from cervical cancers has been observed since the mid 20th century after the introduction of widespread papanicolaou cytological screening. But also cervical cancer continues to be an important world health problem for women. Cervical cancer is one of the best- understood neoplasm given its well known viral cause of persistent infection with high risk human papillomavirus (HPV). To date, two manufacturers have developed HPV vaccines composed of noninfectious, recombinant HPV viral-like particles (VLPs). This article presents current advances and perspectives on HPV vaccines.The vaccine is administered by intramuscular injection, and the recommended schedule is a 3-dose series with the second and third doses administered 2 and 6 months after the first dose. The recommended age for vaccination of females is 11-12 years. Vaccine can be administered as young as age 9 years. Catch-up vaccination is recommended for females aged 13--26 years who have not been previously vaccinated. Vaccination is not a substitute for routine cervical cancer screening, and vaccinated females should have cervical cancer screening as recommended.
Kashi Ah, Yadyad Mj, Hajiabdolbaghi M, Jafari S,
Volume 66, Issue 9 (12-2008)
Abstract
Background: Behavioral Consultation Centers are the main organizations responsible for providing HIV/AIDS patients with services according to the Iranian Ministry of Health guidelines. In this study we assessed provision of these supposed services to Iranian HIV/AIDS patients referring to Behavioral Consultation Centers.
Methods: One hundred seventy one clinical files were selected by systematic random sampling from the files of all new HIV/AIDS patients accepted at Imam Khomeini behavioral consultation center who were registered during 2005-2006 and were followed for at least six months. Data were extracted from files and included consultation, vaccination, laboratory and treatment services.
Results: Family planning and HIV prevention methods consultation were performed for 32.5% and 2.29% of patients respectively. CD4 count was done for 69% of patients. 65.6% of patients who needed anti-retroviral treatment were given medication. Hepatitis B and Td vaccination were done for 21.7% and 3.5% of patients respectively. Coverage of pneumococal and influenza vaccinations was less than 5%. 79.5% of patients who needs tuberculosis prophylaxis were given medication. TB case finding was 14% during one year and the cure rate for patients under anti TB treatment were 95.8%.
Conclusion: Coverage of consultations and vaccination services are very low. Antiretroviral therapy coverage is intermediate. TB case finding and its cure rate are appropriate.
Bahari A, Izadi Sh, Adibi P, Sanee-Moghadam E, Khosravi H, Shahraki T,
Volume 69, Issue 4 (7-2011)
Abstract
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Background: With respect to the importance of hepatitis B
vaccination of high-risk groups such as prisoners, this study was performed to assess
the comparability of a short-course double-dose vaccination schedule with the
standard 3-dose schedule.
Methods : Within a randomized clinical trial, a short-course vaccination (at months 0
and 1) with 20
microgram (double-dose) doses of the vaccine was compared to the standard
method of hepatitis B vaccination (at
months 0, 1 and 6,
with 10-microgram doses) in 100
prisoners in Zahedan city in Iran in 2009.
We made sure the sera from all the individuals were negative for markers of
previous hepatitis B infection. Subsequently
serum from all the participants was tested for anti-HBs
antibody 1, 2 and 7
months after the first dose of vaccination.
Results : Seroconversion rates (HBsAb>10
mIU/ml) 1, 2
and 7 months after the first dose of vaccination
were similar in the routine (11%, 79% and 94%,
respectively) relative to the double-dose group (26%, 95% and
93 %, respectively). The mean values of anti-HBs
antibody titers were similar in the 1st and 2nd
months for the two groups but it was significantly higher (P=0.002)
in the routine dose (514 mIU/ml)
versus the double-dose group (130 mIU/mL),
in the 7th month.
Conclusion: Demonstrating
comparable results with the standard 3-dose
schedule, it seems that short-term double-dose vaccination for hepatitis B is
a safe and acceptable method for use in high-risk groups such as prisoners.
Marjan Ghazisaeedi, Abbas Sheikhtaheri, Bahar Allahverdi, Bahareh Azizi,
Volume 74, Issue 6 (9-2016)
Abstract
Background: Most problems related to quality of care and patient safety are related to human negligence. One of the causes of these problems is forgetting to do something. This problem can be avoided with information technology in many cases. Some forgotten are very important. Among these is failure to comply with vaccination schedule by parents that can result in inappropriate outcomes. In this study, we developed and evaluated a SMS reminder system for regular and timely vaccination of children.
Methods: In this developmental-applied research, firstly, a child vaccination reminder system was designed and implemented to help parents reduce the forgetfulness. This system based on the child's vaccination history and the date of birth, offer time and type of future vaccines. Then the parents of 27 children, that their vaccination was between 22 June and 21 August 2015, referred to Children's Medical Center, were sent text messages by using this system. We evaluated the accuracy of the system logic by using some scenarios. In addition, we evaluated parents' satisfaction with the system using a questionnaire.
Results: In all cases but one, the system proposed the type and date of future children vaccines correctly. All the parents who have received text messages had good perception and satisfaction on the majority of questions (total mean score of 4.15 out of 5). Most parents (4.92 out of 5) stated that using the system to remind their visit for child immunization was helpful and willing to offer the system to their friends and other families.
Conclusion: Using the short message system is beneficial for parents to remind their children’s vaccination time and increases their satisfaction. So, it can be considered as an important and essential tool in providing healthcare services. SMS is an easy, cheap and effective way to improve the quality of care services.
Nazgol Malekzadeh , Faezeh Kabiri , Roghaye Ahangari ,
Volume 76, Issue 11 (2-2019)
Abstract
Background: Papilloma viruses are pathogenic double-strand DNA viruses that genotypes 16 and 18 are the cause of more than 50 percent of cancers as cervical cancer. Although vaccination is one of the best options for the papilloma cancer prevention but that is the most of world healthy problem, it is attempted to evaluate both naloxone (NLX) and alum mixture used as adjuvants together with HPV16 E7d vaccine to change the tumor microenvironment for the benefit of the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of naloxone and alum mixture as adjuvants in HPV16 E7d vaccine on C57BL/6 female mouse in tumor microenvironment.
Methods: This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional study type, which was conducted on 80 case of C57BL/6 female mouse in Pasteur institute of Iran, Tehran over a period of six months in 2016. In this study, mice were vaccinated with dose of vaccine containing naloxone and alum mixture and alum as adjuvants and proper phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as control groups are considered. Tumor bearing mouse vaccinated by vaccine containing naloxone and alum mixture as adjuvants and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as control group. Tumor model created through surgery and then tumor measurement done, the homogenate was created and protein concentration measured by Bradford system. Finally, assessment of IL-17, IL-4, IFN-γ and TGF-β cytokines concentration were performed by capture ELISA kit (mybiosource company) according to the company manual.
Results: It was observed that utilization of naloxone and alum mixture as adjuvant in the HPV16-E7d vaccine formulation significant reduction in the tumor growth (P≤0.0001) and reinforced meaningfully the cellular immunity reaction in tumor microenvironment.
Conclusion: The results of our study show that vaccine formulated with the naloxone and alum mixture as adjuvant in the HPV16-E7d vaccine increase the cellular immunity reaction on C57BL/6 female mouse in tumor microenvironment compared to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) control group in this new formulation as a papilloma viruses vaccine on C57BL/6 female mouse.
Sahar Seddiq, Fatemeh Khalili , Asghar Abdoli, Fatemeh Azarkish, Kamal Abdolmohammadi ,
Volume 80, Issue 3 (6-2022)
Abstract
According to the official statistics of the World Health Organization (WHO), cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women after breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says all women have the chance to get the disease, and women over the age of 30 are more likely to get it. However, this cancer is a types of cancer that can be prevented through vaccination. This study aimed to investigate the role of vaccines in the prevention of cervical cancer. In this review study, articles published between 2016-2022 from PubMed, SID, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were examined. Keywords Papilloma vaccine and cervical cancer in Persian sources and HPV vaccine and Cervical Cancer in English sources were used. The subject search was also performed using MeSH medical subject headings and through the Pubmed database. Vaccination against human papillomavirus is the most cost-effective public health measure against cervical cancer. In many developed and developing countries, serious programs are underway for HPV vaccination and screening for cervical cancer. In most countries, HPV vaccination has been added to their mandatory immunization programs, effectively reducing the incidence of cervical infections and cancers. In countries where vaccination is not complete, health education and screening programs such as PAP smears every 2 years for all women and every year for those with high cancer risk or abnormal smears, have been consolidated. HPV vaccination is highly effective and has been added to immunization programs in many countries. Nowadays, three types of vaccines have been presented, of which the 9-valent Gardasil vaccine is more effective than the other two types, but in terms of cost-effectiveness, the 4-valent Gardasil vaccine is more suggested. Due to the high prevalence of cervical cancer in Iran, it is suggested that the HPV vaccine be used, screening tests be optimized and performed on a regular basis, and ways to prevent cervical cancer be taught.
Nazanin Razazian, Mohammad-Ali Sahraian, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Nooshin Jafari, Mansour Rezaei, Negin Fakhri,
Volume 80, Issue 6 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background: People with chronic diseases of the immune system, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), are at risk for Covid-19 disease. However, more research is needed with long-term follow-up. The aim of the study was to follow up people with MS (PwMS) for up to three months after AstraZeneca vaccination for the recurrence of MS and Covid-19 infection.
Methods: This study was a case study (descriptive-analytical) of follow-up type. The study population was PwMS over 18 years of age in Kermanshah province who received both doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine. This study was conducted from August to November 2021. Sampling was done with existing methods based on the National MS Registry of Iran (NMSRI). Demographic information of patients was extracted from NMSRI. A researcher-made form was used to collect information by telephone three months after vaccination about clinical characteristics, Covid-19 infection, and recurrence of MS. Data were analyzed using SPSS-25 software.
Results: Study participants were 40 MS patients with a mean (SD) age of 39.27 (8.8) years, including 32 (80.0%) women. A mean of 9.39 (4.6) years had passed since The patients were diagnosed with MS, and 29 (76.4%) had RR type MS. Four patients (10%) relapsed between the second dose and three months later, of whom two (50%) had sensory symptoms, one (25%) had optic nerve involvement, and one (25%) had motor symptoms and pyramidal pathway involvement. The symptoms of Covid-19 were mild in three patients (10%), while severe symptoms developed in one patient (10%) who received rituximab. Among the patients, no cases of thrombosis were observed. Infusion therapy, a leg fracture, and kidney stones were the only hospitalized cases.
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Conclusion: Covid-19 and MS relapse prevalence did not differ significantly in the three months before and after vaccination. There is a need for further studies with a longer follow-up period.
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Fatemeh Saeedi, Mahdieh Zaki Zade , Mohammadbagher Sohrabi , Mostafa Enayat Rad , Sina Habib Zade , Mansooreh Fateh,
Volume 81, Issue 7 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background: With a national vaccination program, we have achieved success in the prevention of infectious diseases in the community especially in children. Despite this great success, the side effects of vaccination may not encourage some people in the community to get vaccinated. In this study, we investigate the prevalence of common side effects of vaccination in Shahrood city.
Methods: This study investigated the incidence of complications caused by vaccination in infants and children under seven years old in Shahrood city in a 5-year period from April 2016 to March 2020. We collected demographic and clinical information, by referring to the health centers and complications recorded after routine vaccinations such as fever, rash, diarrhea, swelling and other complications of vaccination were collected.
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Results: Findings Among the 429 registered complications between 2016 and 2020, most complications were related to pentavalent and trivalent vaccines. Among the registered complications, high fever is the most common complication in both term and pre-term groups. (202 cases, 47.1%) other complications included maculopapular rash (59 cases), mild local complications (55 cases), vomiting (41 cases), and continuous screaming (36 cases), respectively. Among these, 123 cases were resolved without treatment, 297 cases were resolved with drug treatment on an outpatient basis, and only eight cases required hospitalization.
Conclusion: In general, the vaccination program is highly effective despite having limited side effects. Knowing this information, can increase vaccination in the country.
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