Showing 44 results for Weight
Goshtasbi Nasab A, Majlesi F, Rahimi A,
Volume 59, Issue 5 (9-2001)
Abstract
The newborn's weight at birth is an important measure for newborn's health in all communities. Among developed countries, 70 percent of low birth weight (LBW) newborns are preterm. The corresponding figure for undeveloped countries is only 30 percent, there are also evidence of intra-uterine growth retardation among these countries. Among effective factors on LBW, maternal related factors have important role in promotion and improvement of infants and mother's health. This study is a descriptive-analytic one and was conducted cross-sectionally through a questionnair. The study population determined by simple random sampling from newborns under coverage of urban health centers in Kohgiloye and Boyerahmad province. Necessary data collected from existing medical and health records filed in the health centers. Among 285 newborns, 88.4 percent considered with normal weight, 4 percent with IBW and 11.6 percent with more than normal weight. 7.4 percent of cases were immature. 85.3 percent of the mothers in study population were in immune range of age for pregnancy and 7.6 percent of them were illiterate. Except the sex of newborn (P=0.0008) and gestational age at birth (P<0.001) none of the variables demonstrated a significant statistical relation with the birth weight. The results of this study confirm other research's findings and reveal that with improving material factors such as mother's age, employment and literacy, the factors which are effective on birth weight, will be dependent on physiological factors such as sex of newborn and gestational age at birth.
Davari Tanha F, Poor Matrood E, Kaveh M, Yarandi F, Khademi Afsaneh, Hantoosh Zadeh S, Eftekhar Z,
Volume 63, Issue 4 (7-2005)
Abstract
Background: We conducted this study To find relationship between maternal glucose challenge test (GCT) levels and fetal body weight (BW).
Materials and Methods: We analyzed five hundred women with singleton pregnancy, who had GCT at 24-28 week during pregnancy. All of them had no history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus or other medical disease before pregnancy or during previous pregnancy, and all of them had weight gain appropriate with their pre pregnancy body mass index (BMI). Also nobody had history of drug abuse or smoking. In this descriptive–analytic survey, maternal age, gravidity, BMI,GCT level ,gestational age (GA) , sex of neonate, rout of delivery , newborn weight and apgar score were evaluated .The student’s T-test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. We used Pearson coefficient and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and chi-square test for determination GCT threshold.
Results: We found rate of small for gestational age (SGA) in newborns statistically was significant, who their maternal GCT level was ≤ 80mg/dl, P value: 0/018, specificity 89%, sensitivity 58% and confidence interval: 95% (0/162-0/545).
Conclusion: Low GCT level has association with SGA and can be used as a predictive test and may be an indication for dietary intervention.
A Akbarzadeh Bagheban, G Babaei, A Kazemnejad, S Faghihzadeh, F Baradaran Anaraki, Z Elahipanah,
Volume 64, Issue 3 (5-2006)
Abstract
Background: Intra-rater agreement in observing and decision making in diagnosis of any disease is of great importance.This investigation is to observe and read ultrasound pictures of ovarian cysts and distinguish its category for any radiologist. Distinguishability is one of the related entities in this matter and radiologists&apos ability in correct diagnosis is of great concern. In this study, we evaluated radiologist’s distinguishability of ordered categories of ovarian cyst diseases (benign, borderline and malignant) in ultrasonography. To do this, we measured intra-rater agreement of radiologists by Weighted Kappa coefficient, and then by the help of “square scores association model” and “agreement plus square scores association model” we evaluated their distinguishability in diagnosis of the severity of the ovarian cyst’s diseases.
Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, two radiologists and three radiology residents assessed ultrasounds of 40 patients separately and independently in two periods (with the interval of one week). Patients selected from those who were referred to Mirza Koochak Khan Hospital in January 2005. Ultrasounds were performed by an expert radiologist and by a single apparatus.
Result: Data from radiologists was evaluated by “square scores association model” due to their superior results of distinguishability. Mean of Weighted Kappa coefficient was 0.81 and intra-rater agreement was 0.99 for our radiologists, but due to weaker results of our residents, we used “agreement plus square scores association model” for analyzing and mean of Weighted Kappa coefficient was 0.65 and intra-rater agreement was 0.97 for them.
Conclusion: Although radiologists had a better function than their residents, all of them showed appropriate distinguishability and intra-rater agreement in diagnosis and categorizing of the ovarian cyst’s disease. To distinguish benign category from borderline was more difficult than to distinguish malignant category from borderline and radiologists showed better results in this than their residents did.
Milani Sm,
Volume 65, Issue 2 (3-2008)
Abstract
Background: To identify the clinical manifestations and mortality rate among neonates with early- and late-onset sepsis.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records in Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences of 104 neonates (50 females and 54 males) diagnosed with septicemia and treated from September 1994 to August 1995. Diagnosis of septicemia was based on standard criteria. According to the time of onset of disease, there were 50 neonate with early-onset and 54 with late-onset septicemia.
Results: Of the clinical signs in the 104 patients, respiratory signs were found in 31 patients, poor feeding in 57, jaundice in 42, apnea in 25 and hyporeflexia in 25. Blood cultures were positive in 31 (34.8%) of the neonates: the most common species isolated was Staphylococcus aureus with eight cases, while five had Staphylococcus epidermidis, all of whom had a single species of bacterium isolated. Seventy-three (70%) had normal birth weights (equal to or heavier than 2500 g) and 31 (30%) were classified as low birth weight (birth weight less than 2500 g). Cerebrospinal fluid culture was positive in four (6%) of the patients, including one case of Escherichia coli, one Salmonella typhi, one Klebsiella, and one Staphylococcus aureus. The frequency of infection in male and female infants was 53% and 47%, respectively. Among the infants with early-onset sepsis, 16 (32%) were low birth weight. Overall, the mortality rate among these patients was 30%, including 18 out of the 50 with early onset and 14 out of the 54 with late onset sepsis. Of these infants, 23 had meningitis, including 13 (26%) with early-onset sepsis and 10 (9.6%) with late-onset sepsis. Among the low birth weight infants, the mortality rate was higher (42%) than that of the infants with normal birth weight (26%).
Conclusion: Because of the high mortality rate among low birth weight neonates with sepsis, we suggest that this group of patients should receive more care and there should be greater effort to ensure that they are treated with the appropriate antibiotics. Furthermore, all healthcare givers responsible for the management of neonates with sepsis should receive additional continuing education courses to ensure that they are aware of the risks, complications and mortality rate among these patients.
Niroomand N, Davari Tanha F, Kaveh M,
Volume 65, Issue 4 (7-2007)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this survey was to evaluate the prevalence of some perinatal complications in birth weight discordance (BWD) among twin pregnancies.
Methods: In a descriptive analytical cross-sectional study, 490 twin neonates (245 twin pregnancies) born at Mirzakoochakkhan Hospital from 1999 to 2003 were evaluated. Maternal and neonatal data of each delivery were collected for BWD, gestational age, maternal age, parity, infant gender, neonatal death, neonatal septicemia, mode of delivery, hyperbilirubinemia, blood transfusion and duration of hospitalization.
Results: The average age of the mothers was 26±4.78 years, of which 51.8% were nullipara. The average gestational age was 35.02±2.73 weeks, with 15.9% before 32 weeks of gestation. The neonatal death rate was 7.8%, the majority of which involved male neonates and multiparas. The average duration of hospitalization was 6.07±4.45 days, 8.5 days for those twins with BWD≥20%, and longer (9.14 days) for neonates with mothers younger than 20 years old. Septicemia was most frequent (31.3%) in twins with BWD of 30-34%, as was hyperbilirubinemia requiring blood transfusion (25%). Hyperbilirubinemia was more common in neonates with mothers aged less than 20 years and more than 35 years..
Conclusions: BWD in twins is a predictive factor for septicemia and hyperbilirubinemia requiring transfusion. Therefore, healthcare workers and hospital wards dealing with twins with BWD should be especially ready and equipped to provide the additional care needed for these patients.
Zandparsa A F, Jafari H, Tabatabai Gh,
Volume 65, Issue 6 (9-2007)
Abstract
Background: Despite the overwhelming progress that has been accomplished in the prevention of mortality due to cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the world.
The aim of this study was to compare of the effects of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin (UFH) on major clinical events, including mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and recurrent angina, as well as bleeding in patients with non ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS). We also studied the need for coronary angiography and revascularization (PCI or CABG) in these patients.
Method: Two-hundred patients were enrolled in this study, 100 of whom received intravenous UFH (an initial bolus of 5000 U followed by continuous infusion of 1000 U/h) and 100 received enoxaparin subcutaneous injections of 1mg/kg twice daily for a minimum of 72 h. During their admission we recorded data regarding death, MI, recurrent angina, need for angiography and revascularization, and major and minor bleeding.
Results: The incidence of recurrent angina, total mortality and the need for revascularization were significantly lower in patients receiving enoxaparin compared to those receiving UFH, at 17% vs. 39% (p=0.002), 0% vs. 3% (p=0.035), 14% vs. 33% (p=0.001), respectively. However, there was no significant difference regarding the incidence of MI, major bleeding and cardiac death between the two groups.
Conclusions: This study showed that, in patients with NSTEACS, enoxaparin was superior to UFH regarding the prevention of major in-hospital clinical events, especially recurrent angina and the need for revascularization. We therefore recommend enoxaparin as an alternative antithrombotic agent to UFH in patients with NSTEACS.
Golmohammadi T, Ansari M, Nikzamir A, Safary R, Elahi S,
Volume 65, Issue 8 (11-2007)
Abstract
Background: Lead poisoning has proven to be one of the most important environmental health problems among developing countries with both direct and indirect effects on human life. Lead is known to cross the blood-brain barrier and placenta, and accumulates in soft and hard tissues. Lead can be excreted in urine, stool, milk, sweat, nails and saliva. During pregnancy and lactation, lead is released from bones into the blood along with Ca2+. The toxic effects of lead on various human tissues have been studied extensively, but few studies have addressed its impact on fetal development during pregnancy. Blood levels of lead are higher in people living in lead-polluted regions. It has been reported that Tehran (central and southern parts) is the most problematic city in terms of lead poisoning.
Methods: From 86 sets of mothers and newborns in a non-polluted area of rural Rasht, Iran, we examined specimens of maternal blood, cord blood and colostrum (86×3=258) and specimens from 85 sets of mothers and newborns in a polluted area of Tehran, Iran (85×3=255) for lead levels using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and analyzed the results by t-test, SPSS, and linear regression.
Results: The mean blood lead concentrations of mothers, cord blood of newborns and colostrum were 7.6±4.1, 5.9±3 and 4.2±2.5 μg/dl, respectively, in the non-polluted area and 9.1±8.4, 6.5±5.2 and 5.8±5.5 μg/dl, respectively, in the polluted area. The mean weights of the newborns in non-polluted and polluted areas were 3.2±0.5 kg and 3.2±4.5 kg, respectively.
Conclusions: Our data revealed an association between mean concentrations in blood lead of mothers and newborns and between mean concentrations of colostrum lead and newborn blood lead in both areas (p=0.01). There was no association between mean blood lead concentration of mothers with the weight of their newborns (p=0.89).
Nayeri F, Kheradpisheh N, Shariat M, Akbari Asbagh P,
Volume 67, Issue 4 (7-2009)
Abstract
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Background: Low-birth-weight (LBW) children are at
higher risk for failure to thrive. The aim of the study was to establish the
trend of physical growth in Until now their growth
was evaluated with normal birth weight baby's chart.
Methods: In this cohort study we investigated demographic characteristics and growth
trend during the first of life 406 newborn divided into
three groups: LBW (Low
Birth Weight)
n=103, VlBW
(Very Low
Birth Weight)
n=20 and NBW
(Normal Birth
Weight) n=303.
Body weight, length and head circumference were measured at the time of birth
and several follow ups until 12 months of
chronological age.
Results: NBW growth trend adopts the standard chart. Significant
differences in terms of physical growth (weight- height- head circumference)
were seen between the two groups of preterm (LBW & VLBW)
and NBW children. Although
it was demonstrated that growth velocity of preterm &
NBW children were the same. Significant differences for weight was seen
between VLBW and LBW
group only until 6 months after birth. This
difference was seen for height and Head circumference until the end of the
first year of life.
Conclusions: VLBW
and LBW babies need special growth charts. But
the adjustment method of anthropometric traits to gestational age may be useful
to evaluate LBW baby's growth.
Farin Soleimani , Hossein Sourtiji ,
Volume 67, Issue 6 (9-2009)
Abstract
Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of nonprogressive motor impairment syndromes with potentially different risk factors and causal pathways which is caused by damage in the very young brain. The etiology of CP is mostly unknown and the prevalence has not decreased in comparison to past decades, although many advances have occurred in obstetric and neonatal care. In fact, it seems that the prevalence might have even increased in term infants. The aim of this study was the evaluation of cerebral palsy risk factors in Iran to compare them with other countries.
Methods: In this case-control study, all one to six years old children who were referred to a rehabilitation center from Shahid Beheshti child-health-care centers during the years 2007–2008, with documented cerebral palsy for evaluation of perinatal and neonatal risk factors were enrolled in the study, with matched controls.
Results: 112 in the case and 113 in the control group were studied. The main factors associated with CP, were: preterm delivery, neonatal and postnatal seizures, Apgar score of zero to three at twentieth minute after birth, low birth weight, and multiple gestations. The majority of infants with CP were born at term and only 37.8% before 37 weeks.
Conclusions: Preterm birth, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and low birth weight were the independent predictors of CP in this population.
Rashidlamir A, Hashemi Javaheri A, Jaafari M,
Volume 68, Issue 12 (3-2011)
Abstract
Background: Coronary heart disease is one of the most common causes of death in developed
countries. Fibrinogen and resistin are two inflammatory markers used for atherosclerosis risk prediction. The aim of this study was to examine the
effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise on the concentrations of fibrinogen and resistin in healthy overweight middle-aged men.
Methods: Thirty inactive middle-aged men with a body mass index of 25-30
were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. The participants in the experimental group, accomplished eight weeks (3
sessions per week, of aerobic exercise with an intensity of 50-70% of their maximum heart rate while the control group remained sedentary. Weight,
body fat percentage, fibrinogen and resistin levels of the participants were measured 48 hours before the first and after the last training sessions. The obtained data were analyzed using Independent Samples T-tests.
Results: There were significant reductions in weight, body mass index, body fat percentage and fibrinogen and a significant elevation in resistin concentration in the experimental group (p<0.05) upon the
exercises relative to the control group.
Conclusion: It seems that eight weeks of regular aerobic exercise could reduce risks of
myocardial infarction and improve the health status of overweight middle-aged men through reduction of weight, body fat and fibrinogen and elevation of
resistin concentrations. Elevation of resistin concentration can be a sign of increased antioxidant defense mechanism.
Sadeghi R, Rabiee M, Saderi H, Jafari M,
Volume 69, Issue 1 (4-2011)
Abstract
Background: Many studies have shown that periodontal pathogens are emerging as a risk factor for preterm delivery and low birth weight, but there are few studies about the relationship between other oral bacteria and pregnancy outcomes. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between salivary bacteria and pregnancy outcomes.
Methods: This cohort study was performed on 300 pregnant women who were recruited from the prenatal clinic of Zeynab Hospital in Tehran during 2009-2010. The
patients’ demographic and pregnancy data were recorded. Using samplers, saliva samples were collected about one hour after breakfast. Microbial evaluation was
performed by counting the bacteria based on their shape and the Gram reaction. The studied bacteria were composed of gram-positive and negative cocci, gram-positive and negative bacilli, spirilla, spirochetes, yeasts, fusiform bacteria and actinomycetes. Results: The data on the bacteriological profile and pregnancy outcome of 243 out of the 300 eligible participants of the study were completed. Five cases (2%) had intra uterine fetal death (IUFD) while 238 (98%) delivered live infants. There was a significant statistical relationship between the mean of gram-negative cocci and IUFD (P=0.04). 10 cases (4.1%) of 243, experienced adverse delivery outcomes and 233 cases (95%) had normal delivery. The adverse pregnancy outcomes had a significant relationship with the presence of spirochetes in saliva (P<0.05) but this relationship was not true for the other bacteria. Conclusion: Some oral bacteria may pose a risk for premature deliveries and low birth weights.
Saidijam M, Khanahmad Shahreza H, Rikhtegaran Tehrani Z, Karimizare S, Shabab N, Behdani M,
Volume 69, Issue 2 (5-2011)
Abstract
Background: Molecular DNA markers are one of the most important tools in molecular biology labs. The size of DNA molecules is determined by comparing them with known bands of markers during gel electrophoresis. There are many different protocols to produce these kinds of molecular markers. In this study we have suggested an efficient strategy to produce molecular weight markers in industrial proportions.
Methods: To achieve the desired sizes of DNA fragments, a combination of two previously known methods, restriction enzyme digestion and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were used. The enzymatic digestion process was based on designing and
constructing plasmids which equaled in size with the desired length of DNA fragments
and produced the desired DNA fragment upon linearization. In the PCR method, the desired length of DNA fragments were cloned in multiple cloning sites of pTZ57R plasmid and in a PCR reaction, the new constructed plasmid was used as a template to produce the final fragment.
Results: Upon application of this strategy, 2000 and 3000 bp DNA fragments were produced by enzymatic digestion of plasmids of the same size. Moreover, 100 to 1500 bp fragments were produced during PCR using only a set of forward and reverse
primers at the flanking region of pTZ57R multiple cloning site.
Conclusion: The highest advantage of this cost-benefit approach is to produce different types of molecular weight markers by using an effective and short protocol
Akbarzadeh Baghban A, Jambarsang S, Pezeshk H, Nayeri F,
Volume 70, Issue 5 (8-2012)
Abstract
Background: Hypothermia is an important determinant of survival in newborns, especially among
low-birth-weight ones. Prolonged hypothermia leads to edema, generalized hemorrhage, jaundice and ultimately death. This study was undertaken to examine
the factors affecting transition from hypothermic state in neonates.
Methods: The study consisted
of 439 neonates hospitalized in NICU of Valiasr in Tehran, Iran in 2005. The neonates' rectal temperature was measured immediately after birth and every 30 minutes afterwards, until neonates passed hypothermia stages. In order to estimate the rate of transition from neonatal hypothermic state, we used multi-state Markov models with two covariates, birth weight and environmental temperature. We also used R package to fit the model.
Results: Estimated transition rates from severe hypothermia and mild hypothermia were 0.1192 and 0.0549 per minute,
respectively. Weight had a significant effect on transition from hypothermia to normal condition (95% CI: 0.1364-0.4165, P<0.001). Environmental
temperature significantly affected the transition from hypothermia to normal stage (95% CI: 0.0439-0.4963, P<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that neonates with normal weight and neonates in an environmental temperature greater than 28 °C had a higher transition rate from hypothermia stages. Since birth weight at the time of delivery is not under the control of medical staff, keeping the environmental
temperature in an optimum level could help neonates to pass through the hypothermiastages faster.
Sabeti M, Naser Moghadasi A, Aloosh M, Paknejad Sm, Toghae M,
Volume 70, Issue 7 (10-2012)
Abstract
Background: Finding an acute brain lesion by diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI upon an episode of transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a predictor of imminent stroke in the near future. Therefore, exploring risk factors associated with lesions in DW-MRI of the brain is important in adopting an approach to TIA management. In the current study, we tried to determine the risk factors associated with lesions in DW-MRI of the brain in patients experiencing TIA episodes.
Methods: Fifty patients with TIA were recruited consecutively in Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran, over a 6-month period between July 2008 and January 2009. All of the patients underwent a complete neurological examination and laboratory tests. Brain DW-MRIs were performed for all the patients within 72 hours of a TIA episode.
Results: DW-MRI revealed an acute lesion in 16% of the participants. There was a significant correlation between presence of an acute lesion in DW-MRI and TIA duration, history of diabetes mellitus and presence of unilateral facial palsy (P=0.0003, P=0.02 and P=0.008, respectively). Other variables such as age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, past history of TIA, headache, vertigo, and sensory or visual disturbances had no significant relation with the presence of an acute lesion in DW-MRI.
Conclusion: Duration of TIA, presence of diabetes mellitus and unilateral facial palsy are risk factors for an acute lesion in DW-MRI, meaning that patients with such risk factors are at risk for stroke in the near future.
Alizadeh Z, Younespour Sh, Mansournia Ma,
Volume 70, Issue 10 (1-2013)
Abstract
Background: Obesity and sedentary lifestyle are growing problem. The global community's concern is to find the best strategy to obtain a more efficient process of weight reduction, increase physical activity, and minimize weight regain level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of a short-term intervention on weight changes.
Methods: The present study is a one-year follow-up study of a 12-week intervention during which the 15 individuals in the intermittent group performed 40 minutes exercise in three bouts per day however, the 15 participants of the continuous group did the same but 40 minutes continuously. The 15 participants in the control group had no exercise prescription. After one year, weight changes, body fat percentage, and BMI were re-evaluated in the groups.
Results: After adjusting the baseline weight, patterns of change in the mean weights from the end of the third month to the twelfth month were different across groups (P=0.02). After significant weight loss in the intermittent group, the mean weight in this group increased by 2.32 kilograms during the period, although not statistically significant. No increase was observed in the control group’s mean weight (P=1.00). In the continuous group, the mean weight increased statistically (P=0.048, 3.63 kilograms).
Conclusion: It seems that long-term effects of moderate intensity intermittent aerobic exercise in overweight and obese women on weight control are more efficient than those of continuous exercise. However, for a change in lifestyle and prevention of weight regain, longer follow-ups are required.
Nasrin Niromand , Fereshteh Gharib Pour , Nasrin Moghadami , Farahnaz Sadat Ahmadi , Batool Ghorbani Yekta ,
Volume 71, Issue 5 (8-2013)
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have suggested that impaired fetal growth are indicators that may be present in the first trimester. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between crown-rump length (CRL) and pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) measurements in first trimester for low birth weight (LBW).
Methods: This prospective cohort study were on 120 pregnant women in first pregnan-cy trimester, in Women's Hospital Mirza Kochak Khan in 2011-2012. Gestational age according to crown-rump length and gestational age according to last menstrual period (LMP), neonatal weight, small for gestational age, pregnancy associated plasma protein-A and low birth weight were recorded. Main outcome measures was weight and gestational age at birth. Statistical tests used included descriptive statistics, t-test, χ² and all tests were two-tailed and differences with P<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.
Results: Our findings showed that a total of 120 cases were included CRL Z-score and log 10 (MOM PAPP-A) were positively correlated with fetal birth weight. The mean Crown-rump length Z-score was significantly can be reduced in LBW in first trimester pregnancy. (P<0.001) Mean PAPP-A in low birth weight was (0.4±0.11 MOM), but in normal weight infants was (1.04±0.7 MOM). (P=0.011) also mean PAPP-A in pregnant women with SGA infants is significantly less than other pregnant women (0.5±0.2 versus 1.1±0.7) (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Our data suggest that crown-rump length and maternal levels of PAPP-A measured during the first trimester are independent factors that influence fetal birth weight. But their predictive powers are not sufficiently good for them to be used alone for low birth weight screening.
Mahyar Ghafoori , Maryam Alizadeh , Jalil Kuhpayehzade ,
Volume 71, Issue 6 (9-2013)
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of death and is the most common cause of cancer in elderly men. Regarding to the low accuracy of screening methods such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) and trans rectal ultrasound (TRUS) in detection and localization of tumor, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) attracted many attentions in the past years. DWI reveals micro-molecular diffusion, which is the Brownian motion of the spins in biologic tissues. This technique can delineate pathologic lesions with high tissue contrast against generally suppressed background signal. In this paper, the value of DWI in detection of prostate cancer is studied.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the studied population are suspicious patients to prostate cancer based on high Prostatic Specific Antigen level or abnormal Digital Rectal Examination who refered for prostate biopsy to radiology department of Hazrat-e- Rasoul Hospital during the year 2011. The results of DWI are compared to biopsy results for all patients.
Results: Eighty five patients are selected. The DWI sensitivity in detecting of prostate cancer is 100%, specificity 97.1% and positive and negative predictive values are 89.5% and 100%, respectively. The results showed that if DWI reports the prostate cancer as negative, the result was highly reliable and if it reports as positive, although the report was not 100% reliable, but it still had high reliability, more than 90%.
Conclusion: DWI had high accuracy in detecting prostate cancer for patients with cancer. Also the accuracy of this method for patients without prostate cancer was acceptable compared to the other common methods.
Farin Soleimani, Farzaneh Zaheri, Fatemeh Abdi,
Volume 71, Issue 9 (12-2013)
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth are one the most important causes of death in the world and therefore are considered as one of the major health problems. Global statistics demonstrates an increase in the prevalence of low birth weight in the developing countries. Low birth weight infants are exposed to complications such as major neurosensory impairements, cerebral palsy, cognitive and language delays, neuromotor developmental delay, blindness and hearing loss, behavioral and psychosocial disorders, learning difficulties and dysfunction in scholastic performances. The majority of infant's death and developmental disorders were due to disorders relating to prematurity and unspecified low birth weight. Infants weighing less than 2500 g, is a major determinant of both neonatal and infant mortality rates and, together with congenital anomalies (e.g., cardiac, central nervous system, and respiratory), contributes significantly to childhood morbidity. Various studies indicate that low birth weight infants are suffering from physiological and psychosocial disabilities, two to three times more than the other children. At school age, preterm and low birth weight infants have poorer physical growth, cognitive function, and school performance. These disadvantages appear to persist into adulthood and therefore have broad implications for society. Although the survival rates have increased dramatically and the incidence of morbidities has decreased, the complications are still considered to be associated with economical and social burdens. Most children with Low birth weight suffer from multiple disabilities. Therefore, they need special and consistent care. On demand of reducing the infant mortality rate, the need to decrease the complications in low birth weight and preterm infants should be considered by the policy makers in health care system. In this review article, we assessed current evidences on developmental outcomes of low birth weight and preterm newborns.
Elaheh Amini , Bita Ebrahim , Paideh Dehghan , Mohadeseh Fallahi , Samaneh Sedghi , Fereshteh Amini , Mamak Shariat ,
Volume 71, Issue 10 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background: Improvement of growth, nutrition and calories intake in neonates is derived by massage.
Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trials settled in Vali-e-Asr Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) ward in 2012. The control group consisted of 19 infants who were not massaged on them. 15 infants in the intervention group received massage therapy for 10 days, three times a day by trained massage theurapist. Massage last 15 minutes and was done one hour after feeding. Massages were done in 2-7 days neonates. Weight gain, intake calories and oral feeding were compared between studied groups. Data was registered in SPSS v.18 and was analyzed via compatible statistics tests.
Results: There were no significant different anthropometric measures at birth (weight-head circumferences and height) and gestational ages of delivery between two groups. Massages had no side effects on cases. Caloric intake at the end of 10 days (end of intervention) showed significant differences between the two groups (P=0.04). But no differences was shown for weight gain. Cases who received massage reached sooner to oral feeding but this difference was significant at 90% significance level (P=0.08).
Conclusion: After 10 days, massage therapy increases oral nutritional intake but to find more accurate details requires further studies to be planned.
Zahra Rahmani , Sedigheh Borna ,
Volume 72, Issue 10 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes can cause undesirable changes in structure of the placenta, re-sulting increase in size and weight of placenta. The aim of this study was, to investigate the placenta weight, size and birth weight of infants in pregnant women with controlled gestational diabetes compared with normal pregnancy.
Methods: This study was conducted from October, 2012 to February, 2014 in two dif-ferent hospitals, Valiasr and Shariati Hospitals in Tehran. Sixty-seven healthy singleton pregnant and 42 pregnant women with diabetes were selected during 26-28 weeks of gestational ages. Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed to evaluate blood glu-coses. Blood glucoses were controlled in diabetic cases very well. Length and width of the placentas were measured using ultrasonography during pregnancy. After termina-tion of pregnancy, placental weights were measured and recorded using weighting scale with 10 gram accuracy by someone who didn't know about diabetes status. Baby weights were measured after birth and initial stabilisation.
Results: In this study, there were no significant differences between gestational diabe-tes mellitus (GDM) and healthy groups in Body Mass Index (BMI) factors. There was no statistically significant differences between the mean weight of infants born with gestational diabetes and control groups. There were no statistically significant differ-ences between the mean placental weights between two groups. Ratio of the placental weights to the birth weights between the two groups were not statistically significant. The mean placental length, width and placenta length times by width in two groups had no significant differences, but the mean gravidities in healthy group was 1.7910 and in gestational diabetes mellitus was 1.9762 that are significantly different (P=0.0217). The mean parities respectively were 0.6567 and 0.8100 which was not sig-nificantly different (P=0.0183).
Conclusion: The present study has shown there was no significant differences between fetal and placental weights in normal pregnancies and women with controlled gesta-tional diabetes.
