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Zafarghandi N, Torkestani F, Hadavand Sh, Zaeri F, Jalilnejad H,
Volume 64, Issue 11 (10-2006)
Volume 64, Issue 11 (10-2006)
Abstract
Background: Hysterectomy is a common surgery as treatment for chronic and benign gynecologic problems. Eeach year more than half million women in USA undergo hysterectomy.
Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study, was done on 100 women who had underwent hysterectomy at least two years before the study and met inclusion criteria of study. During interview, the questionnaire were completed, then examination was done by gynecologist. Most of the information were collected from the patient’s files.
Results: In this study the most indication of hysterectomy was fibroma and the most common type surgery was total abdominal hysterectomy, and mostly were done without oophorectomy. 20% of cases were without or weak prior to operation and 80% with medium (or high) libido, after hysterectomy the figures changed to 41% and 59% respectively. After hysterectomy libido with P=0.001, frequency of coitus with P=0.001, and sexual satisfaction with P=0.013, significantly declined. Libido after hysterectomy declined with aging (P=0.01). There was no significant correlation between oophorectomy and libido.
Conclusion: Sexual function declines significantly after hysterectomy, with no association with oophorectomy and type of surgery.
Esmaillzadeh A, Azadbakht L,
Volume 66, Issue 6 (9-2008)
Volume 66, Issue 6 (9-2008)
Abstract
Background: Identification of the best screening measure for the risk of chronic disease is essential. This study aims to comparatively assess the ability of waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHpR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) to predict hypertension among women in Tehran.
Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional study, a representative sample of 926 adult women aged 40-60 years were selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Demographic data were collected and anthropometric measures including weight, height, WC and hip circumference were assessed according to a standard protocol. BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters. Cut-off points of 80 cm for waist circumference, 25kg/m2 for BMI, 0.87 for WHpR and 0.5 for WHtR were used. Blood pressure was measured and hypertension defined according to the sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 6).
Results: In this study, the mean age of women is 48.7±5.6 years. Mean WC, BMI, WHpR and WHtR are 85.1±9.9cm, 29.4±4.6kg/m2, 0.82±0.06 and 0.55±0.06, respectively. Although all anthropometric indicators have a significant association to hypertension, WC has the highest sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in predicting hypertension in both age groups of 40-50 and 50-60 years. This measure also has the greatest area under the ROC curve compared to other anthropometric measures: 0.70(0.69-0.71) for WC, 0.65(0.62-0.67) for BMI, 0.62(0.60-0.64) for WHpR and 0.65(0.63-0.67) for WHtR.
Conclusions: Among this group of women in Tehran, waist circumference is the best screening measure for hypertension. However, no data are available regarding similar patients who have emigrated thus similar studies on Iranian women who have emigrated are recommended.
Chamani-Tabriz L, Tehrani Mj, Zeraati H, Asgari S, Tarahomi M, Moini M, Ghasemi J,
Volume 66, Issue 7 (10-2008)
Volume 66, Issue 7 (10-2008)
Abstract
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Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study
was performed on 991 married women. The research material consisted of
questionnaires and urine samples, which were transported daily to Avesina
Research Institute, Tehran,
Iran, to
extract their DNA and prepare them for PCR tests. The gathered data were
analyzed by SPSS, version 13, and evaluated statistically by t-test, chi-square
test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression, considering p<0.05 as
significant.
Results: Of all the subjects, 127 (12.8%) were positive by PCR for C. trachomatis.
The mean age of the participants was 28.88±
6.19 years. Infection was more prevalent among
those with lower levels of education, who were employed and not pregnant. This
infection was more prevalent among those who were using contraception, especially
condoms. Reproductive history revealed that infection was more prevalent among
participants with a history of vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, infertility and
low birth-weight infants, and less prevalent among those with a history of abortion,
preterm delivery and ectopic pregnancy. However, these patterns were not statistically
significant.
Conclusion: In populations with C. trachomatis prevalences higher than 4%,
screening programs are recommended. Thus, Chlamydia screening should be part of the health care program in Iran to reduce the
burden of this disease.
Hadaegh F, Zabetian A, Tohidi M, Azizi F,
Volume 66, Issue 8 (11-2008)
Volume 66, Issue 8 (11-2008)
Abstract
Background: Although metabolic syndrome (METs) is receiving attention from physicians, data on the syndrome's association with coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Iranian population are limited. This study was designed to determine the association of different definitions of METs and its components with CHD.
Methods: Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze data from 5981 subjects aged ≥30 years. METs definitions by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) and the WHO for CHD were used in three models: model 1 an age adjusted model, model 2 adjusted for age, smoking status, premature history of CHD and LDL-cholesterol and model 3 adjusted for the mentioned variables plus the METs components.
Results: METs as delineated by all three definitions was associated with CHD in models 1 and 2. In model 2, METs was most closely associated with CHD in men, as defined by the WHO [2.3 (1.8-3)] and in women by the ATP III definition [1.6 (1.3-2)]. In model 3, METs lost its association with CHD. However, in men high fasting plasma glucose and high blood pressure plus obesity (by the WHO definition) and in women high blood pressure plus high waist circumference (by the ATP III definition), obesity and glucose domain (by the WHO definition) remained associated with CHD.
Conclusions: In Iranian men and women, all three definitions of METs were associated with CHD when considering the conventional risk factors. After further adjustments for the components of METs, none of these definitions showed an association with CHD and only high blood pressure correlated with CHD in both sexes for all definitions.
Dehghan Fm, Ghanbari Z, Frootan M, Kuhpayeh Zadeh J, Moshtaghi Z,
Volume 66, Issue 10 (1-2009)
Volume 66, Issue 10 (1-2009)
Abstract
Background: Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP), a common health problem in women, characterized by lower abdominal pain that has lasted at least for six months. Although, it's annual prevalence estimated 3.8 to 49%, there is no data in Iranian society. This study was aimed at gathering comprehensive and reliable data regarding the prevalence of CPP in female employees at two university hospitals in Tehran in 2006-2007.
Methods: A cross-Sectional study was conducted to determine the CPP prevalence on 303 volunteer females aged 19-63(34.7±9.2) years, working in two university hospitals, Tehran. A designed questionnaire with four parts containing questions regarding demographic information, gynecological, urinary and gastrointestinal symptoms was used. The ethical committee of the Shaheed Beheshti Medical University approved the study.
Results: The prevalence of present pelvic pain unrelated to menstrual cycle was 22.3% and totally 10.2% subjects suffered from CPP during the last 6-12 months. Our data showed a significant difference in prevalence of CPP between women with and without vaginal delivery (37% VS. 24 P=0.036%). There was a significant relationship between incomplete and hard defecation and occurrence of CPP (p<0.001). The prevalence of LBP & PPD in women with CPP was higher than women with no CPP (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Regarding to the prevalence of CPP and its relationship with gynecological, urinary, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal factors, we emphasize on a multidisciplinary approach for management of CPP, also recommend performing further community-based epidemiological studies.
Sourati Jabloo D, Attarzadeh Hosseini Sr, Sayadpour Zanjani D, Ahmadi A,
Volume 70, Issue 2 (5-2012)
Volume 70, Issue 2 (5-2012)
Abstract
Background: The basal levels of androgens in women decline gradually with age. These changes may reduce muscle strength and bone density leading to fatigue and psychological problems. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of resistance and endurance exercises on androgens, cortisol and lactate concentrations in elderly women.
Methods: In this study, 10 elderly women with a mean age of 54.3±3.74 years and a BMI of 24.88±2.07 kg/m2 completed an endurance exercise session (ES), a resistance exercise session (RS), and a control session (CS) in a randomized, cross-balanced design. The RS consisted of three sets of 10 repetitions of eight exercises with 80% 1RM (one repetition maximum) over of 45 minutes and the ES consisted of cycling at 60%-70% of maximum oxygen consumption for 45 minutes. During the CS, subjects performed no exercise. Before and immediately after exercises, and after 15 minutes of recovery, and also during CS blood samples were obtained an analyzed for serum testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, cortisol and lactate.
Results: There was a significant increase in testosterone levels following resistance and endurance exercise sessions (P<0.05). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate demonstrated a significant increase after resistance exercise (P<0.05). While differences in cortisol levels were not significant within groups, but they were significant (P<0.05) between groups.
Conclusion: A session of resistance exercise in elderly women can increase concentrations of androgens that are essential for their health and well-being.
Fariba Jafari , Mohammad-Ali Nilforooshzade , Samane Porajam , Motahar Heidari-Beni ,
Volume 72, Issue 6 (9-2014)
Volume 72, Issue 6 (9-2014)
Abstract
Background: Insulin resistant is important risk factors of diabetes and leads to development of chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies showed association between androgenic alopecia and insulin resistant. However, findings are controversial. Alopecia in women is a common heritable hair loss in central part of head. Aim of this study was investigation of androgenic alopecia distribution in type II diabetes and healthy women and hypothesis testing of relationship between diabetes and androgenic alopecia. Methods: This is a case-control study. Case and control groups were selected from type II diabetes and healthy women respectively that were refered to clinics of Alzahra, Noor and Amin Hospitals in Isfahan City, Iran in 2011. Participants were selected based on random sampling. Sample size was estimated 141 subjects in each group. Participants were visited by doctor and severity of androgenic alopecia was determined based on Ludwish criteria. Data were analyzed with SPSS software and 2 test. P<0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Mean age and body mass index were 58.96±12.8 year and 25.6±4.15 kg/m2 respectively in whole population. Findings not show any significant association between type II diabetes and androgenic alopecia (P<0.05). Comparison of distribution of alopecia severity according to Ludwish criteria separately showed similar result. In addition to, there was not any significant relationship between diabetes and alopecia after adjusting with body mass index as confounding factor (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, there was not any significant relationship between type II diabetes and androgenic alopecia among diabetes and healthy women. However, more researches need to investigate this relationship in both gender and assess insulin resistant indices as homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance and androgenic alopecia.
Mahboobeh Shirazi , Fatemah Azadi , Mamak Shariat , Shirin Niromanesh , Mahmoud Shirazi,
Volume 74, Issue 7 (10-2016)
Volume 74, Issue 7 (10-2016)
Abstract
Background: There are evidences that suggest the impact of stress on pregnancy outcome. Prolong antenatal depression and anxiety may cause lots of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as abortion, still birth, low birth weight and preterm labor. The aim of this pre-posttest randomized control trial study was to determine the role of stress management training in the first trimester on stress reduction in pregnant women referring to General Yas Women Hospital related to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran, from May 2014 to January 2016.
Methods: Anxiety status of 75 pregnant women in the first trimester was assessed by standard anxiety questioner using Hamilton anxiety rating score. Scores 18-25, 25-35 and >35 were considered for mild, moderate and severe anxiety, respectively. According to the level of anxiety, women with moderate and severe anxiety as the interventional group were arranged for participation in stress management workshops, applying mindfulness technique including: body scan, setting meditation and passing thought technique in 5 an hour sessions. For this experimental group were made available CD training for practicing lessons during the week. All groups didn’t need to medical treatment according to the psychiatrist interview. In the ending of therapy, clinical groups were assessed by anxiety scale again. Women with mild anxiety as the control group received only regular prenatal care without any psychological interventions. The validity and reliability of questioner were approved by experts in this field. This research was supported by Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services grant and also the study approved by ethics committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS version 18, and Student’s t-test analyses were performed.
Results: The level of anxiety and stress was decreased significantly between women in clinical groups, 27.5 to 14.1 for moderated level stress (P= 0.001) and 40.1 to 16.6 for high level of stress (P= 0.0001) respectively.
Conclusion: First trimester of pregnancy is a crucial stage of fetal growth and development. Based on our findings, stress management training in this period has beneficial effects on stress reduction and enhances maternal health status.
Bahloul Ghorbanian , Fariba Shokrollahi ,
Volume 75, Issue 4 (7-2017)
Volume 75, Issue 4 (7-2017)
Abstract
Background: Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is one of the most important enzymes for removal of the free radicals, and the main protective factor for lipoproteins against oxidative agents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks’ rope training on paraoxonase-1 enzyme, insulin resistance and lipid profiles in inactive overweight and obese girls.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Iranian Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University of Tabriz, from November 2016 to January 2017. In this study, 20 healthy overweight and obese in-active girls (20-25 Yr) volunteered and randomly assigned into exercise (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. Exercise protocol was rope training was 8 week for 4 day per week in 45 minute per day. Some anthropometric indexes of subjects were measured before and after exercise. A fasting blood sample was collected as pre-test and post-test, followed by 48 hours of physical inactivity to measure serum levels of PON1 enzyme, Insulin, lipid profiles and other blood variables. Analysis of the data was performed by paired and independent samples t-tests by using the SPSS software, version 20 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). The criterion of statistical significance was set as P<0.05.
Results: The paired samples t-test results showed that after exercise intervention, in exercise group, the values of all variables (except low-density lipoprotein) were significantly changed. Also, to compare with control group, the values of PON1 enzyme (P=0.024) and maximum oxygen consumption (P=0.006) significantly increased and insulin resistance index (P=0.028), triglyceride (P=0.046) and body fat percent (P=0.001) were significantly decreased (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that performing rope training for 8 weeks induced positive changes in paraoxonase-1 enzyme, insulin resistance index, maximum oxygen consumption and some lipid and anthropometric indices in overweight and obese young girls. Therefore, according to these results, rope training, as an aerobic activity it can be useful for all people especially in overweight and obese to control blood fats, body composition and prevent diseases due to obesity such as cardiovascular disease.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in Iranian Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University of Tabriz, from November 2016 to January 2017. In this study, 20 healthy overweight and obese in-active girls (20-25 Yr) volunteered and randomly assigned into exercise (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. Exercise protocol was rope training was 8 week for 4 day per week in 45 minute per day. Some anthropometric indexes of subjects were measured before and after exercise. A fasting blood sample was collected as pre-test and post-test, followed by 48 hours of physical inactivity to measure serum levels of PON1 enzyme, Insulin, lipid profiles and other blood variables. Analysis of the data was performed by paired and independent samples t-tests by using the SPSS software, version 20 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). The criterion of statistical significance was set as P<0.05.
Results: The paired samples t-test results showed that after exercise intervention, in exercise group, the values of all variables (except low-density lipoprotein) were significantly changed. Also, to compare with control group, the values of PON1 enzyme (P=0.024) and maximum oxygen consumption (P=0.006) significantly increased and insulin resistance index (P=0.028), triglyceride (P=0.046) and body fat percent (P=0.001) were significantly decreased (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that performing rope training for 8 weeks induced positive changes in paraoxonase-1 enzyme, insulin resistance index, maximum oxygen consumption and some lipid and anthropometric indices in overweight and obese young girls. Therefore, according to these results, rope training, as an aerobic activity it can be useful for all people especially in overweight and obese to control blood fats, body composition and prevent diseases due to obesity such as cardiovascular disease.
Fatemeh Haidari , Mohammad-Hossein Haghighi-Zade, Gholam-Abas Kayedani , Negar Karimi Birgani ,
Volume 76, Issue 2 (5-2018)
Volume 76, Issue 2 (5-2018)
Abstract
Background: Anemia is the most common nutritional disorder in the world in which iron deficiency is one of its main causes. The prevalence of obesity and risk of iron deficiency anemia in these individuals is increasing. The present study examined the association between iron deficiency, dietary intake and obesity and obesity-induced inflammation in female students.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, from May to March of 2016. A total of 170 female students were selected by stratified random sampling. Being in the age of 18-35 years, having a regular menstrual cycle, not following a specific diet and not taking any medication or dietary supplements that could affect iron status were indicators of inclusion in the study. General information and physical activity questionnaire were completed and a semi-quantitative feed frequency questionnaire was used to obtain food intake information. Anthropometric indicators including weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and body fat were measured. Obesity was evaluated with 3 different definitions. Biochemical indices such as iron, hemoglobin, hematocrit, transferrin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin, and hs-CRP were also measured.
Results: The dietary intake of iron and some nutrients related to iron (including energy, protein, vitamin C and calcium) showed no significant difference in dietary intake between different groups of obesity definitions. Serum iron levels and hemoglobin concentration had a significant negative correlation with BMI and hs-CRP concentrations (P=0.026 and P=0.01 respectively). The relationship between transferrin levels and total iron binding capacity with the index of waist circumference was positive and significant (P=0.040, P=0.034, respectively). Also, there was a significant positive correlation between obesity and hs-CRP levels (P=0.014). There was no significant relationship between other evaluated factors with different degrees of obesity.
Conclusion: Chronic obesity and inflammation which could be caused by obesity, can contribute to iron deficiency, regardless of dietary iron intake.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, from May to March of 2016. A total of 170 female students were selected by stratified random sampling. Being in the age of 18-35 years, having a regular menstrual cycle, not following a specific diet and not taking any medication or dietary supplements that could affect iron status were indicators of inclusion in the study. General information and physical activity questionnaire were completed and a semi-quantitative feed frequency questionnaire was used to obtain food intake information. Anthropometric indicators including weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and body fat were measured. Obesity was evaluated with 3 different definitions. Biochemical indices such as iron, hemoglobin, hematocrit, transferrin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin, and hs-CRP were also measured.
Results: The dietary intake of iron and some nutrients related to iron (including energy, protein, vitamin C and calcium) showed no significant difference in dietary intake between different groups of obesity definitions. Serum iron levels and hemoglobin concentration had a significant negative correlation with BMI and hs-CRP concentrations (P=0.026 and P=0.01 respectively). The relationship between transferrin levels and total iron binding capacity with the index of waist circumference was positive and significant (P=0.040, P=0.034, respectively). Also, there was a significant positive correlation between obesity and hs-CRP levels (P=0.014). There was no significant relationship between other evaluated factors with different degrees of obesity.
Conclusion: Chronic obesity and inflammation which could be caused by obesity, can contribute to iron deficiency, regardless of dietary iron intake.
Manijeh Jamshidi , Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami, Elham Maleki, Vahidreza Borhaninejad, Hosniyeh Alizadeh , Mehrdad Farokhnia , Salman Daneshi,
Volume 76, Issue 3 (6-2018)
Volume 76, Issue 3 (6-2018)
Abstract
Background: According to the direct connection between congenital hypothyroidism and iodine deficiency in pregnant women, also relatively high incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in some areas of Kerman province, especially Raver district located in North of Kerman province, this study was performed to determine and compare the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in pregnant women referring to health centers.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done during March 2014 and May 2015. Inclusion and exclusion criteria to be considered and UIC were measured by spectrophotometry in 384 and 374 pregnant women in Ravar and Kerman cities, Iran. Sampling method for this study was all of pregnant women in Ravar and random stratified sampling in Kerman. data were collected using a structured questionnaire. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Software, version 20.0 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA). Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Logistic regression were used for associations and differences.
Results: The mean UIC was 200.21 µg/L in pregnant women of Ravar and 238.79 µg/L in pregnant women of Kerman. 22.7% of pregnant women were with low concentrations of iodine, 57.8% within the normal range and 19.5 percent were with high iodine concentrations in Ravar. While 5.3 percent of pregnant women were with low concentrations of iodine, 54.5% were within the normal range and 40.1% were with high UIC in Kerman. There were no significant differences between demographic variables and UIC in the two regions (P> 05/0). Multivariate regression models showed significant connections between the residence and UIC pregnant women (P< 0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that UIC in pregnant women of Ravar was significantly lower than Kerman and the place of living can be considered as a predictor of UIC in pregnant women.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done during March 2014 and May 2015. Inclusion and exclusion criteria to be considered and UIC were measured by spectrophotometry in 384 and 374 pregnant women in Ravar and Kerman cities, Iran. Sampling method for this study was all of pregnant women in Ravar and random stratified sampling in Kerman. data were collected using a structured questionnaire. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Software, version 20.0 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA). Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Logistic regression were used for associations and differences.
Results: The mean UIC was 200.21 µg/L in pregnant women of Ravar and 238.79 µg/L in pregnant women of Kerman. 22.7% of pregnant women were with low concentrations of iodine, 57.8% within the normal range and 19.5 percent were with high iodine concentrations in Ravar. While 5.3 percent of pregnant women were with low concentrations of iodine, 54.5% were within the normal range and 40.1% were with high UIC in Kerman. There were no significant differences between demographic variables and UIC in the two regions (P> 05/0). Multivariate regression models showed significant connections between the residence and UIC pregnant women (P< 0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that UIC in pregnant women of Ravar was significantly lower than Kerman and the place of living can be considered as a predictor of UIC in pregnant women.
Abdoulreza Esteghamati , Ali Badamchi , Mehri Naghdalipoor , Mahmood Faramarzi , Morteza Haghighi Hasanabadi , Azardokht Tabatabaei ,
Volume 76, Issue 8 (11-2018)
Volume 76, Issue 8 (11-2018)
Abstract
Background: Sexually transmitted infections are the most common human infections that lead to severe complications. Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) are common and important cause of genitourinary tract infections. MG is a member of genital mycoplasmas which is emerging as an important causative agent of sexually transmitted infections both in males and females. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of UU and MG in pregnant women and to assess the risk factors which may contribute to the predisposition of the individuals to the infection.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, The population of 210 pregnant women admitted to the Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran, were selected for the study using non-random sampling. The urine specimens were collected from 194 pregnant women from May to December, 2015. The samples were transferred to the Infectious Disease Research Center of Rasoul Akram Hospital under sterile condition. Samples were exposed to DNA extraction followed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the infection. Data including sex, age, history of abortion, history of genitourinary tract infections were collected subsequently.
Results: The prevalence of MG and UU infections in urine samples was 5.6%, 11.2%, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the risk of UU was 2.08 (3.56-1.22) in women with a history of abortion and 0.70 (1.03-0.47) in women without a history of abortion. There was a significant relationship between the history of sexually transmitted diseases and the frequency of UU (P<0.022). From 22 patients with UU infection, six patients had a history of sexually transmitted diseases. A significant correlation was found between prevalence of MG and UU infections. The History of abortion was significantly related with the frequency of UU and MG infections. The prevalence of MG infection is negatively correlated with pregnancy trimesters. The History of genitourinary tract infections was significantly associated with the frequency of UU.
Conclusion: The presence of UU and MG could be associated with abortion.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, The population of 210 pregnant women admitted to the Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran, were selected for the study using non-random sampling. The urine specimens were collected from 194 pregnant women from May to December, 2015. The samples were transferred to the Infectious Disease Research Center of Rasoul Akram Hospital under sterile condition. Samples were exposed to DNA extraction followed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the infection. Data including sex, age, history of abortion, history of genitourinary tract infections were collected subsequently.
Results: The prevalence of MG and UU infections in urine samples was 5.6%, 11.2%, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the risk of UU was 2.08 (3.56-1.22) in women with a history of abortion and 0.70 (1.03-0.47) in women without a history of abortion. There was a significant relationship between the history of sexually transmitted diseases and the frequency of UU (P<0.022). From 22 patients with UU infection, six patients had a history of sexually transmitted diseases. A significant correlation was found between prevalence of MG and UU infections. The History of abortion was significantly related with the frequency of UU and MG infections. The prevalence of MG infection is negatively correlated with pregnancy trimesters. The History of genitourinary tract infections was significantly associated with the frequency of UU.
Conclusion: The presence of UU and MG could be associated with abortion.
Azita Fathnezhad Kazemi , Sepideh Hajian , Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani , Mehdi Khabazkhob,
Volume 76, Issue 10 (1-2019)
Volume 76, Issue 10 (1-2019)
Abstract
Pregnancy as a natural event leads to changes in various aspects of physiology, psychology, and social life. The adoption of a health promoting lifestyle is an important strategy for achieving the desired outcomes of pregnancy and is important on the future health of mother and child. The aim of this study was to assess the various aspects of health promotion behaviors during pregnancy. The data was obtained with advanced search in the Iranmedex, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), IranDoc, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus databases. Articles containing full text were collected using the proper keywords for Persian articles and their equivalent in Mesh included “Health promotion" OR "Behavior health "OR “Health Promoting Lifestyle” AND pregnancy for English articles with a time limitation of 2010 to 2017. At first 3247 articles obtained after reviewing and evaluation of the references, 4 Persian and 25 English articles with observational and qualitative design were included. A review of studies showed that finding a way to pass pregnancy safely is the most important concern for mothers. Pregnant women do some actions to reach favorable outcomes and they have a high incentive to adopt health behaviors during pregnancy due to fear of fetal health, but there is some obstacle to adopt health behaviors including individual factors like that lack of time and inadequate information about pregnancy or health-related functions and social factors including health system problems and cultural factors. In addition age, level of education, individual’s beliefs and factors associated with pregnancy such as high-risk pregnancy and environmental factors such as social support and health system performance play an important role in the adoption of health behaviors. In order to increase the potential of pregnant women to adopt healthy behaviors, changing the health system approach and paying attention to social determinants of health, in order to carry out the necessary interventions, it is recommended to conduct qualitative studies and appropriate design for deep study of the subject in the cultural background.
Mohsen Shoja, Mohadese Soleimani, Maryam Ameriyan , Niloufar Asbaghipour , Peyman Hejazi Hejazi ,
Volume 77, Issue 2 (5-2019)
Volume 77, Issue 2 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background: Today, with the increasing use of ionizing radiation like X-rays in diagnosis and treatment of diseases, the risk of fetal exposure in pregnant women also increases. Therefore, protecting pregnant women from ionizing radiation is essential and is considered as the standard criterion for Medical Radiation Center. So the aim of this study was to investigate the observance of protective principles and 10-day rule in imaging of susceptible women.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Radiography Centers of Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from July 2017 to September 2017. First, patients who were under radiography, were asked about the knowledge of the radiographers about the 10-day rule and radiation protection. Then a questionnaire with 12 questions was given to the radiographers in radiology and CT scan center. Finally, the existence of protection guidelines for pregnant women was determined by asking manager and checking at the moment.
Results: The patient's question about pregnancy failed about 19%, which did not have a significant relationship with patients' singleness (P=0.0004). Also the mean scores for the knowledge of radiographers about radiation protection were 14.21±0.96, which did not have a significant relationship with their work record and place of employment and their educational level (P=0.09). On the other hand, in half of the radiography centers, the written radiation protection guidelines were not available.
Conclusion: Principles of radiation protection and 10-day rule for radiography of women who were prone to pregnancy were desirable but due to importance of radiation protection, the rules should be more carefully implemented.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Radiography Centers of Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from July 2017 to September 2017. First, patients who were under radiography, were asked about the knowledge of the radiographers about the 10-day rule and radiation protection. Then a questionnaire with 12 questions was given to the radiographers in radiology and CT scan center. Finally, the existence of protection guidelines for pregnant women was determined by asking manager and checking at the moment.
Results: The patient's question about pregnancy failed about 19%, which did not have a significant relationship with patients' singleness (P=0.0004). Also the mean scores for the knowledge of radiographers about radiation protection were 14.21±0.96, which did not have a significant relationship with their work record and place of employment and their educational level (P=0.09). On the other hand, in half of the radiography centers, the written radiation protection guidelines were not available.
Conclusion: Principles of radiation protection and 10-day rule for radiography of women who were prone to pregnancy were desirable but due to importance of radiation protection, the rules should be more carefully implemented.
Shahrbanoo Keihanian , Nafiseh Koochaki , Majid Pouya , Maryam Zakerihamidi ,
Volume 77, Issue 8 (11-2019)
Volume 77, Issue 8 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer death among females worldwide. The rate of breast cancer incidence among Iranian women is 17% of all cancers, it has been ranked first in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting axillary lymph node involvement in female patients with breast cancer.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 167 patients with breast cancer diagnosed between March 2012 and March 2015 at Shahid Beheshti of Babol, Shahid Rajaei of Tonekabon and Imam Sajad of Ramsar hospitals. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information on the patients and pathology report of tumor and lymph nodes was completed.
Results: The rate of axillary lymph node involvement was observed in 117 patients (70.1%). Mean age was 49.64±11.62 years in the patients with breast cancer. The highest frequency of lymph node involvement was observed in the 40-49 age group (24%). The average size of tumor was 3.39 cm and the majority of patients had a tumor 2-5 cm (T2) but the most involvement was related to T3 (>5cm). The most common type of cancer and grading were invasive ductal carcinoma (93.4%) and tumor grade 2 (52.1%), respectively. Most lymph node involvement was observed in invasive ductal carcinoma and 85.1% of patients had tumor degree 3. 22.2% of patients with vessels involvement had axillary lymph node involvement. 63% of patients’ tumors had receptors of estrogen and progesterone. A statistically significant association was observed between axillary lymph node involvement and tumor size (P=0.031), tumor type (P=0.007), tumor grade (P=0.011), estrogen receptor (P=0.008) and progesterone receptor (P=0.038).
Conclusion: There was a statistically significant association between axillary lymph node involvement and tumor size, type and grade, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, but there was no statistically significant association between axillary lymph node involvement and age and estrogen as well as progesterone receptor status.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 167 patients with breast cancer diagnosed between March 2012 and March 2015 at Shahid Beheshti of Babol, Shahid Rajaei of Tonekabon and Imam Sajad of Ramsar hospitals. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information on the patients and pathology report of tumor and lymph nodes was completed.
Results: The rate of axillary lymph node involvement was observed in 117 patients (70.1%). Mean age was 49.64±11.62 years in the patients with breast cancer. The highest frequency of lymph node involvement was observed in the 40-49 age group (24%). The average size of tumor was 3.39 cm and the majority of patients had a tumor 2-5 cm (T2) but the most involvement was related to T3 (>5cm). The most common type of cancer and grading were invasive ductal carcinoma (93.4%) and tumor grade 2 (52.1%), respectively. Most lymph node involvement was observed in invasive ductal carcinoma and 85.1% of patients had tumor degree 3. 22.2% of patients with vessels involvement had axillary lymph node involvement. 63% of patients’ tumors had receptors of estrogen and progesterone. A statistically significant association was observed between axillary lymph node involvement and tumor size (P=0.031), tumor type (P=0.007), tumor grade (P=0.011), estrogen receptor (P=0.008) and progesterone receptor (P=0.038).
Conclusion: There was a statistically significant association between axillary lymph node involvement and tumor size, type and grade, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, but there was no statistically significant association between axillary lymph node involvement and age and estrogen as well as progesterone receptor status.
Razieh Nazari , Mehri Ghasemi , Farideh Dehghan-Manshadi , Alireza Akbarzadeh-Baghban ,
Volume 77, Issue 8 (11-2019)
Volume 77, Issue 8 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background: Rotator cuff injuries are the most common causes of shoulder pain and supraspinatus muscle is usually involved. Clinical tests are available and inexpensive tools for assessment of shoulder dysfunctions. The empty can (EC) and full can (FC) tests are considered as shoulder gold standard tests. Recently, hug up (HU) test has been developed to assess the supraspinatus. So far, no ultrasonographic study has compared supraspinatus muscle thickness in these testing positions. The present study aimed to compare the supraspinatus muscle thickness in the hug up testing position with the full can and empty can testing positions in young and healthy women.
Methods: Forty healthy women (mean age 21.62±2.4 years) participated in this cross-sectional-comparative study from April to June 2018 in the Biomechanic Laboratory of Rehabilitation School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran. The supraspinatus muscle thickness was scanned during rest and contracted states with a 0.5 Kg weight cuff. For contracted states, (A) EC testing position: the arm was at 90º abduction in the scaption plane with the thumb-down, (B) FC testing position: the arm was maintained at 90º abduction in the scaption plane with the thumb-up, (C) HU testing position: the palm of hand was placed on the opposite shoulder with the elbow flexed.
Results: The Bonferroni test showed significant differences (P<0.001) between the muscle thickness in the rest and the testing positions. The muscle thickness in the empty can testing position was significantly less than the full can testing position (P=0.001), no significant difference was found between the muscle thickness in the hug up testing position compared to the full can and empty can testing positions.
Conclusion: All of the empty can, full can and hug up testing positions demonstrated increased mean muscle thickness when compared to the rest position and the greatest muscle thickness was in the full can testing position. It seems that supraspinatus muscle thickness in hug up testing position is similar with empty can and full can testing positions.
Methods: Forty healthy women (mean age 21.62±2.4 years) participated in this cross-sectional-comparative study from April to June 2018 in the Biomechanic Laboratory of Rehabilitation School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran. The supraspinatus muscle thickness was scanned during rest and contracted states with a 0.5 Kg weight cuff. For contracted states, (A) EC testing position: the arm was at 90º abduction in the scaption plane with the thumb-down, (B) FC testing position: the arm was maintained at 90º abduction in the scaption plane with the thumb-up, (C) HU testing position: the palm of hand was placed on the opposite shoulder with the elbow flexed.
Results: The Bonferroni test showed significant differences (P<0.001) between the muscle thickness in the rest and the testing positions. The muscle thickness in the empty can testing position was significantly less than the full can testing position (P=0.001), no significant difference was found between the muscle thickness in the hug up testing position compared to the full can and empty can testing positions.
Conclusion: All of the empty can, full can and hug up testing positions demonstrated increased mean muscle thickness when compared to the rest position and the greatest muscle thickness was in the full can testing position. It seems that supraspinatus muscle thickness in hug up testing position is similar with empty can and full can testing positions.
Abolfazl Ghoreishi, Mohamad Massod Vakili , Maryam Amirmohseni ,
Volume 77, Issue 10 (1-2020)
Volume 77, Issue 10 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background: Sexual issues are one of the most important aspects of human life and sexual disorders are issues that can cause some problems in any society. Paying attention to sexual problems can help to deepen the couple's relationship by reducing potential problems. It is also important to note that communication problems between couples and their interplay patterns are effective in shaping sexual behavior between couples and can be a source of sexual behavior disorders for couples. The goal of this research was to determine prevalence of sexual satisfaction of participants and some related factors.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 564 married women between the ages of 18 and 55 under the cover of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMJ), Zanjan City, Iran, among whom referring to ZUMJ educational centers from March to August 2012. A simple random sampling method was used. The data collection tool was a 14-item changes in sexual functioning questionnaire (CSFQ-14) completed by the self-efficacy method.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 564 married women between the ages of 18 and 55 under the cover of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMJ), Zanjan City, Iran, among whom referring to ZUMJ educational centers from March to August 2012. A simple random sampling method was used. The data collection tool was a 14-item changes in sexual functioning questionnaire (CSFQ-14) completed by the self-efficacy method.
| Results: The results of this study showed that 79.5% of women studied had some degree of sexual dissatisfaction. The study showed that with increasing age, the degree of dissatisfaction with marital relationships increased from 3.1% in the age group of 14-19 years to 38.2% in the age group of 30-39 years. Also, the rate of sexual dissatisfaction increased with the increase in education, and the highest degree of dissatisfaction was in the group with diploma education and the next stage, those with university education. The results of the study reported the highest proportion of dissatisfaction with sexual relations in the housewife group, and dissatisfaction with sexual relations increased significantly with an increasing number of years of marital life. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the prevalence of dissatisfaction especially with respect to sexual orientation among women is higher than expected, which is a threat to the individual and social health of individuals. |
Farideh Zafari Zangeneh , Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh , Maryam Bagheri , Masoumeh Dehghan ,
Volume 78, Issue 3 (6-2020)
Volume 78, Issue 3 (6-2020)
Abstract
Background: Most studies show that 9 to 24% of people who are in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles are women who respond poorly to ovarian stimulation. Women with poor ovarian response (POR) are a group of infertile patients whose ovarian reserve, ovarian response to medication, and the quality of ovum are declining. Therefore, the number of female cycles, the number of fetuses from the oocyte and the rate of pregnancy in these women is reduced. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of three adrenoceptor receptor genes in the cumulus cells of women with poor ovarian response in culture medium.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in two groups: study (POR) and control (oocyte donor's women) groups. POR diagnosis was performed by ESHRE Bologna criteria. After puncture of the follicles, cumulus-oocyte complex was collected and the cumulus cells (CCs) were isolated by enzyme and are counted with Neobar lamella and then were added in the culture medium. After completing the culture, RNA was extracted from cumulus cells and the RNA concentration was read by the Spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies, Wilmington, DE, USA). Then cDNA synthesized and primers designed for ADR-α1, 2 and ADR-B2 or gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The research was done in Reproductive Health Research Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, from April to December 2017.
Results: Comparison of the results of ADR-α1, 2 gene expressions in cumulus cells showed a significant decrease, but ADR-B2 was not significant in two groups. Correlation coefficients also showed that there are relationship between three adrenoceptors and their effects on each other.
Conclusion: Our results showed that the decreased expressions of ADR-α1, 2 probably related to activation of the sympathetic system and release of the more neurotransmitter that lead to down-regulation of ADR-α1, 2 in the cell membrane of cumulus in culture medium.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in two groups: study (POR) and control (oocyte donor's women) groups. POR diagnosis was performed by ESHRE Bologna criteria. After puncture of the follicles, cumulus-oocyte complex was collected and the cumulus cells (CCs) were isolated by enzyme and are counted with Neobar lamella and then were added in the culture medium. After completing the culture, RNA was extracted from cumulus cells and the RNA concentration was read by the Spectrophotometer (NanoDrop Technologies, Wilmington, DE, USA). Then cDNA synthesized and primers designed for ADR-α1, 2 and ADR-B2 or gene expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The research was done in Reproductive Health Research Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, from April to December 2017.
Results: Comparison of the results of ADR-α1, 2 gene expressions in cumulus cells showed a significant decrease, but ADR-B2 was not significant in two groups. Correlation coefficients also showed that there are relationship between three adrenoceptors and their effects on each other.
Conclusion: Our results showed that the decreased expressions of ADR-α1, 2 probably related to activation of the sympathetic system and release of the more neurotransmitter that lead to down-regulation of ADR-α1, 2 in the cell membrane of cumulus in culture medium.
Emad Kouhestani, Mansoureh Yaraghi, Mirsaeed Yekaninejad, Ashraf Alyasin,
Volume 78, Issue 9 (12-2020)
Volume 78, Issue 9 (12-2020)
Abstract
Background: The health of pregnant mothers is one of the most important health indicators of each country. The midwifery clinic is one of the first places in which pregnant mothers become familiar with at the time they arrive. Providing health services at a desirable level and improving the quality of services in the midwifery clinic require an accurate understanding of the situation and its complications. This study aimed to assess how well pregnant mothers were satisfied with the midwifery services that they have received at midwifery to improve their quality.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 364 pregnant women who were referred to the midwifery clinic of Shariati Hospital in Tehran in August and September in 2018. Data were collected using a validated, pre-designed questionnaire and were analyzed using chi-square and multivariate logistic regression.
Results: Among the pregnant women referred to the clinic, 70.2% were satisfied with the care services received and 29.8% of them were not satisfied. This satisfaction level had a significant relationship with pregnancy (P=0.009) and mothers' age (P<0.001) while decreased by the increment in the number of pregnancies and age. Also, in this study, the least satisfaction was related to the crowds and waste of time and lack of access to the parking spot (P<0.001). In this research, the least satisfaction was due to crowding and waste of time, which can be addressed by improvement in the health services in the residential areas, appropriate referrals, informing about the expected time of arrival, and providing information on the alternative of the new hospitals in areas around the city with less traffic congestion and better parking sites.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 364 pregnant women who were referred to the midwifery clinic of Shariati Hospital in Tehran in August and September in 2018. Data were collected using a validated, pre-designed questionnaire and were analyzed using chi-square and multivariate logistic regression.
Results: Among the pregnant women referred to the clinic, 70.2% were satisfied with the care services received and 29.8% of them were not satisfied. This satisfaction level had a significant relationship with pregnancy (P=0.009) and mothers' age (P<0.001) while decreased by the increment in the number of pregnancies and age. Also, in this study, the least satisfaction was related to the crowds and waste of time and lack of access to the parking spot (P<0.001). In this research, the least satisfaction was due to crowding and waste of time, which can be addressed by improvement in the health services in the residential areas, appropriate referrals, informing about the expected time of arrival, and providing information on the alternative of the new hospitals in areas around the city with less traffic congestion and better parking sites.
| Conclusion: The results of our study showed the detailed patient satisfaction factors of an educational medical hospital. In overall the satisfaction. |
Khadige Abadian, Zohreh Keshavarz, Hourieh Shamshiri Milani , Mostafa Hamdieh, Atefeh Aghaei, Tayebeh Mokhtarian Gilani ,
Volume 78, Issue 11 (2-2021)
Volume 78, Issue 11 (2-2021)
Abstract
Background: Marital satisfaction is considered to be the feelings and understanding of the couple about their marital relationship and their two-way relationship. Many factors play a role in creating marital satisfaction, and on the other hand, marital satisfaction is one of the concepts that cause sexual health in a person. Sexual health has many dimensions and includes coordination and adaptation of physical, emotional, intellectual, and social aspects of sexual affairs in humans. This study was conducted to assess the marital satisfaction of working women in Iran through meta-analysis.
Methods: In this meta-analytic study, the issue of marital satisfaction amongst Iranian working women which has been published in local articles was evaluated. To find pertaining studies, Magiran, IranDoc, SID, Iranmedex, and Pubmed websites were used. Statistical society in this research consists of all studies in Iran in regard to the relationship between being a working woman and having marital satisfaction that has been accomplished since 2001-2018 and was indexed in one of the scientific informative websites.
To access desired articles we used the English keywords of ‘Sexual dysfunction’, ‘Iran’, ‘Sexual function’, ‘Marital satisfaction’, ‘Working women’ and ‘women’ and their Persian equivalents. After the selection process of articles related to the research objectives, 10 articles were selected and assessed as final samples.
Methods: In this meta-analytic study, the issue of marital satisfaction amongst Iranian working women which has been published in local articles was evaluated. To find pertaining studies, Magiran, IranDoc, SID, Iranmedex, and Pubmed websites were used. Statistical society in this research consists of all studies in Iran in regard to the relationship between being a working woman and having marital satisfaction that has been accomplished since 2001-2018 and was indexed in one of the scientific informative websites.
To access desired articles we used the English keywords of ‘Sexual dysfunction’, ‘Iran’, ‘Sexual function’, ‘Marital satisfaction’, ‘Working women’ and ‘women’ and their Persian equivalents. After the selection process of articles related to the research objectives, 10 articles were selected and assessed as final samples.
|
Results: Collected data indicate that the average size of the influence of working on marital satisfaction in research samples was equal to 0.063. Point estimate based on Cohen scale shows low influence level.
Conclusion: The influence of being a working woman on marital satisfaction is not approved. Generally being a working woman can be effective on marital satisfaction at a weak level. However, regarding the impact of women’s work on marital satisfaction, research’s statistical society is also effective and should be considered. On the other hand, the positive impacts of being a working woman has become more significant over time. |
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