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Sh Rahimi Kamal, J Nasl Saraji, I Mohammad Fam ,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (27 2010)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Human error often plays an important role in accident causation either through direct action or poor design . The focus of this work is was on prediction of human error probabilities during the process of emergency musters on in gas compressor stations . This paper aims to present a brief description of Human Error Probability Index (HEPI) for the on gas compressor station musters process.
Materials and Methods : Due to a lack of human error databases, and in particular human error data on gas compressor station musters, an expert judgment technique, the Success Likelihood Index Methodology (SLIM), , was adopted as a means to predict human error probabilities Two muster scenarios of varying severity (gas release, fire and explosion) were studied in detail . A total of 34 reference graphs provided data for both the weighting and rating of six performance shaping factors and the data were subsequently processed by means of SLIM to calculate the probability of success for 16 muster actions ranging from point of muster initiator to the final actions in the temporary safe refuge (TSR). The actions were categorized into 4 phases, namely, awareness, evaluation, egress, and recovery phases. The six performance shaping factors considered in this work were stress, complexity , training, experience, event factors, and atmospheric factors .
Results: Human error probabilities in the egress phase were highest, followed by those in the evaluation phase the lowest were in the awareness phase.
Conclusion: The HEPI can be applied to limit the chances of human error occurrence and mitigate the consequences of such errors through changes in training, design, safety systems, and procedures, resulting in a more error-tolerant design and operation .
M Khodaveisi, A Yaghobi, R Borzou, M Khodaveisi,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (20 2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the world. Several factors such as lifestyle can alter incidence of these diseases. Cardiovascular diseases originate from childhood therefore, early prevention must begin from childhood and adolescence in order to be able to modify risk factors. The aim of this study was to identify modifiable (tobacco smoke exposure, physical inactivity, hypertension, obesity, incorrect dietary habits and high blood pressure) and non-modifiable (family history) cardiovascular risk factors in Hamedani adolescents.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive- analytic Cross- Sectional study, including 1000 students selected by stratified cluster sampling, from 8 high schools in Hamden, Iran. The subjects’ height, weight and blood pressure were measured and their body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on life style.
Results: On the whole, 23% of the participants had a family history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The data also showed that 10.7% of the participants had a BMI more than 25kg/m², 59% had no physical activity, more than 50% had a high intake of salt, and 67% were exposed to passive tobacco smoke. The average length of time spent daily on watching T.V. or playing video games was 6 hours. Proportions of the subjects consuming saturated oils, high-fat dairy products, ready-to-eat foods, and junk foods (potato chips and puffed cereals) were 50.8%, 33.1%, 48.6%, and 75.4%, respectively. The most common method of cooking was frying (used by 35.9% of the families). Finally, 3.4% of the adolescents were smokers themselves and 25% of them said that their friends smoked, while 67.7% were exposed to cigarette smoke from their smoker-relatives.
Conclusion: Most of the Hamedani adolescents are at risk of cardiovascular diseases risk factors. Primary intervention programs should be designed and implemented aiming at promoting the health and nutritional awareness and, ultimately, practice, of the general population with particular emphasis on adolescents.
Z Rahaei, H Heshmati, Mm Hazavehei, A Hasanzadeh,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (14 2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between educational practice of volunteer health workers (VHWs) and preventive behavior of households (HH) under their coverage regarding cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) based on the BASNEF model in Yazd City, Iran
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all the 60 VHWs in the CL-endemic regions in Yazd City were interviewed and completed a valid and reliable questionnaire designed by the investigator. In addition, from among the households under coverage of each one of the VHWs, 2 HHs were selected randomly and their heads were interviewed and completed the relevant questionnaire (total n=120). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: There was a positive correlation between the knowledge and attitude of VHWs and knowledge of the households, as well as between the VHWs' behavioral intention and households' behavior. Further analysis of the data also revealed a positive correlation between the enabling factors of VHWs and the knowledge, behavioral intention, enabling factors and behaviors of families, as well as between educational behavior of VHWs and knowledge, attitude and behavior of the families.
Conclusion: Volunteer health workers can potentially play an important role in case-finding, prevention and timely treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, merely promoting their awareness of the disease will not lead to improvements in their educational behavior in the community. More effective education aiming at promoting their awareness and enabling factors, as well as developing better attitude in them, will certainly result in better behavior of households and control of the disease
Effat Lali-Dastjerdi, Iraj Mohammadfam,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (7 2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the two techniques of fault tree analysis (FTA) and Tripod-Beta using the analytic hierrarchy process (AHP) for choosing the preferred technique to be used in the analysis of grave accidents in a steel-manufacturing company.
Materials and Methods: This research project was carried out in three main phases. In the first phase two disastrous accidents were sketched for analysis and, using the two techniques of FTA and Tripod-Beta, the causes for their occurrence were determined. In the second phase 7 criteria were chosen for comparing the two techniques. Finally, in the third phase, the two techniques were compared on the basis of chosen criteria, using AHP.
Results: The findings showed that the criterion for the number of accidents' agents with a priority of 0.435 had the highest priority, followed by quantitative ability, cost of analysis, time spending, and software need with a priority of 0.07, 0.059, 0.038, and 0.036, respectively.
Conclusion: Considering all the chosen criteria, it can be concluded that the fault free analysis technique with a priority of 0.624 is superior to Tripod Beta technique with priority a priority of 0.35.
Afsaneh Motevalihaghi, Mehdi Nateghpour, Mehdi Mohebali, Hamid Azarian, Yavar Sharifzadeh, Leila Farivar, Homa Hajjaran, Mousa Motevalihaghi,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Considering the ongoing national malaria elimination program in Iran, establishing a bank of human Plasmodium genes and proteins can be very useful for research purposes. This study was conducted to collect some of the native isolates of human Plasmodia from endemic areas in the country.
Materials and Methods: A 2ml vein-punctured blood sample was prepared from each confirmed malaria case. The samples were dispensed in EDTA pre-dosed tubes and cryopreserved for further tests. Moreover, relevant Geimsa-stained thick and thin blood smears were kept in a safe place. Tests for genetic indicators of MSP-1 was performed for each of the P. vivax samples with the RFLP-PCR techniques. In addition, an in vivo drug sensitivity test was performed for each P. falciparum case. Collecting and cryopreserving samples will continue.
Results: A total of 131 samples, including 109, 19 and 3 P. vivax, P. falciparum and mixed samples, respectively, were preserved with relevant data such as species, parasitaemia and nationality of the donor. MSP-1 gene classification resulted in three different haplotypes including Hap.1, Hap.2 and Hap.3 with frequencies of 20.6%, 41.2% and 38.2%, respectively. The In vivo drug sensitivity tests on P. facilparum isolates showed that all of the isolates were sensitive to the current drug of choice, namely, a combination of artesunate and fansidar.
Conclusion: This study resulted in the preservation of considerable amounts of P. vivax and P. falciparum samples for further relevant studies and research purposes.
Sara Shah Abadi, Mohammad Reza Saidi, Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Hazavehei, Saeid Bashiriyan, Manouchehr Karami, Behjat Marzbani,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of death worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the most important behavioral (inadequate nutrition, low physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption) and non-behavioral (stress, high blood sugar, dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity) risk factors for CVD among CVD patients hospitalized in Kermanshah Heart Hospital. This was a needs assessment study aiming at designing interventions for reducing CVD risk factors.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 402 CAD patients (60.4% males and 39.6% females) were selected by consecutive sampling from among those hospitalized in Imam Ali Hospital for the first time. Data were collected using the Iranian version of WHO Stepwise questionnaire and the patients’ files and analyzed using the SPSS-16 software.
Results: The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 54.2 (±8.8) years. About 73% of them had a poor diet and 46.5% had low physical activity; in addition, 36% of the men had consumed alcohol in the previous year and 26.1% were smokers. Non-behavioral risk factors were quite common too. The proportions of the patients suffering from diabetes, hypertension and overweight-plus-obesity and abdominal obesity were 49.3%, 48.0%, 54.7% and 61.0%, respectively. Finally, 43.3% of the patients had high stress, 31.0% were hypertriglyceridemic and in another 21% hypercholesterolemia was seen.
Conclusion: Based on the findings it can be concluded that, as compared to other risk factors, imbalanced nutrition was more prevalent common among the patients. Another major risk factor was obesity, particularly abdominal obesity. In addition, blood glucose disorders were more common than dyslipidemia.
Mina Morsali, Amin Doosti Irani,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: So far various medicinal treatments have been introduced to treat obesity. In this study we compared the available drugs for the treatment of obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) methods. The major international databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Embase were searched, the search ending in March 2022. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing medicinal interventions in women with PCOS were included in the study. Two of the researchers were responsible for screening the retrieved sources. The Cochrane tool was used to assess the risk of bias. The loop-specific and design by treatment interaction approaches were used to assess the consistency assumption. Treatments in each network were ranked using the P-score. The random effects model was used to report the results. The results were reported at %95 confidence interval (CI). I2 statistic was used to check the heterogeneity of the studies.
Results: Out of the 9335 retrieved references, 9 studies met the eligibility criteria. There were two networks for the treatment of obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Liraglutide (1.2), [P-score=0.86, MD=-8.02(-20.99, 4.94)] as the best treatment in the first network, and Orlistat (120), [P-score=0.88, MD=-3.49 (-5.17, -1.81)] as the best treatment in the second network.
Conclusion: Based on the results of network meta-analysis, it seems that the best medicinal interventions for obesity in women with polycystic syndrome rare Liraglutide (1.2) and Orlistat (120).
Mehdi Ahmadi, Farzad Amiri, Zahra Naghibifar, Mohammad Mehdi Mansouri, Armin Naghipour,
Volume 23, Issue 2 (9-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Excessive use of antibiotics increases bacterial drug resistance in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Therefore, the use of natural compounds as supplements may be effective in managing diabetic wound infections alongside conventional drugs. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Sarizh ointment (containing natural ingredients) on the healing of infected diabetic foot ulcers.
Materials and Methods: This single-center randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients with diabetic foot ulcers hospitalized in the infectious disease department of Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah. Microbial cultures were obtained from the foot ulcers of all patients using the punch method. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: control and intervention. The control group received systemic antibiotics and a placebo dressing, while the intervention group received systemic antibiotics in addition to Sarizh herbal compounds as a supplement.
Results: A total of 30 patients with a mean age of 58.93 ± 6.15 years were included. The duration of hospitalization was 17.40 ± 3.06 days in the control group and 16.87 ± 3.52 days in the intervention group. The healing time was 17.34 ± 2.87 days in the control group and 12.06 ± 2.40 days in the intervention group. Sarizh ointment significantly reduced the healing time of diabetic foot ulcers (p = 0.001). Post-discharge bacterial cultures were negative, and complications such as redness, discharge, and pain at the wound site were similar between the two groups.
Conclusion: Sarizh ointment can be used as a complementary treatment alongside standard therapy to reduce healing time and promote wound recovery in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.
