A.a Farshad , K Imandel ,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (7 2003)
Abstract
Nitrate compounds as the last part of oxidation of nitrogen compounds, which may causemethaemoglobinaemia in infants.Nitrosamines are derivatives of both nitrites and nitrates and are often used as indicatorsof water pollution, largely because of concerns about their carcinogenic potential.With regard to the role of industrial waste (containing nitrates and nitrites) in the pollutionof ground water, in winter 1998 one hundred sites were selected for sampling andmeasurements of Nitrite & Nitrate content among 300 large industrial - complexeslocated in the outskirts of Tehran (Tehran-Karaj Urban Zone). The findings showed thatthe mean Nitrate concentration in the aquifers studied was 51.96 mg/1, with maximumvalues of 85.49 mg/1 and a minimum of 5.9 mg/1.The mean nitrite level was 16.18 mg/1, ranging from 0.29 mg/1 to 314,22 mg/1.According to these findings, both Nitrite & Nitrate levels were above WHO-specifiedlimits and the safety standards established by national guidelines.
Statistical analysis showed a negative correlation between Nitrite concentrations anddepth of the aquifer (P-value = 0.034, R = 0.44), ie, with increasing depth there werelower nitrate levels.There was no relationship between nitrate concentrations and the distance of water wellsfrom the sites of wastewater discharge.
Shayesteh Hajizadeh, Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani, Masoomeh Simbar, Farshad Farzadfar,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (12-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Prenatal and neonatal care provides an opportunity for counseling, resulting in reduction of pregnancy-related and neonatal complications. It is expected that such care would result in promoting the health status of these vulnerable groups and improving the relevant indicators.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey including 668 mothers and 2-month-old children. Data were collected using questionnaires and structured interviews.
Results: On the whole, 35.9%, 21.0% and 5.1% of the mothers reported, at least, one pregnancy, one complication, and one neonatal complication, respectively. Results of the logistic regression model showed that the odds ratio of reporting at least one of the pregnancy complications increased by more than double in women who had a medical history or a high-risk pregnancy, increase decreased by 63% in those who had continuous care during pregnancy, decreased by 40% in those who had received thorough prenatal care, and increased by 0.05% for every unit increase in age. The odds ratio of reporting at least one postpartum complication increased by 70% per unit of in the density of health workers. Moreover, the odds ratio of reporting at least one neonatal complication decreased by 48% in women who had received full neonatal care and by 50% per every unit of increase in the density of health workers.
Conclusion: The findings of this study show the important role of behvarzes (community health workers) in detecting postpartum and neonatal complications, as well as the importance of antenatal care and quality of antenatal care as regards detecting at-risk women and neonates and prevention of pregnancy and antenatal complications.
Ahmad Nejati, Alireza Asgari Golzardi, Farshad Khodakhah, Katayoun Samimi-Rad, Seyedeh Maryam Yousefi, Yaghoub Mollaei-Kandelousi, Maryam Keyvanlou, Mohammad Razaghi, Parastoo Soheili, Delaram Yaghoubzadeh, Nastaran Ghavami, Susan Mahmoudi, Seyed Mohsen Zahraei, Shohreh Shahmahmoodi,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: During the COVID-19 pandemic public health measures and protocols such as regular hand washing and wearing a face mask were recommended at the national level. The implementation of these health protocols reduced the prevalence of respiratory diseases, but no study has been conducted to investigate the impact of the implementation of these protocols on the spread of viruses that are transmitted through fecal-oral route. Considering that non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) are mainly transmitted through fecal-oral route, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of non-polio enteroviruses in patients with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Iran before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and Methods: To detect non-polio enteroviruses stool samples of AFP cases received by Iran National Polio Laboratory in 2019 (before the COVID-19 pandemic) and 2021 (during the COVID-19 pandemic) were tested. To isolate NPEVs by cell culture, the WHO standard protocol was used, and the TaqMan One-Step Real Time PCR was used for molecular testing.
Results: In 2019, a sample of 21 out of 1070 patients and a sample of 12 out of 100 patients were found to be positive for non-polio enterovirus by cell culture and the molecular method, respectively; these ratios decreased to10 out of 678 and 3 out of 100 in 2021.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the observance of personal hygiene and public health protocols during the COVID-19 epidemic have, in addition to the general reduction of respiratory transmission of viruses, also affected the faecal-oral transmission of viruses.
