Showing 5 results for Forouzan
H Malek Afzali , A.s Forouzan , F Bahreini , A Mowla ,
Volume 3, Issue 4 (4 2005)
Abstract
Natural disasters cause millions of death and disability and major financial losses
world wide every year. The major concern of our health system has already been to
reduce physical mortality and morbidity. While such events may be a considerable
source of stress for the survivors and cause serious and long-lasting psychiatric
complications. The purpose of this study was to assess the function of rescuers in
mental health service delivery to survivors of Bam earthquake in four steps Rescuing,
Emergency services, Transportation of the injured survivors and Treatment in the first
2 weeks after the earthquake.
For reaching the purpose 4 groups of the survivors were selected: first group was the
healthy survivors (>15 years) living in Bam after the earthquake, the second group
was healthy survivors (<15 years) living in Bam after the earthquake, the third group
was the injured survivors admitted in Kerman and Tehran hospitals and the last group
was the Relatives who accompanied the injured survivors. 2 weeks after the
earthquake a questionnaire including questions about, demographic data, function of
rescuers in rescuing and emergency services steps, informing the survivors of their
relatives condition and Condoling with the survivors and mental health services
delivery was filled for each of the cases.
In all groups, more than 85% of the cases who needed help and rescued from the load
of the earthquake were rescued by their relatives and rescuers of the Red Crescent
Society or other governmental organization just had a little portion (5%)in this field.
Only 25%of the cases who needed help and rescuing from the load of the earthquake
were rescued in the first hour after the earthquake. Only 40% of the cases were
sympathized by their rescuers. About 65% of the cases had enough information about
their relatives. 40% of the cases were prevented from crying by rescuers. Only 30% of
the cases said that they knew addict individuals who were hot given alternative
materials. 30/% of the children had played during 2 weeks after earthquake and 42/%
of them had facilities for playing.
Regarding to all studied groups rescue activities, primary care services and transfers
have been performed by relatives and domestic people , therefore general training and
organizing CBO (community Based organization) for providing services in disasters
especially in regions which are at high risk of earthquake will be useful for reducing
the injuries. According to this research rescuers are in serious need of training in
mental health services and that major areas of education need are: using counseling
techniques, providing the necessary information for the survivors and stress
management techniques.
M.h Forouzanfar, M Karami, A Fotouhi, R Majdzadeh, P Jamali,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (13 2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Amblyopia is an important cause of weak vision and blindness. A preliminary study on validity of the current screening program in Shahrood City's kindergartens showed that this method may not be efficient enough, especially because of low sensitivity and referral problems. We tried to compare efficiencies and costs of screening by trained staff and optometrists in detecting patients.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis using the decision-tree method. We replaced nurses with optometrists to compare costs per detected case by the two screening methods. The number of detected cases and costs per each detected case are compared. Also, the cost-effectiveness of four criteria screening examinations (with different validities) used by optometrists was estimated.
Results: Costs per case detected by optometrists and by current screening methods were 270000 and 556000 Rails (Rs), respectively (with baseline examination criteria and 6.4% prevalence). With a lower prevalence of amblyopic patients, CER (cost-effectiveness ratio) will increase in both methods, but the increase in the current screening method is less than the optometric method. In the optometrist method, avoidable costs and savings per detected case vary from 250000 Rs at a prevalence of 7.4% to 1185000 Rs at a prevalence of 1.4%. Sensitivity analysis showed that costs of "monitoring of screening" in the optometrists method and costs of "follow up in the current screening method" have strong effects on CER CER will decrease by 9.6% and 15%, respectively, if this costs decrease to 25%.
Conclusion: The cost, per detected case, of screening amblyopia by optometrists in kindergartens is half that by the current method. In areas with a low prevalence, the efficiency of screening by using optometrists increases remarkably.
Parviz Owlia, Farah Sadat Bahreini, Monir Baradaran Eftekhar, Mostafa Ghanei, Amene Setareh Forouzan, Mehdi Farahani,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (21 2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Priority setting is one of the most important issues in health research systems. No national health system can afford to finance all research projects proposed by researchers, especially in developing countries. Therefore, we decided to set the main national health research priorities in Iran using the Essential National Health Research (ENHR) method.
Materials and Methods: All of the Iranian universities of medical sciences and other stakeholders collaborated in this study. The methodology for research priority setting was based on needs assessment and ENHR.
Results: The total number of research priorities gathered from universities of medical sciences was 6723. The proportions of topics related to basic science, applied and development subjects were 17%, 78% and 5%, respectively. Further analysis of the data showed that almost half (46.3%) of the research priorities were descriptive, 36.0% analytical, and 17.6% interventional. The research priorities were divided into 9 main areas, namely, communicable diseases, noncommunicable diseases, health system research, pharmaceutical sciences and industrial pharmacy, basic science, traditional and herbal medicine, nutrition, environmental health, and dentistry.
Conclusion: Up to now the common procedure for research priority setting has been, with a top-to-bottom approach, managed by a limited number of researchers and experts, while in the method presented in this paper a bottom-to-top approach is used, which is more effective.
Masoumeh Dejman, Maroe Vameghi, Fatemeh Dejman, Payam Roshanfekr, Hasan Rafiey, Ameneh Setareh Forouzan, Majid Rezazadeh, Parisa Fazeli,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Children who work or live in the streets are one of the high-risk groups for HIV. The high population of street children and lack of comprehensive intervention programs for them increase their risk for HIV in Iran. This study intended to explore the situation of drug abuse in street children in Tehran, the capital city.
Materials and Methods: This paper reports part of a comprehensive rapid assessment and response (RAR) research project on street children in Tehran during 2012-13. Data were collected by interviewing subjects using questionnaires. The sample size was 289 street children selected by time-location sampling in Tehran.
Results : Data showed that about 25.6% of the street children had had some history of cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, and/or drug abuse. Most of them were boys aged 15-18 years. The prevalence rate of cigarette and/or hubble-bubble smoking, alcohol consumption and drug abuse during the preceding 6 months 12.1%, 11% and 6.9%, respectively. Significant associations were found between alcohol consumption and drug abuse on the one hand and the children’s age, type of occupation and home-leaving experience on the other. Further analysis of the data showed that the main reason for drug abuse was curiosity (56.6%), followed by mere enjoyment (39.6%) and leisure (35.8%) .
Conclusion : It can be concluded that drug abuse among street children is highly associated with gender, age, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and leaving home experience. Therefore, it is recommended to start drug abuse prevention programs at lower ages, with particular emphasis on boys. In addition, family intervention and improvement of children’s lifestyle aiming at preventing home-leaving could be a main strategic plan for reducing drug abuse among street children.
Zahra Mokhtari Nia, Forouzandeh Jafarzadehpour, Tahmine Shawardi,
Volume 20, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Demographic policies are designed and implemented with the aim of creating a better life for individuals in the society as well as protecting national interests. However, whether the implementation of these policies has achieved this goal or has had other, possibly unwanted, consequences that would affect the lives of the citizens, especially vulnerable people, requires careful investigation. These policies have had profound effects on the family and the health of family members, especially women. The purpose of this research was to investigate the understanding and interpretations of women in the southern areas of Tehran who had experienced unwanted pregnancy regarding population increase policies and their effects on women and their family lives.
Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive qualitative study. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 23 married women with a history of unwanted pregnancy referring to the comprehensive health centers in districts 16, 17 and 19 of South Tehran Health Network. Purposive sampling was continued until a theoretical saturation was reached, and data analysis was performed based on the foundation data theory.
Results: Out of the primary data consisting of a total of 850 open codes, 452 concepts, 15 main categories and 47 sub-categories were extracted. Finally, "dissatisfaction with interventionism" was chosen as the main phenomenon covering the rest of the categories.
Conclusion: The most important factors causing dissatisfaction with government intervention among the participants are imposing costs related to unwanted pregnancies and keeping and raising an unwanted child. The intervening conditions of this phenomenon are "poverty and high cost". The participants' strategies included suppressing their wants, regret and attempts to improve the situation and reducing sexual relations.
