Showing 5 results for Hoseini
S Bagherzadeh Yazdchi, M.h Pourmand , M Hajiabdolbaghi, M Hoseini , N Mardani ,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (27 2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important human pathogens. A major clinical concern is the high rate of antibiotic resistance among Staphylococcus aureus strains. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains are a major cause of community- and hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, genetic investigation of S. aureus strains isolated from patients with staphylococcal infection is crucial not only for tracking of infections but also for nosocomial infection control.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 103 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were collected from Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates were determined using a panel of 13 antibiotics by the disk-diffusion method. The isolates were investigated for hvr by the PCR method.
Results: According to the antibiotic susceptibility testing, 21 antibiotype profiles were detected. Sixty-four out of the 103 isolates were resistant to methicillin. PCR results showed 10 different patterns of hvr.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed high rates of antibiotic resistance and variations of hvr among the Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The high degree of hvr variation can be a good tool to use for molecular typing of this bacterial strain. Further investigation of antibiotic susceptibility patterns and genetic features of this bacterium is highly recommended for controlling community- and hospital- acquired infections.
Effat Merghati Khoei, Narges Hoseini Nia, Nasim Abolghasemi, Sanaz Ommaty, Fereshteh Golshani, Alireza Bayat,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (12-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Substance abuse and risky sexual behaviors are intermingled. Both subjects, however, are highly sensitive issues culturally in some societies such as Iran, making assessment of sexual behaviors difficult and challenging. It is particularly difficult to assess and study risky sexual behaviors in the drug-using population. Thus, it seems essential to develop and validate a comprehensive native instrument specific for the Iranian drug-using population to screen their risky sexual behaviors and in treatment settings.
Materials and Methods: A thorough literature review was made to find a tool utilized in addiction treatment settings. The Sex and Drug History Form (SDHF) was translated into Persian. Clients (n = 107) referred to the sexual health clinic in the Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS) were selected randomly. Questionnaires were completed through face-to-face interviews by trained research assistants. Data analysis was done using the Cronbach`s alpha and exploratory factor analysis.
Results: Cronbach`s alpha was found to be 0.78. Using the principal component analysis, the Sex and Drug Screening Scale (SDSS) revealed 78.6 of the total variance in two main domains, namely, drug-use behaviors and sexual behaviors. The number of subscales in the original instrument, which was 3, increased to 6.
Conclusion: Substance abuse and addiction significantly affect one's sexual behaviors and safety. The Sex and Drug Screening Scale will enable health workers and therapists to assess the patients' sexual health and risky behaviors at admission, which will facilitate planning, implementing and evaluating intervention programs aiming at treating addiction.
Rezvan Kakavand-Ghalehnoei, Zabihallah Shoja, Alireza Najafi, Mostafa Haji Mollahoseini, Somayeh Jalilvand,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (12-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Considering the lack of information on the occurrence of the epidemic form of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and the high prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients (46%), it was decided to estimate the incidence of KS in this group. Based on the fact that active HHV-8 infection leads to KS development, it is essential to first assess the prevalence of active HHV-8 infection in these patients. Most of the Iranian HIV-infected patients are not aware that they are HIV-positive. If the prevalence of HHV-8 infection is high in these patients, they may spread HHV-8 in the community by high-risk sexual behaviors, which would lead to an increase in the incidence of classic Kaposi’s sarcoma. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HHV-8 among HIV-infected subjects.
Materials and Methods: One-hundred plasma samples from HIV-infected patients were collected. Genome was extracted and assessed by the nested PCR assay with specific primers for ORF26. Positive samples were amplified for the ORF K1 region by nested-PCR. Subsequently their products were sequenced and their phylogenic trees constructed.
Results: HHV-8 was detected in 8 of the patients (8%). No statistically significant associations were found between age and gender on the one hand and HHV-8 infection on the other (p > 0.05). Two genotypes, namely, A and C, were identified, the former in two patients and the latter in one.
Conclusion: Although the prevalence of HHV-8 infection is high among Iranian HIV-infected patients, active HHV-8 infection rate is low among them. Therefore, it seems that the incidence of epidemic KS is likely to be very low in this group. Certainly more research is needed in this area. As regards genotypes, genotypes A and C are found in the samples.
Effat Sadat Merghati-Khoei, Leyla Jansar Hoseinie, Sanaz Ommaty, Fereshteh Golshani, Alireza Bayat,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (3-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Group therapy is one of the selective approacheseffective in addiction treatment, although it is not used extensively.Therefore, it is essential to assessthe current group therapy situation and determine its barriers andreinforcing factors inaddiction treatment settings.
Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was a rapid assessment designed and conducted in 2014-2015. Formal and informal data were collectedfrom 6 selectedcenters (n=55) bya multi-disciplinaryresearch team,using a systematic and semi-structuredapproach. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results: Based on dataanalysis a descriptive model was obtained with two main items, namely, structure and implementation of group therapy and effectiveness process. These two main items were found to be composed of four descriptive sub-items, including structural determinants and effective determinants in group therapy, contextual features, content, acceptabilityand desirability of treatment.
Conclusion: The findings show that application and effectiveness of group therapy is desirable, but it is not used as a routine approach in addiction treatment centers. Barriers to expansion of group therapy include insufficient content, lack of a structured protocol, and lack of professionalcapacity building. The study also revealsthat group therapy is quite acceptableamong patients who have had the experience of being treated with this approach but less acceptable among those who are not familiar with it.
Mohammad Zia Hoseini, Fatemeh Setoodehzadeh, Mehdi Zanganeh Baygi,
Volume 20, Issue 4 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: As a pandemic disease, Covid 19 has taken the lives of many people all over the world and has put a lot of pressure on the health care system and health care personnel. The experiences of managers and employees can help increase the efficiency of the health systems in future crises. This study was carried out in order to use the experiences of the personnel of the Crisis Section of Zahedan Medical University Public Health Deputy (ZMUPHD) in controlling the Covid-19 epidemic.
Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative research conducted in 2021-22 using the content analysis method including 30 employees of the Crisis Staff of the ZMUPHD selected by purposeful sampling. Data were collected based on semi-structured, in-depth interviews and analyzed in eight stages including typing the text of the interviews, determining semantic units, coding the text, revising the codes, classifying and developing the classes, revising the classes, identifying the themes and reporting the data.
Resulte: The experiences of the managers and employees of the ZMUPHD to deal withا the Corona pandemic were identified and extracted in 5 main areas including "Legislative", "Operational", "Manpower", "Supervisory" and "Financial", and 13 sub-areas.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, one of the problems in the administration and management of the Covid crisis was the lack of sufficient supervision and political requirements in order to control and prevent the spread of the disease, as well as the lack of a single decision-making organization. Also, financial problems and problems related to human resources were found to be among the most important issues. On the other hand, from the point of view of the interviewees, the use of the 4030 system was one of the turning points in crisis management.
